Introduction to the formation of four seasons throughout the year?

There are four alternate seasons in a year, namely spring, summer, autumn and winter. Astronomically speaking, the division of

Introduction to the formation of four seasons throughout the year?

There are four alternate seasons in a year, namely spring, summer, autumn and winter. Astronomically speaking, the division of the four seasons is determined by the orbital position of the earth around the sun. Here's what I did for you. I hope it works for you.

Geographical phenomena of the four seasons:

The earth's orbit around the sun is elliptical and has an angle with the plane of its rotation. When the earth is in different positions in its orbit at different times of the year, different places on the earth receive different sunlight and different heat from the sun, so there are seasonal changes and differences between cold and hot.

In climate, the four seasons are distinguished by temperature. In the northern hemisphere, generally speaking, March-May is spring, June-August is summer, September-165438+1October is autumn, and12-February is winter. In the southern hemisphere, the time of each season is just the opposite of that in the northern hemisphere. It is summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the northern hemisphere; It is winter in the southern hemisphere and summer in the northern hemisphere. There is no obvious boundary between seasons, and the change of seasons is gradual.

Division of the four seasons:

First kind

The traditional method of dividing the four seasons in China takes four solar terms as the starting point of the four seasons, and bisection and two to one as the midpoint. For example, in spring, beginning of spring is the starting point, the ecliptic of the sun is 3 15, the spring is the midpoint, the long summer is the end point, the ecliptic of the sun becomes 45, and the sun runs 90 on the ecliptic. This is a traditional and commonly used method.

The second type

Astronomical classification * * * that is, western classification * * * emphasizes the climatic significance of the four seasons, with the vernal equinox to the sun as the starting point of the four seasons, such as spring as the starting point and summer solstice as the end point. These four seasons are one and a half months later than the traditional four seasons in China.

The third kind

In order to accurately reflect the actual climate situation in various places, climatology is often used to divide the four seasons, that is, the classification method of modern scholar Zhang Baokun and the average climate temperature are used to divide the four seasons. It is also stipulated that the period when the average temperature is greater than or equal to 22℃ is summer, the period when it is less than or equal to 10℃ is winter, and the period between 10℃ and 22℃ is spring or autumn. According to this standard, the seasons in mid-latitude areas are consistent with the climate, while the temperature changes in low-latitude areas and near the polar regions are not obvious. At the same time, in mid-latitude areas, the length of each season is different. This is the four seasons. For example, Beijing has 55 days in spring, 0/03 days in summer, 50 days in autumn and 0/57 days in winter. This method can be combined with the specific climate and agriculture in various places, so it is widely used.

The fourth kind

According to climate statistics, since 65438+ 10 is generally the most Leng Yue, it is March, April and May in spring, June, July and August in summer, 9 10 in autumn, 165438+ 10 in winter.

exist

At the equinox, the length of day and night and the height of the sun around the world are equal to the annual average, which has the typical characteristics of transition from the maximum * * * or minimum * * * to the minimum * * * or maximum * * *. Therefore, it is very reasonable to regard the vernal equinox as the midpoint of spring and the autumnal equinox as the midpoint of autumn. In summer, the day is the longest and the night is the shortest. On the day of summer solstice, the height of the sun is the highest and the surface gets the most solar energy. Therefore, it is very reasonable to take the summer solstice as the midpoint of summer; Similarly, the winter solstice as the midpoint of winter is also very scientific.

However, from the actual climate, the summer solstice is not the hottest time, and the winter solstice is not the coldest time, so the extreme temperature should be delayed by 1 ~ 2 months respectively. There is a saying in China that "heat is in dogs" and cold is in Sanjiu. Therefore, taking summer solstice and winter solstice as the start dates of summer and winter respectively can better correspond to the actual climate. Therefore, the division of four seasons in the west can better reflect the actual climate significance. Whether it is the division of four seasons with astronomical significance in China or the division of four seasons with climatic significance in the west, it is an astronomical division method. This is because dichotomy, dichotomy and quartering all have exact meanings in astronomy. They all divide the year into four roughly equal seasons, each lasting for three months, and the sun executes 90 degrees on the ecliptic. None of them can reflect the actual situation of the local climate. The seasons divided in this way are the four seasons in astronomy.

