Adjust air flow balance

1, engine system (automobile engine system)

firebox

After the piston reaches the top dead center, the space between the piston top and the cylinder head, where the fuel burns.

Compression ratio

The total volume of the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom dead center is divided by the total volume of the piston at the top dead center (combustion chamber volume), and the obtained value is called

It's compression ratio.

connecting rod

Connecting rod connecting crankshaft and piston in engine

Cooling system (cooling system)

A system that eliminates excess heat of the engine by circulating coolant to prevent overheating. In a water-cooled engine,

Comprises a water jacket, a water pump, a water tank and a thermostat.

crank case

The lower part of the engine is where the crankshaft runs, including the lower part of the cylinder block and the oil pan.

boss rod

The main rotating part of the engine, after installing the connecting rod, can undertake the up-and-down (reciprocating) motion of the connecting rod and turn it into circular (rotating) motion.

Crankshaft transmission

Gear or key gear installed at the front end of crankshaft is usually used to replace camshaft gear, chain or toothed belt.

cylinder block

The basic structure of the engine, on which all engine accessories are installed, including the upper half of the engine cylinder and the crankcase.

cylinder head

Engine cover and parts for closing steam gap, including water jacket, valve and radiator.

Explosion (detonation)

For the impact or explosion of flame, in the combustion chamber of spark ignition engine, the compressed air-fuel mixture will spontaneously ignite.

Then, part of the unburned mixture is ignited for the second time (after the spark plug is ignited), thus making a crackling sound.

Replacement mint

In a certain cycle of engine operation, the ability to send all air and mixture into all cylinders also refers to a kind of life.

The displacement of a piston from one stroke to another.

Engine (engine)

A machine that can convert thermal energy into mechanical energy: a device that can burn fuel to produce mechanical energy; Sometimes visible

This is an engine.

fan belt

Crankshaft-driven belts are mainly used to drive engine fans and water pumps.

Buoy oil level

In the float chamber of carburetor, when the float floats against the needle valve and blocks the oil inlet, the oil level will be high.

Height.

four cycle

Air intake, compression, power and exhaust. Four strokes make a complete cycle.

bed down the livestock

A material made of paper, rubber or copper, placed between two planes to strengthen the seal.

Gear lubricant (gear lubricant)

Oil for lubricating gears, usually SAE90 oil.

Thermal control valve

The thermostat valve in the engine exhaust manifold can reduce the thermal conductivity of exhaust gas before the engine reaches the normal operating temperature.

Intake manifold.

Knock (knock)

The metal impact sound with the engine speed is usually caused by the looseness or wear of bearings.

Main bearing (main bearing)

A bearing that supports the crankshaft in an engine.

Pressure in pipeline

The pressure in the intake manifold when the turbocharger works.

manifold vacuum

Refers to the vacuum in the intake manifold, that is, the vacuum generated by the cylinder during the intake stroke.

food tray

Located in the lower part of the engine: the seal can be removed from the axle box as the shell of the oil storage tank.

Oil filter (oil filter)

A device that can filter dirt when oil passes through.

oil pump

In a lubrication system, a device that presses oil from the oil pan into the moving parts of an engine.

Sonic boom (Ping)

The knocking phenomenon caused by engine acceleration is caused by too much advance of ignition timing or too low octane number of fuel.

Piston (piston)

Movable parts installed in the cylinder can receive or transmit power when the pressure changes. In the case of an engine, this means in the cylinder.

A circular part that slides up and down inside and forces the crankshaft to rotate through a connecting rod.

Piston pin

A tubular metal block to which a piston or connecting rod can be connected.

Piston ring

There are two kinds of rings inserted into the piston groove: compression ring and oil ring. The compression ring can be used to seal the compressed air in the combustion chamber.

Qi; The oil ring is used to scrape off the excess oil on the cylinder.

Pressure tank cover

The water tank cover with valve can keep the cooling system at a higher or more effective temperature under pressure.

Radiator; radiator

In the cooling system, a device that can remove hot air from the cooler, that is, absorb the overheated coolant of the engine and cool it at low temperature.

A device that delivers liquid to an engine.

Spark plug

It consists of two electrodes and an insulator, which can provide spark ignition for the engine steam box.

Discharge inspection

A method for quickly checking the ignition system. First, put the metal end of the high-voltage line near the 6mm position of the steam hood, and then start the engine.

Check for sparks.

