What is lavender? It is urgent. Use in class

British name: lavender

Genus: Labiatae Classification: Evergreen Shrub

Originated in China's sea area, it likes to be dry, with flowers shaped like wheat ears, slender stems covered with stellate fine hairs, purple-blue florets at the tip, long and narrow leaves in gray-green, which can reach 90cm high when growing up, and generally bloom in June. Whenever the wind blows, a whole lavender field fluctuates like a deep purple wave, which is very beautiful.

Lavender is a fragrant purple-blue flower. Also known as perfume plants, vanilla, vanilla and yellow vanilla, the English name is Lavender. Lavender (Labiatae) is a perennial evergreen cold-resistant sub-shrub, native to Mediterranean coast, Europe and Oceania islands, such as Provence, a small town in southern France, and later widely planted in Britain and Yugoslavia.

The northern foot of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang is at the same latitude as France, and the climate and soil conditions are similar. It is a lavender planting base and the hometown of lavender in China. Lavender in Xinjiang has been listed as one of the eight famous varieties in the world. Its leaves are beautiful and elegant, and its blue-purple inflorescences are beautiful. It is a new perennial cold-resistant flower in the courtyard, which is suitable for flower diameter cluster planting or strip planting, and can also be potted for viewing. It is also an important flavor raw material in the world today. Lavender can also be used as medicine, and it is also a good honey source plant. Lavender was a very common herb in Roman times, and it was called "second only to vanilla" because of its most effective. Lavender, also known as "aromatic herb", is suitable for any skin, promoting cell regeneration, accelerating wound healing, improving acne, abscess and eczema, and balancing sebum secretion. It has miraculous effect on burn and sunburn, and can inhibit bacteria and reduce scars. It has been widely used in medical treatment since ancient times. Both stems and leaves can be used as medicine, which has the effects of strengthening stomach, sweating and relieving pain. It is a good medicine for treating cold, abdominal pain and eczema. It has a wide curative effect and can treat at least more than 70 diseases. Widely distributed and easy to obtain, it was called "the herb of the poor" in the era of lack of medicine and medicine in ancient times. Lavender is also called "quiet perfume plant", and the flower language is "fragrance". The whole plant is fragrant, the fragrance of the plant remains unchanged after drying, and the flowers can also be used as sachets. Its fragrance can refresh the mind, improve eyesight, make people comfortable, and repel mosquitoes and flies. Put some hay in the wardrobe and bookcase, which can repel insects and prevent moth, and the fragrance can last for several years. 1999 Lavender was selected as an annual herb by the International Vanilla Association. Lavender has almost no pests and diseases, so there is no need to spray pesticides.

morphological character

Lavender is a perennial herb or small shrub. Although it is called grass, it is actually a purple-blue flower. Lavender is leafy and usually grows upright. According to different varieties, the plant height is 30 ~ 40 cm and 45 ~ 90 cm. In mountainous areas with quite high altitude, a single plant can grow to1m. Leaves alternate, elliptic-lanceolate, or large needle-shaped, and the leaf margin rolls back. Spike terminal, 15 ~ 25 cm long; Corolla lower tubular, upper lip-shaped, upper lip 2-cleft, lower lip 3-cleft; The flowers are about 1.2 cm long and have blue, deep purple, pink, white and other colors. The common color is purple-blue, and the flowering period is from June to August. The whole plant has a faint aroma with a slight woody sweetness. Because the villi on flowers, leaves and stems contain oil glands, they will burst when touched lightly and release fragrance.

Common varieties

There are 28 kinds of native lavender in the world. Lavender in Provence is mainly divided into three categories:

1. Primitive Lavender: Also known as British Lavender, it has the best quality and is mostly used to make high-grade perfumes and spices, with thin leaves and short spikes.

2. Long-spike lavender: also known as mint lavender, with wider leaves and longer stems and spikes.

3. Mixed lavender: it is a mixture of the above two kinds and has been cultivated in large quantities. Nowadays, lavender in the flower fields of Provence is mostly this kind.

