Who created the twenty-four solar terms? How many years ago?

According to the existing literature, Fuxi first formulated 24 solar terms, which has a history of about 7000 years. According to the Xuanyuan era 6,000 years ago, there began to be ancient almanac such as Xia, and the Huangdi Neijing also recorded the Hou, Qi, Time and Age. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, some names of solar terms appeared, such as dichotomy, dichotomy, Li Si, Yu, Jing Ke, Xiaoshu, Bailu and Chushuang. Until the Western Han Dynasty, there were 24 full names of solar terms in Huainanzi Astronomical Training.

In fact, the 24 solar terms are a unique calendar in China. It is the result of long-term repeated observation, exploration and summary of astronomical phenomena, meteorology, physical images and agricultural activities by the ancient working people in China.

Twenty-four solar terms originated in the Yellow River Basin, began in the Spring and Autumn Period and were established in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Someone once described the solar terms poetically as the qi of heaven and earth.

The origin and establishment of the twenty-four solar terms are recorded in many ancient books in China, including Fuxi's calendar, solar terms and Jiazi calendar. For example, as the ancient micro-book says, "Fuxi used to make eight diagrams and three paintings to look like twenty-four qi." Tongli records: "Tai Hao began to have a calendar." "Spring and Autumn Events" says "Divide it into eight sections to cope with the weather". It can be seen that the ancient sages represented by Fuxi are recognized as the founders of solar terms culture.

At first, our ancestors began by observing "phenology", that is, by observing the reactions of natural living things and abiotic things to solar terms and climate change, so as to master the climate characteristics of solar terms. About 6000 years ago, in the era of Huangdi (Xuanyuan Huangdi), a "phenological calendar" was initially made. Its content is probably: "Swallows come and go at the vernal equinox, shrike comes and goes at the summer solstice, bluebird comes from beginning of spring to Changchun, and Danbird comes from beginning of autumn to beginning of winter ..."

Xia Zheng Xiao is an earlier ancient almanac with only more than 500 words, but it records the astronomical phenomena, phenology, civil affairs, farming, meteorology and other contents in detail in the order of twelve months a year.

It was soon discovered that it was still extensive and unstable to grasp the solar terms by phenology. So I turned to the observation of astronomical phenomena. By observing the changes of the stars, I found the laws of the changes of the stars and solar terms. For example, the description of the Big Dipper in bucket handle in Lv Chunqiu: "bucket handle is in the east, the world is spring, the south is summer, the west is autumn, and the north is winter ..."

"Rizhilu" said: "For more than three generations, everyone knows astronomy. July filariasis', farmers' words; Samsung is in the sky', the language of women is also; The end of the month', the merit of guarding the pawn; The story of "The Long Tail Theory and Chen Fu" is also a rumor aimed at children.

By the Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2700 years ago, people realized that the shadow length of Rizhao people might be related to the position of the sun and climate change. The ancients measured the sun's shadow with a standard watch, and defined the longest day of the sun's shadow as "solstice" (also known as long to the sun, long to the sun and winter solstice), and the shortest day of the sun's shadow as "short to the sun" (also known as short to the sun and summer solstice). In spring and autumn, there is one day with the same length of day and night, and these two days are designated as "vernal equinox" and "autumn equinox" respectively.

Beginning of spring, the vernal equinox, Chang Xia, Xia, beginning of autumn, the autumnal equinox and beginning of winter began to appear in Lu Chunqiu and December Ji. These eight solar terms are the most important of the 24 solar terms. Later, when Huainanzi was published in the Western Han Dynasty, the names of the 24 solar terms were exactly the same as those of the modern ones.

Second, the meaning of the twenty-four solar terms The ancients called the first solar term of each month "solar term", such as beginning of spring called the solar term of the first month; The second solar term of each month is called "Qi", and "Festival" and "Qi" appear alternately, and each solar term lasts about 15 days.

Beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter, collectively known as "Li Si", respectively represent the beginning of the four seasons;

The summer solstice and the winter solstice, collectively called the "second solstice", represent the extremes of summer and winter in astronomy;

The vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox, collectively called "bisection", mean that the length of day and night is equal, which is also the dividing point. After the vernal equinox, the days begin to get longer, and after the autumnal equinox, the nights begin to get longer.

