Who became famous after death? domestic

Zhou Enlai was born in1March 5, 898. His real name is Yu Xiang. Nickname, chaos. Used to be Feifei, Wu Hao, Shaoshan, Guan Sheng, etc. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, I was born in Huai 'an, Jiangsu.

19 13 entered Tianjin Nankai Middle School.

19 17 Studying in Japan.

1965438+returned to China in 2009. Participated in the May 4th Movement in Tianjin, organized the Enlightenment Society, and engaged in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary activities.

1920 to 1924 went to France and Germany to work and study, promoted Marxism among China students and European workers, and initiated the organization of the China Youth Production Party (later renamed the China Socialist Youth League).

1922 joined the China * * * production party (introduced by Zhang Shenfu and others), served as the European branch secretary of the China Socialist Youth League, participated in the leadership of the European branch of China * * *, and played an important role in the early party building and league building.

/kloc-0 returned from Paris in August, 1924, and served as the director of the political department of Huangpu Military Academy, the director of the political department of the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army, the chairman, standing committee member and minister of Guangdong and Guangxi Military Departments, and presided over the establishment of the revolutionary armed Ye Ting Independent Regiment under the direct leadership of the Party.

1February 925 and 10/October, led the first and second expeditions to the east, and made great contributions to consolidating and developing Guangdong revolutionary base areas and carrying out the northern expedition.

1926 taught military courses in Guangzhou peasant movement workshop, and went to Shanghai in the winter of the same year as secretary of the Central Military Commission and secretary of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Military Commissions.

March 1927 led Shanghai workers to win the third armed uprising; In August, he led the Nanchang Uprising, fired the first shot at the Kuomintang reactionaries, made important contributions to the founding of the People's Army, and served as secretary of the former enemy committee of China. In the same month, he was elected as Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the August 7th meeting.

1928 attended the sixth national congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), where he gave a report on military and organizational issues. After that, he insisted on underground work in Shanghai, served as director of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and secretary of the Central Military Commission, and published Resolutely Eliminating All Non-proletarian Consciousness in the Party and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Instruction Letter to the Front Committee of the Fourth Front Army.

193 1 12 after entering the central revolutionary base area, he served as secretary of the c.o. of the central Soviet area, general political commissar of the Chinese workers and peasants red army and political commissar of the first army, and vice chairman of the central revolutionary military commission.

1in the spring of 933, together with Zhu De, he led and commanded the fourth war against "encirclement and suppression" and won a great victory.

At Zunyi Conference, he firmly supported Mao Zedong's correct line and played a very important role in establishing Mao Zedong's leading position in the whole party. After the Zunyi meeting, he still served as the vice chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and a member of the three-member Central Military Command Group.

1936 1936 In February, he was appointed as the plenipotentiary of Zhong * * * and went to Ann to negotiate with the arrested Chiang Kai-shek, thus peacefully resolving the An Incident. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he served as the representative of the Central Committee and secretary of the Nanfang Bureau, and served as the deputy director of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the Kuomintang government. He worked for the party and the United front in Wuhan and Chongqing, where the Kuomintang government was located.

1in August, 945, he and Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to negotiate with the Kuomintang. After the signing of the agreement on October 10th, he led a delegation to stay in Chongqing and Nanjing.

1946165438+10 returned to Yan 'an from Nanjing.

1in March, 947, when the Kuomintang troops attacked the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, they moved to northern Shaanxi. In August of the same year, he served as vice chairman and acting chief of staff of the Central Military Commission.

1September, 948, participated in the three major battles of Liaoshen, Ping Jin and Huaihai. In the same year 10, he served as the vice chairman and chief of staff of the Central Military Commission, 165438, and made immortal contributions in overthrowing the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, seizing political power by force, and creating a new socialist China.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as Prime Minister, Foreign Minister (concurrently), Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Vice Chairman of the First China People's Political Consultative Conference, and Chairman of the Second and Third Sessions. He is a member of the Fifth Central Committee, a member of the Sixth to Tenth the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, a secretary of the Sixth and Seventh Central Secretariat, a member of the Standing Committee of the Eighth to Tenth Political Bureau of the Central Committee, a vice-chairman of the Eighth and Tenth Central Committees and a representative of the First to Fourth National People's Congress.

