Teaching design of natural language in the first volume of junior two Chinese.

Knowledge target

1. Accumulate four disyllabic words of "Meng, Ci, Luo and Pregnancy" and master their meanings; Accumulate five phrases: "disappearing, withered grass, snowy snow, cycle by cycle, grass grows and warblers fly", and learn to use them.

2. Understand phenology knowledge and enrich students' scientific knowledge.

capability goal

1. Perceive the text as a whole, screen the relevant information as required and practice summarizing the main points to gradually improve students' ability to read popular science texts.

2. Make clear the explanation order of articles, explore the writing skills of explanatory articles, and guide students to explain things in an orderly way.

3. Try to figure out the language, realize the characteristics of this language, such as accuracy, preciseness, vividness and beauty, enhance the sense of language, and learn to explain things in vivid language.

Moral education goal

Stimulate students' interest in exploring scientific mysteries and cultivate their scientific attitude of paying attention to observation and demonstration.

Teaching focus

1. Make clear the order of text explanation, understand the organization of explanation, train students to quickly filter information and preliminarily summarize the main points.

2. Learn the accurate, rigorous, vivid and beautiful language of this article and experience the vividness of the explanation.

Teaching difficulties

1. Explain the explanation order of the four factors that determine the coming of phenological phenomena, and discuss the benefits of this arrangement.

2. Summarize the significance of phenology to agricultural production, screen suggestive words and make a comprehensive summary.

teaching method

1. Read aloud. Vivid explanations can easily stimulate readers' interest in reading. Based on this, teachers should guide students to read aloud in various forms and understand things in reading aloud.

2. Discussion method and heuristic method.

3. Competition incentive method. Junior high school students are competitive. When training students to quickly screen information, we should use this method to stimulate students' enthusiasm for participation and interest in learning.

4. Swimming and tasting. This is especially true for the understanding and application of language.

5. Epitaxial expansion method. Expand the application of the phenological knowledge learned in the text, collect several agricultural proverbs, and talk about the phenological knowledge contained in them, so that the knowledge learned in class can be transformed into ability.

training/teaching aid

mixed-media

Class arrangement

2 class hours

teaching process

first kind

[teaching points]

Read the text aloud and feel the meaning of the text initially; Screen the main information and grasp the meaning of the text as a whole; Divide paragraph levels and clarify the order of article interpretation; Explore the order of local interpretation and learn the author's interpretation skills.

[Teaching Steps]

First, guide the design.

Design (1)

In the third unit, we learned five discourses, all of which belong to the discourse of things. In this unit, we begin to learn another type of expository writing, namely expository writing. Today we are going to learn natural language.

Design (2)

Language, "the most important communication tool for mankind" (Lenin). We humans export information through language, obtain information and serve our study, work and life, so that human society can survive and develop. At the same time, human production and life can not be separated from the information source "natural language". Does nature also have a "language"? What does it tell us about human beings? What's the point? Today we are going to learn an expository article "natural language" which introduces "natural language".

Design (3)

Multimedia display four beautiful pictures of spring, summer, autumn and winter.

The elegant spring willow, the graceful summer lotus, the passion of Qiu Feng and the proud shore of winter plum are all picturesque and have their own charm, which is the phenological phenomenon. Today we will learn an article about phenology-natural language. The author is Mr. Zhu Kezhen, a famous scientist in China. (blackboard writing, author)

Second, read the text aloud and grasp the meaning of the text as a whole.

1. Multimedia shows the scenery of spring, summer, autumn and winter all the year round. The sound screen displays text reading aloud. Students listen and read, and feel the meaning of the text.

2. The teacher prompts the words that need to be accumulated.

Multimedia display:

3. Students read the text twice, and then quickly and accurately filter the information according to the requirements to grasp the meaning of the text as a whole.

Multimedia display reading requirements are as follows:

(1) What is phenology? What is phenology?

(2) What is the significance of phenological observation to agriculture?

(3) What are the factors that determine the coming of phenology?

