The deepest lake in the world?

Lake Baikal is the oldest lake in the world and the seventh largest lake in the world. It is crescent-shaped, with good water quality and transparency as deep as 4

Lake Baikal is the oldest lake in the world and the seventh largest lake in the world. It is crescent-shaped, with good water quality and transparency as deep as 40.5 meters, and is known as "the bright eye of Siberia".

In 20 15, the total water volume of Lake Baikal was 23.6 trillion cubic meters, and the deepest part reached 1637 meters. It contains about 20% of the fresh water of all lakes and rivers on the earth, which is equivalent to the sum of the water of the five great lakes in North America and exceeds the water of the whole Baltic Sea. It is the largest freshwater lake in the world. It is sunny here, with more than 300 hot springs, and the lakeside is the largest health resort in eastern Russia. 1996 is listed in the world list of human culture and nature protection.

location

Lake Baikal is located in the south of eastern Siberia, Russia. It is long and narrow, like a crescent moon embedded in the southern edge of eastern Siberia. It is the deepest freshwater lake in the world with the largest storage capacity. The average water depth of the lake is 730m, with the deepest point1637m. The lake can be drunk by 5 billion people for half a century.

Lake Baikal is the deepest and largest freshwater lake in the world. It is located in * * * in Bria, * * in Bria and * * * in Irkutsk. The lake is long and narrow, just like a crescent moon, so it is also called "Moon Lake". It is 636 kilometers long, with an average width of 48 kilometers and a maximum width of 79.4 kilometers, with an area of 310.5 million square kilometers, an average depth of 744 meters, the deepest point10.637 meters, and the lake surface elevation of 456 meters. Lake Baikal is crystal clear, stable and transparent * * * with a transparency of 40.8 meters * * *, ranking second in the world. Its total storage capacity is 23.6 trillion cubic meters. Around Lake Baikal, there are 336 rivers, the largest of which is the Selenger River, and only the Angara River flows out of the lake, with an average annual flow of only 1.870 cubic meters per second. The place where the lake flows into the Angara River is about 1000 meters wide, and the white waves are sky-high.

climate

Lake Baikal is located in the inland of Eurasia and belongs to the continental climate of Coban climate classification. 65438+1The lake freezes from October to May, and the ice thickness is about 70- 1 15cm. You can drive from the lake to Orhon Island in winter. What is the lowest temperature in winter in the east of Lake Baikal? 19℃, and the highest temperature in summer can reach 14℃.

The average temperature around Lake Baikal in winter is -38℃, which is really cold. However, every year from June 5438 to May, the lake will freeze, releasing latent heat and alleviating the cold in winter. In summer, the lake thaws, absorbing a lot of heat and reducing the heat. So some people say that Lake Baikal is a natural two-way giant "air conditioner", which plays a regulating role in the climate of the lakeside area. In a year, although ice with a thickness of 60 cm is accumulated on the surface of Lake Baikal for five months, sunlight can penetrate the ice layer and input heat energy into the lake, forming a "greenhouse effect", which makes the lake water in winter close to the water temperature in summer, which is conducive to plankton reproduction, thus directly or indirectly providing food for other aquatic animals and promoting their development and growth. According to the underwater automatic thermometer, the water temperature at the bottom of Lake Baikal is at least -4.4℃ in winter, which is higher than the water temperature on the lake surface. Lake Baikal can adjust the continental climate on the lakeside.

geology

There are also cliffs of 1000-2000m on both sides of Lake Baikal, and the structural cracks are surrounded by mountains and are more than 2,500m high. The sediment at the bottom of this lake is more than 8 kilometers thick. This is why the actual ground fissure depth of Lake Baikal is 10- 1 1 km. This depth can be compared with the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the world's oceans.