The astronomical season is hemispherically unified. In the hemisphere, every season has a unified starting and ending time. In the hemisphere, there are four seasons everywhere, and each season is of equal length. Astronomical seasons are of theoretical significance, while climatic seasons are of practical value. Astronomical seasons are the basis for dividing climatic seasons. The astronomical season is hemispherically unified. It is summer in the northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere; Climate seasons are unified by regions and mid-latitude regions. The division of astronomical seasons depends on the change of astronomical phenomena, and the division of climatic seasons depends on the change of temperature. No matter where in any hemisphere, there are astronomical seasons of equal length; In the same place, the time of four climatic seasons is not necessarily equal. This is the main difference between astronomical season and climate season.

Introduction to the four seasons:

spring

Yangchun People in southern China call spring "Yangchun" and "Yangchun March". For example, Li Bai's poem "Spring beckons me to smoke" is a wonderful portrayal of spring.

In the past, the first month of the lunar calendar was Meng Chun, February was Midspring, and March was Ji Chun, which were collectively called "Three Springs". Meng Jiao has a poem, "Only an inch of long grass is a little sentimental, and you get three spring scenery".

The ancient "Three Springs" in Jiuchun lasted for 3 months * * 90 days, and 10 day was a spring, hence the name "Jiuchun". There is a famous sentence in Ruan Ji's works, "If September is strange, autumn frost is like frost."

In the spring of youth, everything revives, with lush vegetation and vitality. full of green is called "youth". Du Fu's quatrain "Lead me home, sing my songs loudly and drink my wine in that green spring day" refers to this.

Fangchunchun is named "Fangchun" because of its numerous flowers and lush foliage. Such as Lu Ji's poem: "The fire is strong and the grass is strong, and the clothes are fresh and fragrant."

Qingyang is sunny and warm as spring, so it has the reputation of "Qingyang". For example, Chen Ziang wrote a poem, "Beauty does not return during the day, but the sun sets at dusk." .

Sunny spring, sunny, sunny, so it is called "sunny day" For example, Hua Guangsheng's collection of folk songs "Sunny Days" in the Qing Dynasty said: "Sunny days, gentle winds, willow trees in the shade"; Another example is Bao Zhao's poem: "Sunny peach season, bright and beautiful."

China has implemented the summer calendar for a long time. In the folk, people call the first month early spring, February full spring, March late spring, late spring or late spring according to solar terms and farming. In addition, spring is also called "Yang Festival", "Zhao Festival", "Shu Festival", "Yun Festival" and "Cang Ling".

In addition, every month in spring has the following nicknames: January is also called the moon of Meng, February is called the moon of Ling and Apricot, and March is also called the moon of Silkworm and Peach.

summer

Zhu Ming called summer "Zhu Ming" in ancient times. Erya Shi Tian: "Xia Wei", note: "Qi Hongyan." History of rites and music: "Zhu Ming is prosperous and suitable for all things."

According to Erya Shi Tian, Zhu Xia said, "Summer is Zhu Ming" and was later called "Zhu Xia". Cao Zhi of the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms said in Ode to Huai: "Being, starting from Mao, and practicing in it is complicated." Du Fu said in a poem, "I have bamboo that can make Zhu Xia cold."

The dragon wins Erya Shi Tian: "Spring happens, summer is won", which is also called "Dragon wins". Win, Tong Ying. What makes the vegetation grow excessively is called summer, so it is called changsheng.

Six Chapters of Su Wen in Long Summer: "Spring wins long summer, and long summer wins winter." Note: "Long summer is also in June." It also refers to summer. Du Fu said in a poem: "Qingjiang River is a village surrounded by songs, and everything in the village under the Yangtze River is quiet."

Hao Tian's Er Ya Shi Tian: "Summer is Hao Tian." Guo Pu's Note: "The word is full of gas."

Sophora japonica blooms in summer, so summer is called Sophora japonica. Yang Mingshen's Preface to Woodcutting in Yilin: "Woodcutting refers to summer."

Qian Qi in the Tang Dynasty said: "A bicycle moves all night, and crossing the border is a festival of inflammation."

Three summers in March, referred to as "three summers". "Yuefu Poems, Midnight Four Seasons Songs and Summer Songs" says: "I know three summers are ripe, but today I am very unique."

Nine summer ***90 days, referred to as "nine summer". There is a saying in the preface of Tao Qian's Murong that "the sun and the moon move, and nine summers have passed". Fan Li said, "I know it is autumn wind, which will be reserved for the summer heat in September next year."