(4) What is the significance of studying phenology?

Students screen the information separately, and then summarize it with sentences or their own words. Please raise your hand if the first student finishes, and the teacher will time the students. After the ten students with the shortest duration were determined, the teacher asked the students to show their reading scores in order, and finally selected the student with the shortest duration and the best score and awarded him the title of "Reading Model".

Students clearly:

(1) Natural phenomena such as the prosperity and decline of vegetation and the coming and going of migratory birds were called phenology by the ancient working people. The science of using phenology to study agricultural production is called phenology.

(2) Phenology reflects the influence of climatic conditions on organisms, which is relatively simple and easy to master, and can be widely used in agricultural production.

(3) differences in latitude and longitude, competition and ancient and modern times.

(4) Forecast the farming season and arrange the sowing date; Arrange crop zoning and determine the date of afforestation and seed collection; Introduce plants into areas with the same climatic conditions; Avoid or reduce the harm of pests; Promote agricultural development in mountainous areas.

Students' reading difficulty is probably the problem (4). Teachers can remind students to pay attention to some iconic words, such as "First of all, for …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Third, divide the paragraph level and clarify the order of article interpretation.

1. Choose two students to divide the paragraph level, clarify the idea of the full text, and show it on the blackboard, and the rest of the students will evaluate it.

Clear: The first part (1 ~ 3) leads to what is phenology and phenology.

The second part (paragraphs 4-5) expounds the importance of phenological observation to agriculture.

The third part (6 ~ 10) explains the factors that determine the coming of phenology.

The fourth part (paragraph 1 1 ~ 12) expounds the significance of studying phenology.

2. Make clear the explanation order of the article and explore the author's explanation skills.

Choose two students to summarize the order of this article in their own words.

If there are different opinions, the rest of the students are free to ask questions or express their understanding.

Clear: This paper first introduces the object of phenology research, then illustrates the importance of phenology to agricultural production with concrete examples, then discusses the four factors that determine the arrival of phenology, and finally illustrates the significance of phenology to agricultural production.

On the basis of the students' answers, the teacher made a concluding speech: there are three kinds of explanation order: chronological order, spatial order order and logical order. Logical order is also logical order, such as from general to special, from primary to secondary, from phenomenon to essence, from simple to complex. The four parts of the article have close internal relations; The first part leads to the object of explanation, the second part makes a concrete explanation, and the third part is the further development of the second part and the basis of the fourth part. The full text is logical and clear, and the phenological knowledge introduced is easy to understand, which leaves a deep impression on people.

Four, intensive reading text 6 ~ 10 paragraph, explore the local order of interpretation.

1. Students read paragraph 6 ~ 10.

2. Question: Can the order of interpretation of the four factors that determine phenology be adjusted (or interchanged)? What are the advantages of this arrangement?

Students think and talk at the same table.

Clear: Not adjustable. These four factors are arranged according to the degree of influence, from big to small. Latitude has the greatest influence, followed by longitude, the difference between height and ancient times. In addition, latitude and longitude are different positions on the earth, the third factor is the difference in the same place, all of which are spatial factors, and the last factor is time, which is an arrangement order from space to time. The explanation of the four factors is led out by a rhetorical question, followed by conjunctions such as "first", "second", "third" and "other than that", which makes this part clear and easy to accept.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.

1. Collect some agricultural proverbs and talk about their phenological knowledge.

2. Read the passage and answer the questions. (The teacher provides students with written materials to read)

What is intelligence?

What is intelligence? Some people say that intelligence includes intelligence, foresight and speed, and can cope with many events at the same time. Some people define intelligence as the ability to learn, judge and imagine. In modern literature, intelligence often refers to the ability of abstract thinking, reasoning and sorting out information. Others express intelligence more concisely, thinking that intelligence is a guess and an "excellent guess" to discover some new internal order. For many people, it is the ability to innovate when they don't know what to do, when they are powerless, and when the usual practices don't work.

