What achievements have been made in the 24 solar terms table?

Twenty-four solar terms are the original cultural heritage of working people in China, which can reflect the changes of seasons, guide agricultural activities and affect the food, clothing, housing and transportation of thousands of households. Since 2000, the main political activity center in China has been concentrated in the Yellow River Basin, and the 24 solar terms have been established on the basis of climate and phenology in this area. Due to the vast territory and changeable terrain of China, the 24 solar terms are only a reference for many regions.

The twenty-four solar terms are divided according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). Depending on the sun's departure from vernal equinox (the longitude of the ecliptic is zero, when the sun shines vertically on the equator), every advance of 15 degrees is a solar term; After running for a week, I returned to the vernal equinox. The vernal equinox is a tropical year, which is 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms. The dates of solar terms are relatively fixed in the solar calendar. For example, beginning of spring is always between February 3rd and February 5th in the solar calendar. But in the lunar calendar, the date of solar terms is not easy to determine. Take beginning of spring as an example, the earliest date can be 65438+February 15 of last year's lunar calendar. It can be in the first month 15 at the latest. The current lunar calendar is neither a lunar calendar nor a solar calendar, but a combination of lunar and solar calendars. There is a leap month in the lunar calendar. If one year is counted from the first day of the first month to the New Year's Eve of the twelfth month, the number of days in the lunar calendar varies greatly (leap year is 13 months). In order to regulate the number of days in a year, the Lunar New Year (heavenly stems and earthly branches) is the first year of each year. But spring has begun. In other words, the year of the lunar calendar begins in beginning of spring in that year and ends the day before beginning of spring in the next year. For example, 2008 is the year of Wuzi in the lunar calendar, and the first day of Wuzi does not begin on February 7, 2008 (the first day of the first lunar month), but on February 4, 2008.

24 gas meters

(Calculated according to AD date)

72 kinds of climate

In seasons and months, the sun reaches the first, second and third ecliptic.

In spring, Meng Chun Li Chun 3 15 east wind thawed stinging insects and began to shake fish to ice.

3-5 February

Rain and dew water 330 peach blossom warehouse is more bright.

February 65438, 2008

Mid-spring, 345 Rex sacrificed fish, Hongyan came, and the plants sprouted.

5-7 March

At 0 vernal equinox, the black bird began to make a sound.

March 20 -2 1

Ji Chun Qingming 15 The stone vole turned into a rainbow.

April 4-6

When it rains at 30 degrees in the valley, pigeons start singing and blowing feathers. Dai Sheng falls.

April 19-2 1

In summer, Xia Meng began to cry in the summer of 45 degrees, and the earthworm grew into a melon.

5-7 May

A bitter vegetable 60 degrees smaller will show off its grass in summer.

20-22 May

In midsummer, the 75-degree mantis species began to sing, and its tongue was silent.

5-7 June

In the summer of solstice, Pinellia ternata will be born only when antlers are removed at a high temperature of 90 degrees.

June 2 1-22

It learned a cricket's residence from the mild Xia Feng in 105 in the last month of summer.

6-8 July

120 When rotten grass turns into firefly soil in the hot summer, it will only be rainy in the hot summer.

July 22nd-24th

Autumn, Meng, autumn, autumn, 135, cool breeze to white dew, chilling.

August 7-9

/kloc-in the summer of 0/50, the eagle is the first place to worship birds.

22-24 August

Mid-Autumn Egrets 165 Hongyan came to the mysterious flock to raise shame.

7-9 September

At the autumnal equinox of 180, thunder began to ring and the water dried up.

22-24 September

The cold dew in season and autumn is 195. Red rock guest birds attack floods, chrysanthemums bloom yellow flowers.

65438+18 -9 October

First frost 2 10 is a sacrifice to animals, plants, yellow leaves, stinging insects and salt water.

65438+123 -24 October

In winter, in the middle of winter, the water begins to freeze, and pheasants enter the water to be storks.

165438+17-8 October

Snow is hidden in a rainbow of 240 degrees, and the weather is blocked, so it becomes winter.

165438+1On October 22-23, the geogas decreased.

It snows at 255 degrees in the middle of winter. Birds don't call tigers, so it's quite healthy to make friends with them.