In addition to the varieties that specialize in refining essential oils, there are some varieties that can be used as cut flowers or flower beds. At present, there are common lavender, feather-leaf lavender, tooth-leaf lavender and true-leaf lavender. The winner of the National Flower Variety Breeding Award, Mrs. Lavender, is the most eye-catching among the combination potted plants. It is most suitable for annual cultivation, sowing this autumn, blooming luxuriant and fragrant flowers next spring, and keeping the neat and consistent plants blooming. Lavender in Munster has light blue flowers from June to August every year, and its leaves are gray-green, lace and fragrant. Flowers bloom later than "Mrs. Lavender" and the uniformity is not as good as "Mrs. Lavender".

Cultivation management

It is a perennial shrub and can be used for about 10 years. Wide variety, easy cultivation, sunshine-loving, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant and salt-resistant. The cultivation site needs sufficient sunshine and good ventilation. Time from sowing to flowering (or harvesting): 18 ~ 20 weeks. Lavender should be cultivated in large containers. But in order to prevent it from getting too wet, you can use a pottery jar or a smaller plastic jar, and don't use a big jar unless it is quite large.

Lavender can't stand high temperature and humidity, and it will die after being flooded for a long time. When planting outdoors, be careful not to let the rain directly rain on the plants. After May, it is necessary to move the place out of direct sunlight, increase ventilation to reduce the ambient temperature and keep cool, so as to spend the hot summer safely. Pay attention to sunshine, moisture, temperature and patience.

1. Soil: Suitable for weak alkaline or neutral sandy soil. Special attention should be paid to the selection of substrates with good drainage, which can be mixed with 1/3 pearl clay, 1/3 vermiculite and 1/3 sphagnum moss. If it is cultivated in the open field, pay attention to the drainage of the soil, and raise the mound into a border before planting.

2. Watering: Lavender doesn't like water to stay in the roots. After the first watering, water should be supplied when the soil is dry. The surface medium was dry and the inside was moist, and the leaves wilted slightly. Water in the morning, avoid the sun, and don't splash water on leaves and flowers, otherwise it will rot and breed pests and diseases. Continuous humid environment will make the roots grow poorly, there is not enough air to breathe, and even the whole plant will die suddenly. This is often the reason for the failure of lavender cultivation.

3. Illumination: Lavender is an all-day plant, which needs sufficient sunshine and a suitable humid environment. The environment that can give full sunshine is better, and it can grow in half sunshine, but there are few flowers. In summer, at least 50% sunlight should be blocked, ventilation should be increased, and the ambient temperature should be lowered, so that although the growth is weak, it will not die. Lavender can also grow well on the flat ground in winter, so it should be cultivated in sunny conditions.

4. Temperature: Lavender is semi-heat-resistant, so it is cool. It likes warm in winter and cool in summer. The suitable growth temperature is 15 ~ 25℃, and it can grow at 5 ~ 30℃. Limit temperature: above 35℃, above 38 ~ 40℃ for a long time, and the top stems and leaves turn yellow. In northern winter, when the temperature is lower than 0℃ for a long time, the seedlings begin to hibernate, during which the seedlings can tolerate the low temperature of -20 ~-25℃.

5. Fertilization: When fertilizing, bone meal can be put into the pot soil as the base fertilizer (once every three months), and the seedling Shihuabao No.2 (20-20-20) can be applied again after the plant grows, such as Huabao No.3 (20-30-20). Apply light fertilizer.

6. Pruning: Lavender flower essential oil is the most abundant, and it is mainly used in flowers or inflorescences. In order to facilitate harvesting, some small inflorescences in the early stage of cultivation may wish to be leveled with scissors, and the newly grown inflorescences are of the same height, which is conducive to one-time harvesting. Some varieties can be as high as 90 cm, and this method is also used to make plants low, promote more branches and flowers, and increase harvest. Pruning must be carried out after flowering, and the plant can be pruned to 2/3 of its original size, so that the plant type will be stronger and conducive to growth. Pruning should be carried out in cold seasons such as spring and autumn, generally in spring, and pruning in autumn will affect cold tolerance. When pruning, be careful not to cut off the lignified part, lest the plant weaken and die.

breeding method

The propagation methods of lavender mainly include sowing, cutting, layering and rooting, mainly cutting and sowing.