Supercharger (supercharger)

In the intake system of an engine, the pump pressurizes the incoming air or the air-fuel mixture ratio. This increases the combustible fuel.

Quantity, and improve the engine power.

Thermostat (thermostat)

It is an automatic temperature regulating device, which usually includes a temperature sensing element to open or close air, gas or liquid by expansion or contraction.

The flow of the body.

Turbocharger (turbocharger)

Superchargers driven by engine exhaust usually increase horsepower by 25~30%.

two-stroke cycle

In a two-stroke cycle engine, fuel enters, compresses, burns and discharges in sequence between two piston strokes.

Valve clearance

Clearance between rocker arm and top of valve stem of overhead camshaft engine. In a valve mechanism, the gap between closed valves.

Valve timing (valve timing)

Determine the opening or closing time of the valve according to the piston position.

air valve

The valve control mechanism of the engine includes parts from the camshaft to the valve.

vibration absorber

The device connected to the crankshaft causing the impact is used to counteract the torsional vibration of the crankshaft (i.e., the crankshaft is twisted due to the impact of cylinder ignition).

Phenomenon).

wastegate

The control device in the turbocharger can limit the pressure rise to avoid the damage of the engine and the pulley supercharger.

water jacket

Refers to the space between the cylinder block and the inner shell and outer shell of the cylinder head, in which the coolant circulates.

water pump

In the cooling system, the function of the water pump is to keep the coolant circulating between the engine water jacket and the water tank.

2. Drive line system

F.f. vehicle (front engine and front drive)

Refers to the vehicle with front engine and front wheel drive. At present, this device is mostly used in cars. Its advantage is light acceleration transmission.

Fast and high-speed driving has good linearity and can increase the interior space. The disadvantage is that the front half of the vehicle is heavy, which increases the burden on the front wheels.

And the left and right transmission shafts are easy to be damaged, which increases the maintenance cost.

F.R. vehicle (front engine and rear drive)

Represents a front-engine rear-wheel drive vehicle. Its advantages are more durable transmission system, better climbing performance and lower maintenance cost.

Low, the disadvantage is that the interior space is small and the acceleration is not light.

clutch system

It is a mechanism that transmits or intercepts the power from the engine and is used to intercept the connection with the transmission mechanism.

Start the engine, or stop the engine in a rotating state, or change the gear of the transmission mechanism, or continue the clutch.

Drive slowly, and so on.

Flywheel (flywheel)

At one end of the crankshaft, the device is a heavy-duty wheel disc made of cast iron, which transmits the rotating force during the explosion stroke and is absorbed by the flywheel at one time.

The storage and supply can make the crankshaft rotate smoothly in the next power stroke, and the gear ring on the outer ring can be used for swinging when starting.

For the engine, the back is in contact with the clutch plate and becomes a part of the clutch assembly.

Clutch disc, clutch)

As a medium to transfer engine power to gearbox.

Hydraulic clutch system (cable control system)

A special steel rope is used to connect the pedal and the release lever as a connecting rod mechanism for cutting or connecting.

Manual transmission (manual transmission)

The transmission mechanism requiring clutch operation can change the torque of the engine according to the change of the driving resistance of the vehicle, so that the vehicle can

Drive normally.

Automatic transmission (automatic transmission)

There is no device for operating the clutch mechanism of the gearbox, and the operating mechanism has no selector with P (parking).

R (reverse), N (neutral), D (high speed), L (low speed) and other marks.

Speedometer drive

Every car must be equipped with an instrument indicating the number of revolutions of the axle, so that the driver can pay attention to the speed at any time. It is usually installed in

The cab is used to display the situation, and the other end is connected with the output shaft of the gearbox.

Synchronous meshing transmission

Generally used for manual transmission, before the gears are engaged, the two gears are contacted by the friction cone mechanism arranged on them.

The gears rotate to the same level before meshing, and then the gear boxes are meshed at the same time, usually in the first gear to the second gear, and the first gear.

This device is only available in second to third gear, or third to fourth gear, but it is not used for reverse gear.

Planetary gear system (planetary gear system)

It belongs to the gear group in automatic gearbox, such as the gear composed of solar system movement, including sun gear, planetary gear,

The gear ring and planetary carrier are controlled by hydraulic pressure, and various reduction ratios can be obtained by selection.

Speeding (speeding)

The speed of the output shaft of the gearbox exceeds the engine speed, which can reduce fuel consumption, noise and vibration.