65438+6 -8 February

The spring moves at an angle of 270 degrees with the winter solstice.

65438+February 2 1-23

It was a slight cold in winter at 285 degrees, and magpies began to nest in the north.

65438+15 -7 October

In the 300-degree cold, chickens began to nurse, birds became seriously ill, and Shui Ze's abdomen was very strong.

65438+1October 20 -2 1.

Literal meaning of the twenty-four solar terms

Beginning of spring, Changsha, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter-also called "Li Si"-respectively represent the beginning of the four seasons. "Lifetime" means beginning. On the Gregorian calendar, it is usually around February 4th, May 5th, August 7th and165438+1October 7th every year. "Li Si" indicates the beginning of the astronomical season. From the point of view of climate,

Solstices in summer and winter-collectively referred to as "February solstice", mean extremes in summer and winter in astronomy. Solstice means extreme and extreme. Summer solstice and winter solstice usually appear on June 26th and February 22nd of the Gregorian calendar every year. It often rains on the solstice in summer.

Equinox and autumnal equinox-collectively referred to as "vernal equinox", mean that day and night are equal in length. "Minutes" means equal shares. These two solar terms are generally around March 20 and September 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Rain-indicates that the precipitation begins and the rainfall gradually increases. It rains around February 18 in Gregorian calendar every year.

Thunder-the sudden movement of spring thunder woke up the animals that were dormant and hibernating in the soil. At this time, the temperature rose rapidly, and the spring thunder gradually appeared. Every year is about March 5 of the Gregorian calendar.

Qingming-means sunny weather, fresh air, gradual warming and lush vegetation. The solar calendar is Qingming on April 5 every year.

Grain Rain —— More rain is good for the growth of cereal crops. The Gregorian calendar covers Grain Rain around April 20th every year.

Xiaoman-refers to the seeds of summer crops that are full, but not yet mature, just small and not yet full. Xiao Man is on May 2 1 day of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Mango seeds-crops with awns, such as wheat, are mature, and they start when sowing in summer. Every year around June 5, it is mango seed. Mango seeds burn in the sky.

Heat, heat, heat-heat means heat. Summer is not the hottest, summer is the hottest season, and summer is coming to an end. They are around July 7, July 23 and August 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

White dew-the temperature began to drop, the weather turned cold, and there was dew on the vegetation in the morning. It's around September 7th in the Gregorian calendar every year.

Cold dew-the temperature is lower, the air is dewy and getting colder. This day is usually on June 8 10 every year.

First frost-it's getting colder and colder, and it's frosting. The first frost usually occurs on June 23rd of the Gregorian calendar every year, 10.

Light snow, heavy snow-snow begins, and small and large indicate the degree of snowfall. Light snow is on Gregorian calendar165438+1October 22nd, and heavy snow is around 65438+February 7th.

Slight cold and severe cold-the weather gets colder further. Slight cold is not the coldest, but severe cold is the coldest time of the year. Gregorian calendar 65438+1October 5 and around the 20th of that month are mild and severe cold.

The twenty-four solar terms reflect the annual apparent movement of the sun, so in the current Gregorian calendar, the dates of the solar terms are basically fixed. The first half of the year is on the 6th and 2nd1,and the second half is on the 8th and 23rd, with a difference of 1 ~ 2 days.

The 24 Solar Terms

Beginning of spring: Bean juice refers to the northeast. The longitude of the sun is 365,438+05 degrees. It is the first of the 24 solar terms. It means to enter the spring, "Yang and thorn, everything is spring". After beginning of spring, everything revived and began all the year round.

Rain bucket refers to non-healing. The longitude of the sun is 330 degrees. At this time, the spring breeze blows all over, the ice and snow melt, the air is moist, and the rain is increasing, so it is called rain. People often say, "bloom is warm in spring, and the rain is busy giving fertilizer."

Scared: The solar calendar is 345 degrees. This solar term means that after beginning of spring, the weather gets warmer, the spring thunder starts to sound, and all kinds of hibernating animals that are dormant in the soil will wake up and start to move, so it is called sting. During this period, insects that ovulate in winter will also begin to hatch. Parts of China have entered the spring ploughing season. As the saying goes: "It warms after a sting, and the toad sings folk songs."