1. seed propagation: lavender seeds are small and suitable for seedling raising and transplanting. Generally, the sowing date is in spring, March-June or 9-165438+1October in warm regions, April-June in cold regions and winter in greenhouses. The germination days are about14 ~ 21d. The optimum temperature for germination is 18 ~ 24℃. Proper light is needed after germination, and weak light is easy to grow white. Because of the long dormancy period, seeds should be soaked with 12 hours before sowing, and then soaked with 20-50ppm gibberellin for 2 hours before sowing. Before sowing, level the land, water it, soak it underwater and sow it evenly, then cover it with a layer of fine soil with a thickness of 0.2 cm, and cover it with grass or plastic film to keep it moist. Keep the seedbed moist at 15 ~ 25℃, and sprout in about 10 days. It takes a month to germinate without gibberellin treatment. It takes 1 ~ 3 months to germinate below 15℃. Pay attention to spraying water at seedling stage. When the seedlings are too dense, they can be properly thinned and transplanted when the seedling height is about 10 cm.

2. Cutting propagation: Cutting is generally carried out in spring and autumn. Softwood cuttings can also be used in summer. The cutting substrate can be 2/3 coarse sand mixed13 sphagnum moss. Select the well-bred plants with vigorous development, select the terminal buds of one-year-old semi-lignified branches with short pitch and no pilling, and cut at the top 8 ~ 10 cm. The cut of the cutting should be close to the stem node, so as to be smooth and not break the phloem. Remove the leaves from the lower two nodes, soak them in clear water for 2 hours, then cut them into the soil and take root in about 2 ~ 3 weeks. You can also choose 8 ~ 10 cm annual branches and take root in about 40 days under the conditions of good drainage, humidity and bed temperature of 20 ~ 24℃. Don't use the terminal bud of inflorescence to cut, because the aging of flower branches will have an adverse effect on future growth. Plastic film cutting, soil preparation and soil preparation. Cover with plastic film after watering and cut immediately. 5 ~ 8 cm deep and 20 ~ 25 cm row spacing. Pay attention to raising ground temperature and promoting root development; Prune extended branches frequently, remove spikes in time, promote branching and cultivate strong seedlings. The plant spacing is 60cm, and the row spacing is 120cm. Water immediately after planting.

3. Propagation by ramets: It can be carried out in both spring and autumn, with 3-4-year-old plants, and with mature old roots in March-April in spring, each branch has bud eyes.

Utilization mode

The utilization part is mainly dried flowers or flowers. When harvesting, cut the inflorescence with scissors. Generally, sunny day 10 am is the best harvesting time. If you want to preserve it and dry it for later use, you can also put it indoors for incense. Pharmacologically, lavender has the functions of calming the nerves, treating insomnia and promoting appetite, but the appropriate dosage for one day is 3 ~ 5g, and the essential oil is 1 ~ 4 drops. Bathing and burning incense are not allowed.

1. Cut flowering branches can be directly inserted into vases for viewing, and dried branches can also be woven into fragrant garlands.

2. Fill a small cloth bag with about100g lavender and flow it into the bathtub with hot water. Be careful not to get too hot. Too hot will make the skin sweat and unable to absorb effective ingredients. After washing, the whole body will be fragrant and comfortable, and then have a good sleep. The whole spa will be completed. Helps blood circulation and has the effect of avoiding mosquitoes and flies.

Lavender is also produced in China, but whether it comes from the Mediterranean is ominous. Because its flowers are like wheat ears, the inflorescence axis is sparsely short and white, which is called "wheat bran grass" in rural areas of China. Its leaves are rough on both sides, short and strigose, ovoid or broadly ovoid, with a length of 3 ~ 1 1 cm and a width of 1.5 ~ 7.5 cm. Its apex is tapered, its base is round or broadly wedge-shaped, its edges are coarsely serrated, and its petiole is 1 ~ 8 cm long. It can treat skin itching and dampness.

Whenever the wind blows, a whole lavender field fluctuates like a deep purple wave, which is very beautiful. In the Middle Ages, lavender was widely used by medical units in western European society, and its insecticidal and antibacterial effects have long been affirmed. People used to put lavender bags in the cupboard to repel insects. The Romans praised its antibacterial ability, bathing and cleaning wounds with lavender.