That device. Commonly known as the O/D gear, that is, the fifth gear, this device is also installed in the automatic gearbox.

Differential (differential)

The different rotational speeds required to transmit the rotational power of the propulsion shaft to the left rear wheel and the right rear wheel enable the car to steer freely.

Gear device.

Universal joint (universal joint)

Power can be transmitted to two shafts at a certain angle, including two Y-yokes and a cross-shaped structure called a cross-shaped frame.

Pieces.

expansion joint

The two shafts are connected with an outer bolt groove and an inner bolt groove. The bolt groove can not only make the two shafts rotate together, but also make them move along the shaft.

The limited movement of the wire can cope with the change of the length of the transmission shaft.

drive shaft

Generally, the accessories of circular objects that can be moved or rotated by connecting or assembling various accessories are all made of light alloys with good torsion resistance.

Made of steel pipe.

four-wheel drive

Many cars and some trucks use four-wheel drive, that is to say. The power of the engine can be transmitted to four wheels, so the vehicle

You can drive cross-country, climb steep slopes and even drive on rough or muddy ground.

axle

It is mostly used in front-wheel drive cars, which can not only transmit the power of the gearbox to the left and right front wheels, but also cooperate with the rotation.

Change the angle.

3. Brake system

Service braking system (service braking system)

The brakes commonly used when a car is running are all operated by feet, so it is also called foot brake. The driver pressed the brake pedal.

After that, the braking force is transmitted to the braking device of the wheel through machinery or hydraulic pressure to generate friction.

Parking brake system (parking brake system)

Parking brake, also known as hand brake, is a braking device to prevent the vehicle from sliding when parking. Generally installed on the transmission shaft.

Intermediate braking type and direct control rear wheel braking type.

Master cylinder and wheel cylinder.

The main supporting component of hydraulic brake has an oil tank for storing brake oil above it and a piston in the oil tank below it. piston

It is the brake pedal in the oil cylinder, and then the push rod moves to transfer the brake oil pressure in the oil cylinder to each wheel cylinder. It is also a hydraulic brake.

Device, brake cylinder arranged on each wheel.

dynamic brake

The engine vacuum and oil pressure are used to control the booster to supplement the braking force for braking.

Brake lining (brake)

Friction materials attached to the braking surface of brake shoes are usually fixed by rivets in large cars, but used in small cars.

The adhesive is pressed and pasted.

brake shoe

The brake cam or push rod presses the drum outwards, and the accessories with braking function are similar in shape.

Like half a month.

Drum brake (drum brake)

It consists of brake base plate, brake cylinder, brake shoes and other related connecting rods, springs, pins and brake drums. At present, only GM

Generally used for rear wheels.

Disc brake (disc brake)

Metal blocks (discs) are used instead of drums, and flat brake shoes are arranged on both sides of the brake disc as the oil pump of the brake master.

The pressure is transmitted to the cylinder, so that the brake shoe is stuck on the brake disc to achieve the braking effect. At present, it has been widely used in front wheels, including

Advanced cars are equipped with four-wheel disc brakes, which are sensitive in function and good in heat dissipation. There is no need to adjust the brake gap during maintenance.

Simple.

brake fluid

The liquid used in the hydraulic braking system is called brake oil, which must have no chemical effect and be unaffected by high temperature.

Rubber will not be affected by corrosion, softening and expansion. At present, DOT3, DOT4 and DOT5 are adopted.

4. Rim, tire)

Wheel tread

Refers to the part of the tire tread that touches the ground. In order to prevent skid and dissipate heat, there are many patterns on the tire tread.

Tubeless tire (tubeless tire)

There is no inner tube in the tire, but the tire itself has an inner tube structure, and the tire is filled with air, which has been widely used at present.

Replace the wheel with an inner tube.

Tire inner tube

It is made of high-quality rubber, filled with air to support the weight of the car and installed in the tire. Cars are used less now, but they are bigger.

Trucks are still widely used.

tire size

The tire size is printed on the tire wall and can be expressed in two ways, such as 34*7 or 7.50-20. The former is a high-pressure tire.

The latter is a low-pressure tire. There are also many signs, such as D for light vehicle, F for medium vehicle and G for standard.

H-type, L-type and J-type are used for large luxury and high-performance cars. If r is printed on the sidewall, such as 175R 13, it indicates the wheel.