Rain means that it begins to rain, and the rainfall gradually increases;

Sting, the sudden movement of spring thunder, awakened the hibernating animals in the soil;

Qingming means sunny weather, fresh and clean air, gradual warming and lush vegetation;

In Grain Rain, the increase of rainfall is very beneficial to the growth of cereal crops;

Xiaoman means that the seeds of summer crops are full, but not yet mature, just small and not yet full;

Crops with awns, such as awn seeds and wheat, are mature and summer sowing begins;

Heat, heat, heat, heat means heat (heat is not the hottest, heat is the hottest season, heat is the day when summer is coming to an end);

White dew, the temperature began to drop, the weather turned cold, and there were dew on the vegetation in the morning;

Cold dew, the temperature is lower, there is condensation in the air, and there is a chill gradually;

The first frost, the weather is getting colder and colder, frost;

Light snow, heavy snow, first snow, small and big indicate the degree of snowfall;

Slight cold, severe cold, the weather is getting colder and colder, slight cold is not the coldest, severe cold is the coldest time of the year.

Seventy-two solar terms phenology (1) beginning of spring.

At first, the east wind thawed; Yang is harmonious but firm.

Second, the stinger began to vibrate; Vibration, movement also.

Third, the fish is cold. I am eager to speak, accumulate words, rise, rise. Yang has moved, and the fish are approaching the ice upstream.

It's raining.

At first, Rex sacrificed fish. At this time, when the fish comes out fat, the otter sacrifices first and then eats.

Second, geese wait for the north; From south to north.

In the third season, vegetation is sprouting, which is for cultivation.

(3) Fear

At the beginning, peaches began to blossom; And the emergence of Yang, from then on, gradually flourished.

Second, Cang Geng Ming; Huang Liye.

Third, the eagle becomes a pigeon and the eagle is also a bird. At this time, the eagle became a pigeon, and in autumn, the pigeon became an eagle again.

(4) vernal equinox

At first, the mysterious bird came; Yan Laiye.

Second, Lei Nai speaks; Thunder is the sound of the sun, but you can't walk out in the shade, so thunder is exciting.

Third, power on. Electricity is the light of the yang, the light is invisible when the yang is weak, and the yang is restrained in the yin. Its light is hair, so the cloud begins to be charged.

(5) Qingming

At the beginning, tung trees began to blossom.

Second, voles become owls and peony flowers; Birds sing like quails and mice sing. When the yang is strong, the mouse will become an owl, and when the yin is strong, it will become a mouse.

Wait three times and the rainbow will see you. Rainbow, sound flood, yin and yang meet, pure yin and yang are not in phase. If the clouds are thin and the sun is leaking, rain shadows can be seen in the rainbow.

(6) Grain Rain

At the beginning, Ping was born.

The second time, the pigeons flapped their wings and flew, their wings lined up, and the farmers were in a hurry.

Three times in Dai Sheng, a bird weaves a net and a snipe is arranged in the mulberry to show the silkworm's wife. So women are rich, wearing snipes.

(7) Long summer

At first, it sounded; Moles are bugs, too. Everything is wrong.

Second, earthworms come out; Earthworms are yin and feel yang.

Third, Wang Guasheng; The melon is red and the sun is booming.

(8) Xiaoman

Start with a bitter vegetable show; The fire is hot and bitter, so bitter vegetables are beautiful.

Second, the grass will die; The genus of this plant.

Third class, Mai Qiu arrives; Autumn is the maturity of Baigu. At this time, the wheat is mature, so it is called wheat autumn.

(9) Miscanthus

At the beginning, mantis was born; Dao Lang, the common name, said that the literary name refused to axe.

Second, the cuckoo began to sing; Cuckoo, slaughtered livestock and shrike.

Three times, the tongue is silent; Kuzu also.

(10) Summer solstice

At the beginning, the antlers dissolve; Yang beast also, and solution.

Second, wait, cicadas begin to sing, cicadas also.

Three phases, Pinellia ternata, drug name, Yang and Yin.

(1 1) Slight summer heat

At first, the wind was warm.

Second, crickets and bees live in walls; Also known as the promotion of weaving, at this time the wings are not formed, the wall of the former residence.

Third class, the eagle is loyal. Sincerity, words to. The eagle feels yin, which is a question of killing the mind and learning to fight.

Major Heat

At first, rotten grass was a firefly; From the extreme of Ming dynasty, the secluded class became the Ming class.

Second, the soil is hot and humid; Awkward and wet.

Third, when it rains heavily.

Beginning of autumn.

At the beginning, a cool breeze came.

Wait, the Millennium falls.

Third class, chilling. Cicada is small, green and red.

scorching summer sun

At first, the eagle was a sacrificial bird; Eagle, kill birds. I dare not taste it first, so I'll show it to you.