So is human intelligence higher than other animals? It depends on how developed the brain is. Only the outer layer of the brain-cerebral cortex-is obviously related to the formation of "new association". The human cerebral cortex is thinner than the orange peel, only about 2 mm, which is only equivalent to the thickness of a dime. People's cerebral cortex is covered with wrinkles, but if you peel it open and spread it out, its area is about equal to 4 pieces of printing paper. The cerebral cortex of chimpanzees is only as big as 1 piece of printing paper; Monkeys are as big as postcards; The mouse's is only as big as a stamp. Therefore, human intelligence is far higher than that of animals.

1. The object of this article is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2. What is the order of interpretation adopted in this paper?

3. The interpretation method used in the second paragraph is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

In the second paragraph, the word "about" is used twice. What characteristics does this reflect in the language of text selection?

5. Summarize the main content of this article in concise language.

6. This paper gives five explanations of "intelligence". Please say which one you agree with most, and give examples to explain why.

Reference answer:

1. Intelligence

2. Logical instructions

Compare

For example.

Digital column

4. Accuracy and rigor.

5. Various explanations of intelligence are introduced; Through the comparison between human and animal cerebral cortex, it shows that human intelligence is much higher than that of animals.

6. Omit.

Second lesson

[teaching points]

Try to figure out the language and realize its characteristics of accuracy, preciseness, vividness and beauty; Learn to explain things in vivid language; Expand and transform the phenological knowledge learned in class.

[Teaching Steps]

First, try to figure out the language and realize the characteristics of this language, which are accurate, rigorous, vivid and beautiful.

1. Read paragraphs 1 and 2 of the article and realize the vividness of the explanation.

(1) Students read paragraphs 1 and 2.

(2) The teacher redraws a beginning with concise language, asking students to compare the original text and talk about their different expression effects.

Multimedia display:

There are four seasons in a year, spring, summer, autumn and winter. Every season has a unique natural landscape. For thousands of years, working people have attached importance to the relationship between natural phenomena and climate, and arranged farming accordingly.

Students compare the different expression effects of the revised text and the original text. The revised text is concise, straightforward and unattractive; The original is vivid and vivid.

(3) Intensive reading of paragraphs 1 and 2, specifically, what is good about this paragraph?

Students express their views and describe their reading feelings in their own language. As long as it is reasonable, teachers should give priority to encouragement.

Health 1: The text begins with a sentence: "After beginning of spring, the earth gradually woke up from a deep sleep." The personification figure of speech is very vivid when spring comes, which sets the tone for the following description. But I think it's a little abrupt and too hasty.

Health 2: In fact, as long as you carefully scrutinize the word "awakening", you will have a bottom in your heart. The following natural phenomena, such as "melting ice and snow, sprouting vegetation, all kinds of flowers in full bloom, ... the return of swallows ... and the arrival of cuckoo", show the connotation of "awakening" and bring people a piece of spring.

Health 3: These two paragraphs are well written, but the words are vivid. For example, the words "melting ice and snow, sprouting vegetation" and "sprouting" accurately reflect the situation that vegetation begins to grow; For example, "bloom per second" and "seconds" appropriately show the order of flowers and render the breath of spring; For example, "the leaves gradually turn yellow", "gradually" accurately expresses the process of the leaves turning yellow; For example, "falling" and "rustling" imitate the sound of leaves being blown by the wind, making people feel the chill of autumn; For example, "snow-loaded road" and "load" appropriately describe the degree of snowfall.

Health 4: These two paragraphs are good, because figures of speech are used. Using anthropomorphic rhetoric, it is naturally written vividly. For example, "After beginning of spring, the earth gradually woke up from a deep sleep", "There is a scene of grass falling everywhere, preparing for the winter of snow and ice" and "apricot blossoms are in full bloom, as if nature is telling us to cultivate the land quickly; Peach blossoms are blooming, which seems to imply that we should plant millet quickly. Du Fu began to sing ... ". Nature seems to have people's thoughts and feelings, and they all seem to be worried about farmers for fear of missing their farming. This method greatly enhances the vividness of explanation and the readability of the article.