The tire is a radial tire with a width of 175mm(6.9 inches). It is mounted on a wheel with a rim diameter of 13 inch (330mm) and is usually carved.

Put the word radial on it.

wheel flange

The rims used by most vehicles are made of steel and welded by pressing, while the current rims are made of steel and welded by pressing.

At present, tubeless tires are accurately manufactured and assembled by the outer ring of steel ring.

Aluminum alloy steel ring (aluminum ring)

Light weight, easy processing, integral casting, not easy to deform, and diverse appearance. At present, it is widely used and has the characteristics of fuel saving and heat conduction.

Good, uniform intensity distribution, reduce rolling noise.

Wheel balance (wheel balance)

It is one of the inspection items of tires in front wheel alignment. If the tire is not balanced, it will cause the vehicle to sway from side to side when driving.

The vibration jumped up and down, and the steering wheel shook, making the driver's seat extremely uncomfortable. Heavy lead blocks must be hung on both sides of the steel ring.

, make it balanced.

Front wheel alignment

For the front wheel of the car, in order to give consideration to the convenience of operation and the safety of driving, and reduce tire wear, various items are stipulated in the design.

Angles, namely toe-in, camber, camber, caster and steering angle, have been adopted by vehicles in recent years.

The wheels are suspended independently, and the rear wheels also have toe-in and camber, which increases the stability and comfort of driving, so there is rear wheel positioning.

Side slip tester

When the car is driving 1 km, the meter that the car leans sideways, that is, m/km, is generally not more than 3-5m/km. vehicle

The cause of side slip is the result of poor adjustment of toe-in, camber angle and caster angle of kingpin, so the supervision station carries out vehicle safety inspection.

When checking, only the slip value needs to be measured.

5. Automotive electrical system.

Starting motor (starting motor)

An electric motor that drives a gear to shake or start an engine.

Electromagnetic switch

A small switching device that is opened and closed by the movement of the electromagnetic coil core. Its core can also lead to mechanical effects, such as transmission.

The moving pinion engages with the gear of the flywheel to start the engine.

Halogen headlamp

A spotlight with halogen in the bulb is brighter than an ordinary headlight.

Fuel level indicator

It is divided into two parts: the meter body installed on the dashboard of the cab and the oil meter installed on the fuel tank.

oil pressure gauge

Known as the oil gauge, it indicates the oil pressure in the engine. As for the amount of oil in the oil pan, it needs to be beside the engine.

Dipstick measurement. Nowadays, most cars use warning lights instead of oil pressure gauges.

Compressor (compressor)

Components of the air conditioning system can detect the compression of coolant vapor to increase its pressure and temperature.

capacitor

The components of the air conditioning system can quickly transfer the heat in the pipeline to the air near the pipeline, most of which

The car is placed in front of the water tank.

Reservoir and dryer.

Installed between the condenser and evaporator, * close to the condenser, for storing liquid refrigerant and absorbing water in the refrigerant.

Put it down.

Refrigerant (refrigerant)

In an air conditioning system, a substance that transfers heat through evaporation and condensation. Commonly known as freon.

Freezing oil

When performing air conditioning work, the lubricating oil of moving parts in the air conditioning system must be refilled.

Alternator (alternator)

In automobile electrical system, a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Therefore, it can be charged to the battery and provided to each.

The power of electrical appliances.

Regulator (regulator)

In the charging system, a device that can control the voltage output of the alternator to prevent the voltage from being too high.

Battery acid

Electrolyte used in batteries: It is a mixture of sulfuric acid and water.

battery voltage

According to the number of battery plates, each plate is 2.1v. Generally, 12V battery has six plates.

ignition coil

In the automobile ignition system, it can convert the battery voltage (12v) into the high voltage required for ignition and combustion of the spark plug.

Distributor (distributor)

The high and low piezoelectric switch stations of the ignition system can connect or disconnect the circuit leading to the ignition coil, and then generate high electricity.

Pressure distribution of spark plug in each cylinder.

Ignition switch (ignition switch)

The switch of the ignition system (usually with a key) can freely open or close the main circuit of the ignition coil, and is also suitable for

Other circuits.

Spark plug

It consists of two electrodes and an insulator, which can provide the spark ignition gap of the engine cylinder.

Rotor (rotor)

The parts in the distributor rotate with the distributor shaft, and a thin metal sheet is used to send high voltage electricity to the spark plug.