Lavender is an aromatic plant in Labiatae. Because of its pleasant smell, it is the most popular one in the herb garden and is known as "the queen of fragrant herbs". Because of its rich aroma, it makes people feel peaceful and calm, and has the effect of cleaning body and mind. The ancient Romans often used lavender to bathe in incense, while the Greeks used lavender to treat cough.

cultivation techniques

Propagation methods: mainly include sowing, cutting, layering, rooting and other methods. At present, cutting is mainly used in production, which can maintain the inherent excellent quality of the female parent.

Cutting period: Lavender has strong adaptability to cutting propagation, which can be carried out in spring and autumn. Even in summer, it is feasible to use softwood cutting, but it costs a lot of money. From the production point of view, cutting in spring is generally the best. Selection and treatment of cuttings: the quality of cuttings directly affects the survival rate of cuttings. Cutting should be carried out on well-developed plants, with annual semi-lignified branches with short and thick pitch and no heading, and cutting at the top 8 ~ 10 cm as cutting. The cut of the cutting should be close to the stem node and smooth as far as possible to avoid breaking the phloem. Cuttings cut in autumn will be cut in winter.

Cutting mode: plastic film is used for cutting, and the border can be made according to the width of plastic film during soil preparation. Cover with plastic film after watering and cut immediately. The insertion depth is 5 ~ 8 cm and the row spacing is 20 ~ 25 cm.

Management of cutting seedlings: appropriate water content, raising ground temperature and promoting root development; Qin Ying timely pruned the protruding branches, removed spikes, promoted branching and cultivated strong seedlings.

Land selection and soil preparation: lavender is drought-resistant and afraid of waterlogging, and it is necessary to choose plots with low water level. Lavender is a kind of subshrub with deep roots, which is more suitable for planting in plots with deep, flat and salt-free soil layers. Select a good plot for soil preparation, level the plot and turn it over deeply. The turning depth is required to be 25 ~ 27 cm. 500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer (sheep manure), 0/5 kg of phosphate fertilizer/kloc-and 0/0 kg of urea/kloc-were applied per mu, and used as base fertilizer before deep ploughing.

Planting: The best planting time is autumn, usually in the middle and late June of 10. The plant spacing is 60 cm, and the row spacing is 120 cm. Water immediately after planting. 165438+1At the beginning of October, cover the soil artificially to ensure the safe overwintering of seedlings.

Field management spring management: Newly planted lavender seedlings and perennial seedlings should be stripped and released in time at the end of March of the following year, and watered when the climate warms up in early April, so as to irrigate key water, make the seedlings take root and turn the old seedlings green. After a week of watering, the seedlings should be artificially loosened in time to keep warm. Urea 19 kg, superphosphate 15 kg and oil residue 30 kg were applied to the old seedlings at one time, and artificial deep ploughing was carried out between rows. This is beneficial to accelerate the greening of lavender in spring.

Management from the growing period to the full flowering period: for the newly planted lavender seedlings, water the roots well, water them 4 ~ 5 times a year, and plow and weed them in time. The buds appearing before June 20 of the seedlings should be artificially knocked out in time to promote the healthy growth and multi-branch of the plants and lay the foundation for high yield in the coming year. For the old seedling plot, there should be no weeds in the field, and the bud water should be watered in early May and the flowering water should be watered in June.

When 30% of the flowers in the field have withered and 70% have blossomed, 10 is the best harvest time in sunny morning. When picking, leaves and sundries are not taken, and the picked flowers are transported back to the workshop for processing in time. What can't be processed for the time being should be put under the arbor for cooling treatment.

Lavender is divided into two varieties, English lavender and French lavender. But don't call it where it grows. Lavender grown in Provence, France, is only British lavender, which is a cold-resistant lavender.

