What skills do you have for novel reading, modern text reading, composition, poetry appreciation and other types of Chinese subjects? Answer format? thank you

First, take a look.

In the face of an article, read it quickly first to find out the genre and general content of the article.

Second, "removing meat and preserving bones"

A writer should set up a shelf before writing an article, and then sort out the materials. This shelf reflects the overall idea of the article. A good article, the material is attached to the shelf, just like meat is attached to the bone. Therefore, to clarify our thinking, we must first get rid of these "meats".

Common practice: 1, abandon prejudice and adopt correct methods; 2. Hierarchical induction. Taking the right method to get rid of prejudice means dividing the information of the article into primary and secondary, and extracting only the main information. Specific to a paragraph in the article, it is to extract the central sentence. The central sentence is usually at the beginning or end of a paragraph, so it is not difficult to judge. Hierarchical induction is to summarize the general idea of a paragraph, which is generally suitable for prose reading.

Third, "fixed-point scanning"

After completing the above two steps, you will officially start answering questions. The first is "fixed point", that is, find out the points of each question and match the stem of the question with the article. Find the problem point and enter the "scanning" stage. Scan up and down with the question point as the center to find the answer point. Generally speaking, pronouns refer to the above, and metaphorical sentences explain it; The understanding of an opinion sentence depends on its next sentence, and the opinions expounded in the material depend on the argument sentence in front of it; The main sentence of prose is often in lyric and argumentative sentences. Find the answer point, but also pay attention to the answer method. In most cases, you can directly quote the sentences in the original text to answer. If the topic requires you to "summarize" and "summarize", you must read through the whole paragraph or even the whole text, integrate the main points and express them in fluent personal language.

The questions put forward by the proposer are designed as a whole, and several questions go from shallow to deep, which are independent and interrelated. Generally speaking, we should start with the first question and answer it step by step. But sometimes we can refer back and forth and get inspiration from the relevance between topics, so as to find the answer or verify the answer faster.

Fourth, answer questions.

Many candidates do not pay attention to the examination of the questions in their usual training, and blindly answer questions on the basis of being satisfied with a little knowledge, resulting in serious loss of points. So, where do we start?

1, look at the score

How many points a question should get is an important hint for candidates to answer. For example, if a question is given 2 points, if candidates are required to summarize and answer, they only need to answer the summary content (the text in the summary must be closely related to the original text); If you want to answer in the original text, you need to find two suitable sentences in the original text (slightly compress the original sentence) (each correct answer is given 1 minute), which is the so-called counterpoint allocation method. If it is a 6-point question with a heavy score and strong ability, there are two tips: First, candidates are required to answer questions according to their original intention and rely on subjective imagination, and they can only answer two aspects; Second, ask candidates to take the full text as the center, look for answers according to the potential cognition of the article (slightly compressed), and only answer three or any three aspects. For this kind of problem, the publishing house will generally indicate the serial number. From these points of view, the answer should be highly generalized, that is, hierarchical, and this "hierarchical" is not out of nothing, it is often a mapping of paragraphs or full-text levels. When reading an article, if you can combine the assignment of the topic and the requirements of answering questions well, you can easily understand the article and answer questions easily.

2. Look at important words and sentences

Authors often use some words with special meanings in their writing, or sentences that can play a certain role in the writing structure, or sentences with obvious emotional tone and scenery characteristics when expressing emotions and describing scenery. For example, in terms of words, we should pay specific attention to words that reflect the author's position and viewpoint, words that express the theme of the work, words that reflect the deep content of the article, words that serve as a reference for the structure of the article, special words with metaphors, metonymy, irony and other meanings, and words that contain different meanings according to the context. In terms of sentences, we should pay special attention to sentences with relatively implicit semantics, which is the key sentence to express the theme or context of the whole work-Yan Wen; Rich and vivid sentences, including central sentences, summary sentences and transitional sentences; It is easier to understand wrong sentences and difficult figurative sentences; Express some emotion, use sentences with the same sentence pattern, etc. They are all used by the author to set questions. In the process of reading, we must understand the important words and expressions in writing.

3. Skills of finding answers

The setting of reading comprehension questions in modern Chinese has certain dependence, that is, it is impossible to set the questions independently from the original text, and even some questions with strong ability need candidates to use their imagination to answer questions. So the shadow of the answer to each question can be found in the original text. In an argumentative essay or a short essay with narration and discussion, the answer is often hidden in the summary or argumentative text. As long as you find that you have summed up your experience, it is not difficult to get the correct answer. When the author writes essays about things, he often expounds a certain philosophy of life with the help of the characteristics of things and the relationship between them, which are dominant in the description. As long as it can be found and summarized, combined with life, it is easy to answer.

4. Choose a reasonable sentence pattern

Using appropriate sentence patterns to answer questions can well examine candidates' language organization ability and cognitive ability of articles, and at the same time, they can skillfully answer questions and improve the accuracy of answering questions. So when you answer, you should carefully consider which sentence pattern to choose. The answer should be related to the topic. The so-called "relevance" means that "question" and "answer" are related, so how to answer and how to ask can reflect the integrity of the answer, stimulate inspiration, determine which sentence to choose to answer, and avoid wrong answers. Pay attention to the narrative object when answering questions. Answering questions has certain pertinence, but many candidates often ignore their pertinence and narrative object when answering questions, which leads to sentence pattern misuse, language disease, incompleteness, nonstandard and even wrong answers. Therefore, when answering questions, it is beneficial to write the narrative object, but it is not harmful.