Health 5: These two paragraphs are good, but they set off the object of explanation. It not only vividly illustrates the close relationship between the changing law of flowers, birds, insects and fish and the climate, but also gives people a strong suspense with the wonderful pen of flowers, thus fully rendering and effectively paving the way for the following explanation of natural language.

(4) The teacher reminded the students to read Note ①, and asked: "If the title of the article is changed to' a fertile science-phenology', is it ok?"

The student is clear: not good. Lost the vividness of the explanation. Language of Nature is an intuitive statement of phenology, which is easy to stimulate readers' interest in reading.

(5) Students should read paragraphs 1 and 2 together and try to recite them.

2. Multimedia shows the following sentences, asking students to think and understand the scientific nature of the language.

(1) Many agricultural proverbs handed down from ancient times contain rich phenological knowledge.

(2) According to the phenological records in Beijing, the flowering ratio of Prunus armeniaca, Prunus armeniaca, Eucommia ulmoides, Begonia Xifu, Lilac and Robinia pseudoacacia in 1962 is about 10/0 days, which is five or six days later than that in 1965.

(3) Phenomena such as flowering and flowering of plants go higher and later in spring and summer, and deciduous trees go higher and earlier in autumn. However, the study of this factor should take into account special circumstances.

Students made it clear that bold words were strictly restricted, which reflected the scientific nature of explanatory language. The underlined sentences show the author's rigorous scientific attitude and scientific spirit of respecting facts.

3. Teacher's summary: The purpose of expository writing is to introduce knowledge to people, so the language of expository writing is required to be concise, accurate and rigorous. But sometimes in order to enhance persuasiveness, stimulate readers' interest in reading and explain things in vivid language, this article is a good example.

Looking back at the previous texts, there are many examples of using vivid language to explain things. Please list one or two.

Health 1: In the article "Stone Arch Bridge in China", lions with different postures are written on the stone fences on both sides of Lugou Bridge: "Some mothers and children hug each other, some whisper, some listen to the sound of running water, and some look at pedestrians. It's so vivid. "

Student 2: In the article "The Beauty of the Bridge": "Wuzhen, the hometown of Mao Dun, has dense reeds on both sides of the river. It's really airtight. Whenever a stone bridge appears in the middle, it seems like a suffocating reed takes a deep breath and breathes a comfortable breath. "

Health 3: In the article "The Palace Museum", the appearance of the Hall of Supreme Harmony reads: "Under the blue sky, the golden glazed tile double-eaved roof is particularly brilliant."

……

Second, guide students to learn to explain things in vivid language.

Multimedia display:

Swallows are beneficial birds. A pair of swallows can catch more than 8000 insects a day.

Swallows are good at flying, and the flying speed can reach120km per hour.

Swallows are good at discerning directions. When flying to the southern wintering area, European swallows can find a tunnel through the Alps and head for their destination.

The teacher asked the students to refer to the above information, combined with their own observation and understanding of swallows, write a paragraph to introduce a certain feature of swallows, and try to reflect the scientific and vivid explanation.

Students conceive writing.

Choose three or four students to read their own clips, and the rest will evaluate them.

A better clip is:

Swallows are good at flying, and women and children know it. Its flying speed can reach120km per hour, and it is one of the best members of the bird family. Swallows also have superb flying skills: for a while, they fly against the wall like an arrow, for a while, they fly vertically into the sky, for a while, they make a 180 U-turn, and then their wings are weak and do not shake, just gliding in the air for a few minutes.

Swallows are always flying and never seem to feel tired. But who would have thought that this is caused by their own weaknesses. Swallows have two small feet. Thin feet can't support the swallow's body, so standing on the ground can't keep balance flexibly. So, they learned the skill of solving everything in flight: swallowing prey in flight. Drinking water while flying, even when feeding the children, they don't squat at the nest, but flap their wings like helicopters, stay in the air in front of the nest and feed the children one by one.