The fourth, fifth and sixth months of the lunar calendar are summer months, which were called Xia Meng, midsummer and the last month of summer respectively in ancient times. Xia Meng, also known as "early summer", "early summer" and "Huaixia", is another name for April. Midsummer is May, and "middle" is the second month of a season, also called "super summer". The last month of summer is June, which is the end of summer.

autumn

In ancient Sanqiu, July, August and September were called Qiu Meng, Mid-Autumn Festival and Qiu Ji, or Sanqiu for short. It also refers to the third month of autumn, that is, the ninth month of the lunar calendar. There is a saying in Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting in the Tang Dynasty: "In September, the preface will be returned to Sanqiu".

Nine Qiu Qiu * * * ninety days, referred to as nine autumn. Zhang Xie's poem "Seven Lives": "Hey, the dew of three spring, the sound of nine autumn."

Jintian is derived from the "five elements", and autumn belongs to gold, so it is called Jintian or Golden Autumn. Chen Ziang in the Tang Dynasty said: "Jintianfang was killed, and the levy began in the Millennium."

Jin Xie Su Lingyun poem: "During the debriefing period, capital will become Jin Su." Shan Li's note: "Gold element, autumn also. Autumn is golden and white, so it is called gold. "

The vegetarian festival is also called vegetarian autumn, sometimes referring to the Double Ninth Festival, and sometimes referring to autumn in general. Ouyang Xiu's poem says, "I came to Xia Chuyun, and the vegetarian festival is now over." Wang Ji's poem "Give a Cliff to Your Majesty to Do Good" also says: "When you suddenly see a yellow flower vomit, you will know that it is a festival."

According to the ancient "five elements" theory, the color of autumn is still white, which belongs to the scale of "up" in "five tones", so it is called this. Ma Zuchang's poem "Autumn Night" in Yuan Dynasty said: "Plain merchants mourn the breeze, and grass roots sing autumn songs."

Selected Works of Zhaoming compiled by Bai Tong: "If it is a vegetarian festival in Bai Shang, clothes will be given every month." Shan Li's note: "Zhou Li": "White people in the west." "Book of Rites": "Autumn is a dream and a month is a pleasure." "

Erya Shi Tian of Bai Zang: "Autumn is Bai Zang." Guo Pu's note: "The gas is white."

Sima Biao's Reading Hanshu in the Western Jin Dynasty says, "Autumn in the West." "Western Heaven" is another name for Ansu in Twenty-eight Hostels. Dondero's "Political Prisoners Listen to Cicada" says: "The cicadas in the west are singing, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply."

In folk, people call July early autumn, early autumn, early autumn, last autumn, new autumn, Qiu Lan and Zhao Qiu according to solar terms and farming. August is called Mid-Autumn Festival, Good Autumn, Mid-Autumn and Positive Autumn. September is called late autumn, cool autumn, poor autumn, late autumn and late autumn. Autumn is also called "Shang Gao", "Shang Festival", "White Hair" and "ying chen".

winter

Erya Shi Tian of Xuan Ying: "Winter is Xuan Ying."

In the middle of winter, "Biography of Wang Jin County": "Look at its word potential, such as the death in the middle of winter."

In ancient times, the October of the lunar calendar was regarded as Meng Dong, the winter month was regarded as mid-winter, and the twelfth month was regarded as Ji Dong, referred to as "three winters" for short. Don Du Xunhe's poem "Xiju": "Don't talk about the hardships, three winters and one straw coat."

Nine winters and ninety days of winters, so it's cloudy. Shen Yue's poem "Evening Crane" in the Southern Dynasties said: "Nine winters are bitter with frost and snow, and six purlins can't fly."

In the severe winter, Emperor Liang Jianwen of the Southern Dynasties collected the poem "Geng Xu on a Winter Moon in Datong": "Yan Dongjing, cold clouds cover the brightness."

Winter Festival is sometimes dedicated to the winter solstice. "Biography of the Southern Qi Dynasty, Wuling Zhao and Wang Ye" says: "The kings of the Winter Festival wrote books, and only Ye came later." Sometimes it refers to winter in general, and "The Biography of Ma Rong in the Later Han Dynasty": "The party is involved in the winter festival, and farming is idle." Cao Cao's Journey to the West: "Go on a diet in the south in winter and return to the north in spring." ?