The Flower Language of Lavender-Waiting for Love

Lavender is a fragrant purple-blue flower. It's as romantic as its location. This flower, which was born in Prouvant, France, has a beautiful love legend:

Legend 1: In ancient times, there was a beautiful girl in Provence. One day, she was alone in the cold valley picking flowers in bud. On her way home, she met an injured traveler from far away and asked her for directions. The girl looked at the handsome young man affectionately with a bunch of flowers in her hand. At that moment, her heart was occupied by the young man's passionate smile. Despite the opposition of her family, the girl insisted that the young people stay in the guest room at home to heal until they recovered. As the days passed, the young man's leg injury had healed and their feelings quickly warmed up. On a cool morning, the young people wanted to say goodbye, but the girl didn't want her family's opposition to leave with the young people, and went to the hometown where the young people were full of roses in the distance ... The grandmother in the village held a bunch of lavender before the girl left, so that the spoony girl could test the sincerity of the young people with this bunch of lavender ... It is said that the aroma of lavender bouquets would make unclean things appear ... It was the morning when the valley was full of lavender. Just as the young man was holding the girl's hand and preparing for a long trip, the girl threw a bunch of lavender hidden in her coat on the young man. In this way, a purple light smoke gathered and dispersed ... There was a faint cold wind in the valley, like young people whispering ... I was your heart that wanted to travel ... leaving the girl lonely and depressed ... Some people said that before long, the girl disappeared.

As soon as this flower appears, it represents love and commitment, just like its flower language, waiting for love.

Legend 2: Provence is the "Knight City" in Europe, named after the film "Light Cavalry on the Roof". Italian knight Angelo fled here for the revolutionary cause. Good people know what happened, which makes the meeting between a gentleman and a lady Paulina a troublesome thing ... When Paulina and Angelo meet again and gallop on the vast land of Provence, everything becomes relaxed and happy.

The first impression of lavender is of course "fragrance". It is said that lavender, rosemary and Pogostemon fragrans in France are rich in fragrance and have refreshing effects. Lavender in England has a faint fragrance and plays a calming role.

People drink lavender flowers soaked in wine to get rid of abdominal cramps caused by cold; Drinking distilled water from lavender flowers can restore the voice of people who have lost their voice due to cold, restore the trembling heart to normal beating, and restore the normal sense of smell to people with abnormal sense of smell. Lavender has an inseparable relationship in daily life. In wet clothes, people often put lavender flowers in it to dry clothes, making them slightly fragrant. Lavender has a special effect on pain, and it has a good effect on pain, stroke, edema, labor pains, paralysis and spasm caused by wind and cold.

These lavender can be favored by fashion groups because they have many romantic and beautiful meanings. Lavender has a lot of connotations, implying a correct attitude towards life. People have always regarded lavender as a symbol of purity, purity, protection, gratitude and peace. Lavender also means "waiting for love".

Legend has it that one day, the Virgin Mary hung the washed baby Jesus clothes on lavender, and lavender was given the meaning of symbolizing the taste of heaven. It is also said that the Virgin Mary washed Jesus' baby clothes directly with water soaked in lavender. Perhaps this is why people in the past liked washing clothes with lavender so much. However, some people say that the Virgin Mary prayed to lavender, so lavender not only has a lasting fragrance, but also has the ability to drive away the devil.

Lavender Represents True Love is the most representative lyric poem in the Elizabethan era. Therefore, at that time, it was popular for lovers to give lavender to each other to express their love. During this period, Charles I of England was also an affectionate man. In pursuit of Nell Gwyn, he tied a bag of dried lavender with a golden ribbon and gave it to his lover.

This is the lavender kingdom in early summer. Legend has it that a girl met an injured handsome young man while picking flowers, and the girl who fell in love at first sight left home to heal. On the day of recovery, two people who love each other cannot be separated. Due to the opposition of her family, the girl is going to elope with her lover's hometown full of roses. Before leaving, in order to test each other's sincerity, the girl scattered a lot of lavender to the young men according to the method of the old woman in the village. Suddenly, the purple smoke rose and the young men disappeared, leaving only "in fact, I am your heart to travel." Soon, the girl disappeared with the light smoke.

Provence is a love poem, and no one can stay here without moving.

As for folk customs, lavender is used to perfume the bride's dress. However, in Ireland, locals will tie lavender to a bridge and pray for good luck. It is said that putting a small bag of dried lavender on your body can help you find your dream lover.

When you are separated from your lover, you can hide a twig of lavender in your lover's book. At the next party, look at the colors and smell lavender, and you will know how much your lover loves you.

Lavender flowers can be sprinkled on the wedding, which can bring you a happy marriage.