6, Steering System (steering system)

Steering linkage (steering linkage)

This device is used to connect the steering knuckle of the steering wheel with the steering gear, so that when the steering wheel rotates, the front wheel can swing from side to side.

a party

steering gear

The gear fixed at the lower end of the steering gear shaft and the gear assembled on the steering arm are collectively referred to as. The rotation of the steering wheel can be converted.

Linear motion of the pull rod. There are two basic steering gears: the rotary ball type and the rack-and-pinion type.

Circulating ball steering gear

This kind of steering gear adopts internal circulation beads, which greatly reduces the contact friction between the nut and the screw, making the driver

It is light and convenient to operate the steering wheel.

Power steering (power steering)

The power steering system used in automobiles is basically an improvement of the manual steering system, and its main purpose is to increase the power.

Help the driver.

7. Suspension system

leaf spring

Bend a flat rectangular steel plate and stack several chassis springs, one end of which is installed on the hanger with a pin and the other end.

One end is connected to the girder with a lifting lug, so that the spring can expand and contract. At present, it is suitable for medium and large trucks.

Coil spring

Coil spring is the most widely used spring in independent suspension device, which is coiled into a spiral shape with spring steel.

Torsion bar spring

One end of the torsion bar is fixed on the frame, and the other end is connected with the wheel through the arm. When the wheel jumps up and down, the torsion bar twists and turns.

Using elastic force to absorb vibration, it has simple structure and small occupation position, and is suitable for small cars, but the material is better.

stabilizer rod

The stabilizer bar is horizontally installed between the frame and the control arm, and its function is to reduce the movement of the suspension system and the body swing, especially

When the car turns, the car body will tilt due to the centrifugal force, and the anti-torsion effect of this rod is enough to reduce the car.

External degree.

Shock absorber (shock absorber)

The need for a shock absorber is due to the fact that the spring cannot be stabilized immediately, that is, it will remain after the spring is compressed and released.

After a period of time, it stretches and contracts, so that the shock absorber can absorb the vibration caused by the uneven road surface and make the ride comfortable.

Suitable.

Front suspension

The front suspension system enables the front wheels to move up and down and absorb road vibration, but it must also enable the wheels to swing left and right.

The car turned. Except for large trucks, most vehicles have generally adopted independent suspension devices, and the left and right wheels are irrelevant.

Act independently.

Rear suspension

Generally, the rear suspension system of vehicles will use leaf springs or spiral springs, but now cars also use leaf springs or spiral springs to make them comfortable to ride.

Independent suspension system, like the front suspension system, can make four wheels independent to reduce tire wear and run smoothly.

Yes, rear wheel alignment is required.

Automatic level control device (automatic level control)

The automatic horizontal control system is specially designed to cope with the change of the load at the rear of the automobile. If there is no car with automatic level control behind,

If it is heavier, the rear will sink, which will change the handling characteristics of the car and raise the headlights.

8. body

Total length (total length)

Length from front bumper to rear.

overall width

Maximum width of car body from left to right.

total height

Height from the ground to the highest point of the car body.

rail

Distance between left and right center lines of front wheels.

wheelbase (of a vehicle)

Distance between the center of the front axle and the center of the rear axle.

Induction baking

Bake the painted surface with heat generated by static electricity and electromagnetic induction.

9. Others

Three-way catalytic converter

Rhodium and other catalytic converters are used to limit the content of pollutants such as HC, Co and nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas.

exhaust system

Refers to the system for collecting and discharging waste gas, including exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe, muffler, tailpipe and vibrator.

* * * Vibrator (resonator)

A muffler-like device can reduce exhaust noise.

Vapor-liquid separator

The device in the evaporative gas emission control system can prevent liquid fuel from flowing into the engine through the steam pipe of the activated carbon tank.

Electronic fuel injection system

A system that can regularly inject fuel into an engine and measure engine oil.

Oxygen sensor (oxygen sensor)

One of the exhaust pipe devices can measure the oxygen content in the exhaust gas and send this signal to the ECU as a regulator through a voltage signal.

Overall mixing ratio reference.

Perceptron (sensor)

Any device that can receive and respond to signals, such as voltage change, temperature and pressure change, electronic fuel injection system.

Each brand uses more than 6 to 10 sensors.

Electric fuel pump

Supply excess oil to the oil separator to maintain the working pressure of the injection system; Generally installed near the fuel tank.