The solar terms represented by abcd

(1) The direction of the earth's revolution is from west to east.

(2) Reading the picture shows that A is the summer solstice, B is the vernal equinox, C is the winter solstice, and D is the autumn equinox;

(3) On the solstice in winter, the sun shines directly on the tropic of Capricorn. In our local area, the length of day and night is short, and the night is long. The phenomenon of extreme night appears in the Arctic. On this day, the shadow length at noon here is the longest in a year, and it is summer in the southern hemisphere.

So the answer is:

( 1)

(2)

(3) Tropic of Capricorn; The days are short and the nights are long; Extreme night; Dragon; summer