Second, heaven and earth began to calm down; It's cold in Su Qing, too.

Third class, Walden. Millet is the length of grain, cooked for the first time.

(15) Millennium

At the beginning, Hongyan came; From north to south. One day: the older one is called Hong, and the younger one is called Yan.

Second, the mysterious bird returns; Swallow comes also.

Third, the flock is ashamed. Shame, food also. Cultivate shame for the moon in winter.

(16) autumnal equinox

At first, the thunder stopped; It thunders in the sun in February and listens in the shade in August.

Second, insects are blank households; Blank, sound training. Blank households will be stung by cultivating household knowledge in their holes.

After three waits, the water began to dry up. Mandarin says: see the morning corner and the rain ends, see the roots of heaven and the water is exhausted, after the rain ends, remove the Tao and the water is exhausted and become a beam. Chen Jiao, Jiao Su also. Rooted in heaven, between houses. Yes, Dan saw it in the East, too. Chen Jiao saw the September edition, Tiangen saw the end of September, and there were more than twenty-one books at the end.

(17) cold dew

At first, Hongyan was a guest. Guest, guest also. The first to arrive is the Lord, and the last to arrive is the guest. The cover will be the best.

Second, the sparrow enters the water as a clam; Those who fly turn into potential, while those who are yang turn into yin.

Third, chrysanthemums have yellow flowers. All the flowers are silent, only this one, whose flowers are in the shade and alone in autumn.

The first frost

At first, jackals were sacrificial animals; Meng Qiuying sacrificed birds, the flier was small and fierce, Fang Meng and the jackal sacrificed animals in the autumn, and the flier was big and fierce.

Second, the vegetation is yellow; The sun is the spirit.

Third, the stinger is salty. Prone and dormant.

Beginning of winter.

At first, the water began to freeze.

Second, the ground began to freeze.

After waiting for the third time, the pheasant turned into a stork and plunged into the water. Slugs, mussels.

(20) light snow

When the rainbow disappeared, Ji Chunyang prevailed over Yin, so the rainbow saw it; Meng Dong Yin wins Yang, so he hides but doesn't see it.

Second, the weather will go up and it will go down.

Third class, occlusion and winter. In the Tibetan land under the sun, it is cloudy and winter.

(2 1) Heavy snow

At first, the bird that cries at night, also called Hao Hanchong, is a kind of yin and seeks yang, so it can't sing because it can't sing.

Second, the tiger began to pay; The tiger is yin, and it is also the feeling of yang.

Wait three more times, and Li will stand up. Plum, an iris plant, has leaves like pu and roots like a brush.

(22) Solstice in winter

At first, earthworms knot; The spirit of the sun did not move, and its head bent downward. When the spirit of the sun moved, it bent and ended.

Second, the angle solution; Yin beast also. It was solved by yang.

Third, the water springs move, and the sun is born in the sky.

(23) Slight cold

At the beginning, Yanbei Township; At the age of one, geese wait four times. For example, all the people living in Yanbei Township in December are wild geese, and so are their parents. The person waiting for Yanbei in the first month is Xiaoyan, the son of Goose. The first one is bigger, and the second one is smaller.

Second, magpies began to build nests; Magpie knows that it is angry, so it is the nest of next year.

Third, pheasant; There are two tones in the sentence, which sound like pheasants. Pheasant fire beast, feeling the sun and then sound.

(24) severe cold

At the beginning, chicken milk, chicken and aquarium also got yang and laid eggs, so it was yin milk.

Second, the bird is seriously ill; Bird hunting, belonging to falcons, is extremely murderous, so it is fierce, quick and good at hitting.

Third class, Shui Ze's abdomen is firm. The spirit of the sun has not yet arrived, and the east wind has not yet arrived, so Shui Ze has gained a firm foothold.

The four seasons in the slight cold season in Hua Xinfeng: plum blossom, camellia and daffodil;

Cold season: Daphne odora, orchid and alum in Phnom Penh;

Beginning of spring season: Spring Festival, cherry blossoms, spring;

Rainy season: first-class cauliflower, second-class apricot flower, third-class plum flower;

Creeping season: waiting for peach blossoms, waiting for Tang Di, waiting for roses;

Equinox season: first-class begonia, second-class pear flower, third-class magnolia flower;

Tomb-Sweeping Day: first-class tung flower, second-class wheat flower, third-class willow flower;

Seasons in Grain Rain: Peony, Tea and Azadirachta.