Vernal equinox: solar calendar is 0. At the spring equinox, the sun is above the equator. This is the midpoint of 90 days in spring. On this day, the northern and southern hemispheres are equal in day and night, so it is called the vernal equinox. After that, the direct position of the sun moved northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere were long and the nights were short. Therefore, the vernal equinox begins in spring in the northern hemisphere. Overwintering crops in most parts of China have entered the spring growth stage. There are agricultural proverbs everywhere: "The vernal equinox comes first, and rice competes for money." In summer, Jiazi burns the sky (Sichuan), and everyone is busy when it rains. Before transplanting, we plant melons and beans (Hubei), vegetables in the spring equinox and melons in the summer (Hunan), sesame seeds and beans in the spring equinox, and wheat and garlic in the autumn equinox (Anhui).

Qingming: Ding. The longitude of the sun is 15. At this time, the climate is fresh and warm, flowers and trees grow new branches and everything begins to grow. Farmers are busy plowing and sowing in spring. Once upon a time, on this day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, some families would plant willows at the door and go for an outing to sweep the graves in the suburbs. This is an ancient custom.

Grain Rain: The longitude of the sun is 30, which means that rain produces grains. Because rain nourishes the earth and grains can grow, Grain Rain is "rain gives birth to hundreds of grains". As the saying goes, "Before and after Grain Rain, you reap what you sow".

Long summer: the bucket refers to the southeast. The longitude of the sun is 45 degrees. This is the beginning of summer. Since then, everything has flourished in summer. When the temperature rises obviously, the summer heat approaches, thunderstorms increase and crops enter the peak season, it is customary to regard long summer as an important solar term.

Xiaoman: Nailing. The longitude of the sun is 60 degrees. Since Xiaoman, summer crops such as barley and winter wheat have borne fruit and full seeds, but they are not yet mature, so they are called Xiaoman.

Miscanthus species: Beidou refers to the sun longitude of 75. At this time, it is most suitable for sowing grain crops with awns, such as late rice, millet, millet and so on. If crops with awns are planted after this time, they will not mature. Meanwhile, "awn" refers to crops with awns, such as wheat and barley, and "species" refers to seeds. Miscanthus species means that crops with awns, such as wheat, are mature.

Summer solstice: Beidou points to B, and the longitude of the sun is 90 degrees. When the sun is at the "summer solstice" of 90 east longitude, it is almost directly above the Tropic of Cancer, and the sun is the highest in the northern hemisphere at noon. This day is the longest day and the shortest night in the northern hemisphere. From this day on, it entered the hot season, when everything in the world grew most vigorously. In ancient times, it was called the north solstice, which means

Slight summer heat: the longitude of the sun is 105. It's already very hot, but it's not hot yet, so it's called Xiaoshu. At this point, it was already around the first night.

Summer: refers to C. solar longitude 120. The summer heat is the hottest solar term in a year. Before and after the next day's duty, high temperature weather of 40℃ often appeared in many places in the Yangtze River Basin. Do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling. There is a lot of rain in this solar term. As the saying goes, "A little summer heat, a big summer heat, drowning rats", we should pay attention to flood control and waterlogging prevention.

Beginning of autumn: Beidou points southwest. The longitude of the sun is 135. From this day on, the autumn is crisp, the moon is bright and the wind is clear. Since then, the temperature has gradually decreased from the hottest time.

Summer heat: the longitude of the sun is 150. At this point, the heat has come to an end. The heat in summer will dissipate. It is a turning point of temperature drop, a symbol of climate cooling, and indicates the end of summer.

The Millennium: The ecliptic of the sun is 165. When the weather turns cold, the ground water vapor condenses the most.

Autumnal Equinox: The longitude of the sun is 180. On this day, like people in spring, the sun is almost direct to the equator, and day and night are almost equal. From this day on, the direct sunlight position continued to move from the equator to the southern hemisphere, and the northern hemisphere began to have shorter days and longer nights. According to China's autumnal equinox theory, this day is just half of the 90 days in autumn, so it is called autumnal equinox. However, in astronomy, it is stipulated that

Cold dew: Nailing. The longitude of the sun is 195. After the white dew, the weather turned cold and dew began to appear. When it comes to cold dew, there will be more dew and the temperature will be lower. So some people say that cold is dew gas, which means that the climate will gradually turn cold. Water vapor condenses into dew.