Swallow is a hardworking bird. Nesting, "getting married and having children", raising children and being busy all day. Swallows are also good at catching insects. A pair of swallows catch more than 8,000 bugs every day, most of which are used to feed children who never seem to be able to fill their stomachs. Swallows eat a lot of pests, which is good for agriculture and forestry. So swallows are beneficial birds and friends of human beings.

Swallow is a very clever bird. Swallows in Europe can find a tunnel through the Alps when they fly to their hometown in the south. Instead of flying over the mountains, they went through these tunnels in groups and went straight to their destinations, thus saving flight time and their own physical strength.

Third, expand and transform classroom knowledge.

1. The teacher asked the students to show the agricultural proverbs collected before class and explain the phenological knowledge contained in them.

Health 1: "Before Tomb-Sweeping Day, rice fields were opened" is to determine the time of "opening rice fields" according to the solar terms.

Health 2: "Liufahua, beans grow melons" is the time to arrange "beans grow melons" according to phenological phenomena.

Health 3: Shantou Cloud, Sunny Day predicts the weather according to the shape of the cloud.

Health 4: "Smell cicadas chirping in the rain, and predict the weather according to the phenological phenomenon of cicadas chirping in the rain".

Health 5: "Sparrows hoard grain for heavy snow" and "pigs embrace grass, and cold waves arrive".

Health 6: The agricultural proverbs such as "there must be rain in the ant nest", "there must be rain when the fish dive", "there must be rain when the toad comes out of the hole", "The tide on the turtle's back is ominous", "The chicken crows at night, and the wind and rain will come soon" all predict the weather according to phenological phenomena.

……

2. Besides agricultural proverbs, there is also a lot of phenological knowledge in ancient poems. Bai Juyi's Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple is an example. Contact the phenology knowledge in this article to talk about the understanding of this poem.

Multimedia display:

Peach blossoms in Dalin Temple

Bai Juyi

In the world of April, the flowers have withered, and the peach blossoms in the ancient temples have just bloomed.

I want to find a place where my life is dying, but I don't know that it has been moved here.

Students read poems together and understand them.

Qing: Dalin Temple is at the top of Lushan censer peak. The poet visited Dalin Temple in early summer. In April, it was the time when spring came back to the plain, but the poet was surprised to find that peach blossoms were actually blooming in this ancient mountain temple. The poet was sad for the passing of spring, but after revisiting the spring scene, he was overjoyed and suddenly "woke up" that spring had turned here.

This poem just illustrates the height difference, the third factor that affects phenology: "The flowering and flowering of plants are higher and later in spring and summer."

3. The teacher asked the students with tourism experience to talk about the phenological knowledge they learned from tourism.

For example, if you travel to the northeast in midsummer, to the south in winter, and climb mountains to see the sea, there will always be new discoveries.

Fourth, class summary.

This article is an expository article, and the author introduces a science-phenology in a simple and interesting way. The full text is explained in logical order, and the thinking is clear and clear: describing phenological phenomena-making scientific explanations-investigating causality-expounding research significance. This way of understanding and writing from phenomenon to essence is worth learning. This article is rigorous and vivid, both scientific and vivid, and it is a very valuable popular science article. The article also tells us that science is around us and not far away from us. Let's get in touch with science at zero distance, so as to love science.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.

1. Explain the phenological knowledge contained in three agricultural proverbs: "Dark clouds cover the top in the morning, and there will be wind when there is no rain", "Huang Yun is upside down, and it will lay ice eggs" and "Pagoda clouds in the morning, and it will rain cats and dogs in the afternoon".

In order to strengthen people's awareness of environmental protection, please draw up two environmental protection slogans with "protecting water, air, forests and animals" as the object. Example: Air pollution is equivalent to chronic suicide.

3. Give an example of your familiar "human friend" and introduce it to others, will you?