5. Choose the standard answer angle

When answering, whether it is a positive answer or a negative answer, whether it is from the author's point of view or from the perspective of others, it affects the effect of the answer. Answer questions directly, straightforwardly and smoothly; Answering questions from the opposite side is implicit and meaningful; Answering questions with other people's words and itinerary shows the protagonist's character and conduct. At the same time, it can also broaden the candidates' thinking. In view of this type of question, candidates must carefully examine the meaning of the question and choose the best answer angle to answer the question.

Narrative reading and answering skills

1. Article genre?

Poetry, novels, prose (lyric prose, narrative prose), scripts, expository essays, argumentative essays.

2. Six elements of narrative?

The time, place, person, cause, course and result of the event.

3. Find a topic sentence?

Look for lyric sentences in the first or last paragraph.

4. What is the content of the article?

Methods: Look at topics, people (events) and events, and make a comprehensive induction. This article narrates (describes and explains) ... and shows (praises and reveals) ...

5. What are the characteristics of material organization?

Select typical events closely surrounding the center, and carry out appropriate clipping and detail processing.

6. Hierarchical?

(1) divided by time (find the phrase that represents time)

(2) According to the position (find the phrase indicating the position)

(3) According to the development process of things (find each event)

(4) the total score (pinching the head to the tail)

7. What are the narrative clues and functions?

Clues: (1) key people (2) key things (3) key events (4) time (5) place (6) author's emotion.

Function: It runs through the context of the full text, organically links the characters and events in the text, and makes the article coherent.

8. Write a title for the article.

Find the clue or center of the article

(1) core figures (2) core things (3) core events (4) author's emotions

9. What is the narrative order and function?

(1) The function of sequential narrative (according to the sequence of events): The narrative has a beginning and an end, and it is clear and impressive to read.

(2) Flashback (write the results first, and then explain what happened before. ) function: create suspense, attract readers, avoid monotonous narration and enhance the vividness of the article.

(3) insert (interrupt the clue when telling, and insert another related thing. ) function: complement and set off the plot, enrich the image and highlight the center.

(4) Pingwei

10. Language features?

Choose from the following sentences by combining context and rhetorical methods: vivid, fresh and beautiful, concise, accurate and rigorous, incisive and profound, easy to understand, harmonious in phonology and strong in rhythm. (Note: Be sure to analyze it in combination with specific sentences. )

1 1. Writing skills and functions?

(1) personification: endow things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, personify things, and thus achieve vivid images.

(2) Metaphor: describe things vividly and concisely, and explain the truth.

(3) exaggeration: highlighting the characteristics of people or things, revealing the essence, and giving readers a clear and strong impression.

(4) Symbolism: giving specific meaning to the things described and expressing emotions.

(5) Contrast technique: Through comparison, highlight the characteristics of things and better express the theme of the article.

(6) Setting off (side setting off) technique: setting off the main person or thing with the secondary person or thing, highlighting the characteristics, personality, thoughts and feelings of the main person or thing.

(7) Irony: Use metaphor, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen profundity and criticism, and make the language spicy and humorous.

(8) If you want to promote, you should suppress first: first belittle and then praise the object described, contrast the context, highlight the object written, and receive unexpected and touching results.

(9) Before and after care (echo from beginning to end): make the plot complete, the structure rigorous and the center prominent.

12. Rhetoric methods and functions

(1) Metaphor: describe things vividly and concisely, and explain the truth.

(2) personification: endowing things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, and personalizing things, so as to achieve vivid images.

(3) Exaggeration: highlight the characteristics, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression.

(4) Parallelism: the organization is clear, the rhythm is distinct, the language potential is enhanced, and it is longer than lyric.

(5) Duality: the form is neat, the phonology is harmonious, and they set off each other and complement each other.

(6) Repetition: emphasizing a certain meaning, strong lyricism and appeal.

(7) Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself, attract attention and inspire thinking.

(8) rhetorical question: clear attitude, strong tone and strong lyricism. (Note: Be sure to analyze it in combination with related sentences. )

13. What are the meanings and functions of specific words?

Methods: Contact the original meaning of words, explain the meaning of the text and find out the specific content it refers to. A: The word "××" originally means …, and here it means …, playing the role of ….

14. What does this sentence mean?

Grasp the key words, analyze their characteristics and significance, and then explain them in context.

15. What is the function of sentences in the structure?

(1) Continue the top (2) Open the bottom (lead out the bottom) (3) Connect the front and bottom (transition) (4) Pave the way for the bottom.

16. Expression?

Narration, discussion, lyricism, description and explanation

17. What is the role of argument in narrative?

Inspire readers to think, point out the meaning of people or events, highlight the center, sublimate the theme, and play the role of making the finishing point.

18. What is the role of lyricism in narrative?

Express the author's sincere and profound feelings, arouse the feelings of readers, and make the article have strong appeal.

19. Types and functions described?

Character description: (1) Appearance description (2) Behavior description (3) Action description (4) Language description (5) Psychological description.

Function: to create characters, promote plot development and reveal the theme of the article. Environmental description: Environmental description plays up the atmosphere and sets off the emotions of characters.