First frost: The longitude of the sun is 2 10. It's already cold, and there is frost, so it's called the first frost.

Beginning of winter: The longitude of the sun is 225. Traditionally, people in China regard this day as the beginning of winter. Winter, as the end, means that the field work of the year is over, and the crops should be harvested before harvesting. After beginning of winter, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China will be frozen, and farmers from all over China will gradually move to agricultural activities such as irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure.

Xiaoxue: The longitude of the sun is 240. The temperature dropped and it began to snow, but it was not the season of heavy snow, so it was called light snow. Before and after the light snow, it began to snow in the Yellow River basin (snowfall in the south is two solar terms later); In the north, it has entered the freezing season.

Heavy snow: solar longitude 255. Before and after the heavy snow, there was gradually snow in the Yellow River basin. In the north, it's already the winter with thousands of miles of frozen snow in Wan Li.

Winter solstice: the longitude of the sun is 270 degrees. On the winter solstice, the sun shines almost directly on the tropic of Capricorn. In the northern hemisphere, the days are shortest and the nights are longest, and it begins to enter the cold days. Astronomy stipulates that this day is the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere. From winter to the future, the direct sunlight position gradually moves northward, and the daytime in the northern hemisphere gradually becomes longer. As the saying goes, eating noodles on the solstice in winter makes the day longer.

Slight cold: the longitude of the sun is 285. After the slight cold, it began to enter the cold season. The cold air has accumulated for a long time and is cold. Slight cold means that the weather is cold but not extreme.

Great Cold: The longitude of the sun is 300 degrees. Great cold means extreme cold. Around the Great Cold is the coldest season of the year. The great cold was just after March 9 and at the beginning of April 9. As the saying goes, "March 9, April 9 will not be filmed."

After the severe cold, spring came and the weather became warmer. At this point, the earth revolves around the sun once, ending a cycle.

Source of solar terms

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China people had the concepts of the sun solstice in the south and the sun solstice in the north. Later, people divided the year into twenty-four equal parts according to the relationship between the running position of the sun and the moon at the beginning and middle of the month and the natural utilization of weather, animal and plant growth, and gave each equal part a proper term, which is the twenty-four solar terms. By the end of the Warring States Period, there were eight solar terms in the book "December Ji", including beginning of spring, vernal equinox, long summer, summer solstice, beginning of autumn, autumn equinox, beginning of winter and winter solstice. These eight solar terms are the most important of the 24 solar terms. These eight solar terms mark the change of seasons and clearly divide the four seasons of the year. Later, when the book Huai Nan Zi was published, the names of the 24 solar terms were exactly the same as those of the modern ones.

Division of solar terms

Some people think that the 24 solar terms are subordinate to the lunar calendar. In fact, they are defined according to the solar calendar, that is, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic, the year is divided into 24 equal parts, that is, the ecliptic is divided into 24 equal parts, and each equal part accounts for 15 of the ecliptic. Because the time required for the sun to pass through each bisection is almost equal, the Gregorian calendar dates of the 24 solar terms are roughly the same: the first half of the year is on the 6th, and the second half is on the 6th.

In the first half of this year,

Come on August 23rd in the second half of the year.

In ancient times, solar terms were called "qi", and there were two qi in each month: the first qi was called "solar terms" and the second qi was called "zhongqi". The monthly distribution of the 24 solar terms is shown in the following table, which is closely related to the arrangement of the lunar leap month. In the lunar calendar, beginning of spring is the first of the 24 solar terms. The name of the 24 solar terms comes from the place pointed by Dou Gang and the natural climate and landscape at that time. That is, Kuixing, Xingxing and Piaoxing in the Big Dipper point to different directions and positions with the movement of celestial bodies, and the positions they point to are the months they represent. For example, the first month is cloudy, the gourd ladle refers to cloudy at dusk, the midnight refers to cloudy, and the daytime refers to cloudy; February is the base, the Beidou at dusk refers to the base, the balance at midnight refers to the base, the chief refers to the base during the day, and so on.

Comparison and Time between Chinese and English in 24 solar terms, China