Lake Baikal is one of the oldest lakes in the world, located in the Eurasian plate and formed by the subsidence of the crust. Most scientists believe that the unique animal remains in the depths of Lake Baikal were formed about 30 million to 20 million years ago. It is said that Lake Baikal was formed because the Asian crust slowly separated along a fault and a trench appeared. At first, the ditch was eight kilometers deep, but with the passage of time, it was gradually filled with silt, and the microbial fossils in the silt can show its formation age. Most lakes, especially those in the Ice Age, were formed from 6,543.8+0.5 million years ago to 6,543.8+0.5 million years ago. Then these lakes gradually filled with sediments, became seasonal swamps, swamps, and finally dried up completely. Recent research shows that Lake Baikal is not a disappearing lake, but an ocean in its initial stage. Just like the Red Sea in East Africa, the shore of Lake Baikal is pulled apart at a rate of two centimeters per year. Lake Baikal is a typical feature of many oceans-unfathomable, huge storage capacity, undercurrent, tides, strong storms, big waves, expanding rift valleys, geomagnetic anomalies and so on. The Baikal depression is asymmetric, and the gradient in the west is steeper than that in the east.

Geologically, Lake Baikal is a valley-broken depression, and it is a big crack as deep as 15-20km underground. Lake Baikal and its catchment area are unique geological systems in the world. Lake Baikal is located in the middle of East Siberia, about 1600 km away from urumqi county, the geographical center of southwest Asia continent. Lake Baikal valley depression is an important natural barrier in Siberia. This natural barrier separates different animals and plants, and many unique biological communities grow here.

Lake Baikal is located in a deep tectonic valley, surrounded by mountains, some of which are 2000 meters higher than the lake. The thickness of sediment at the bottom of the lake is 6 100 m. There are extinct volcano sites on the shore. The topography on both sides of the lake and valley is asymmetric, with steep slope on the west bank and gentle slope on the east bank. 8% of the lake bottom is very shallow, only 50 meters deep. The total length of the winding coastline is 265,438+000 kilometers, and there are large depressions in Balguzin Bay, Chivilkusky Bay, Proval Bay, Ayaya Port and Floriha Port. On the east coast, there is a peninsula extending into the lake, called Viateau enos Peninsula. There are 27 islands in the lake, and the largest island is Olyhonda Island * * * with a length of 7 1.7km and a width of 15km, covering an area of about 730㎞? ***。 Great Ushkani * * * Great Ushkani * * Island covers an area of 8? .

Crustal movement continues, with occasional strong earthquakes; There are about 2000 earthquakes in Lake Baikal every year, most of which are relatively small and can only be detected by seismographs. An earthquake of magnitude 5 or 6 occurs every 10- 12 years, and a catastrophic earthquake of magnitude 7-9 occurs every 20-30 years, sometimes the magnitude may be higher. Two major earthquakes occurred in the central lake basin at 1862 and 1959. 1960, the 9.5-magnitude earthquake lowered the lake15-20m. 10 earthquake 1962 caused the subsidence area of the northern estuary of Salinger to be 200 square kilometers, forming Proval Bay with a depth of 3 meters. New hot mineral springs are constantly emerging at the crustal fracture.

hydrology

There are 336 rivers flowing into Lake Baikal, mainly the Selenger River, but only one river-angara River flows out of the lake. In winter, the icing depth of the lake is 1 m, which lasts for 4-5 months. However, the temperature in the depth of the lake has remained constant, about 3.5℃.

The results of perennial measurement show that the maximum transparency of Lake Baikal reaches 40.22 meters, only slightly lower than that of Zhoumo Lake in Japan, ranking second in the world. The reason of high transparency lies in its deep lake basin. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world with an average depth of 730 meters. Therefore, although waves over 4m often appear on the lake, the water below10m is quiet.

The deepest lake in the world, the deepest reaches1620m. It is 636 kilometers long, with an average width of 48 kilometers and an area of 3 1.500 square kilometers. The capacity of the lake is 236,000 cubic meters, accounting for 1/5 of the total fresh water capacity on the earth's surface. There are 336 streams flowing into it, the largest of which are Selenge ***Selenga*** River, Barguzin * * * * River, Upper Angara * * * River, Tulka * * * Turka * * River and Snezhnaya * *.

Its total storage capacity is 236,000 cubic kilometers, which is equivalent to the total storage capacity of the Great Lakes in North America and occupies about 1/5 of the total unfrozen fresh water resources. It is said that the fresh water of Lake Baikal is enough for human beings to drink for 50 years.