When dealing with the daily affairs of the party and the country, he worked with Mao Zedong to formulate the line, principles and policies of the party's socialist construction; He personally presided over the formulation and implementation of several five-year plans for the development of the national economy. 1960 put forward the policy of adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement, and adopted a series of measures to restore and develop the national economy smoothly. It also points out that the vast majority of intellectuals in China are intellectuals of working people, and science and technology play a key role in China's modernization and are of great significance to socialist construction. In international affairs, he participated in formulating and personally implementing major diplomatic decisions, put forward a series of specific principles and policies for diplomatic work, and creatively implemented the party's revolutionary diplomatic line. 1954, he advocated the famous five principles of peace. 1In April, 955, he led a delegation from China to attend the first Asian-African Conference, which contributed to the adoption of the Ten Principles of the Bandung Conference based on the Five Principles of Peace. 196 1 attended the 22nd Congress of the Soviet Union and fought resolutely against Khrushchev's act of splitting the international capitalist movement. During the Cultural Revolution, he took care of the overall situation and worked hard. In order to continue the normal work of the party and the state, he tried his best to reduce losses, protect a large number of cadres inside and outside the party, and waged various forms of struggle against the conspiracy of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary clique. At the Fourth National People's Congress, on behalf of the Party, he put forward a grand plan to realize the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology in an all-round way in this century and make China's national economy walk in the forefront of the world. 1972 He has been working since he was ill.

1976 65438+ died in Beijing on1October 8th at the age of 77.

The main works are compiled into Selected Works of Zhou Enlai.

Mrs Deng Ying Chao.

all

Zhuge Liang (played by Tang Guoqiang) and Ge Liang (181414 ~ 234.8.28) in the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms, whose real names were Kongming, Wolong and Langxie Yang Du (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), Han nationality, were outstanding in the Three Kingdoms period. Premier Shu Han. Shi Yue is loyal to Wu Hou.

personal data

Body: Eight feet long (about 1.84 meters), with extraordinary appearance and different people in different times (from Zhuge Liang Collection by Chen Shou, see the attached page of Zhuge Liang Biography of Three Kingdoms).

Official position: the prime minister appointed a captain, Yizhou pastoral record, Shangshu holiday.

Title: Hou of Wuxiang

Ancestor: Zhuge Feng (a captain of Li Si in Han Dynasty)

Father: Zhuge Jue (Cheng of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty)

Mother: Zhang

Uncle: Zhuge Xuan.

Spouse: Huang Yueying

Brothers: Zhu Gejin (brother) and Zhuge Jun (brother)

Children: Zhuge Zhan (parent-child) Zhuge Qiao (adopted son, actually the son of the eldest brother).

Grandson; Zhuge Shang (see the eldest son) Zhuge Jing (see the second son) Zhuge Pan (son Joe, later sentenced to Zhuge Ke, copied the same door, so it belongs to Zhu Gejin)

Great-grandson: Zhuge Xian (Pan Zi)

Cultivate Nanyang

In the second year of Jian 'an (AD 197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother are farming in Longzhong. Zhuge Liang loves to read Fu Liang's songs on weekdays, and often compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. People didn't agree with him at that time. Only his friends Xu Shu, Cui, Shi Tao believe in his talent. Known as "Wolong". Make friends with Jingzhou celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; Ugly girls with yellow heads and blackheads, but they are all worth matching. I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can rival yours. ) "Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and immediately married her. At that time, people played it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly girl."

Longzhongdui

At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Later, when I visited Si Mahui, I heard him say, "Confucian scholars and laity,

Do you know current events when you see the thatched cottage? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Long Fu and Feng Chu. Those Confucian scholars are all people with shallow knowledge. How can they know the current situation? A hero is one who can understand current events and situations. At this time only Long Fu (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong). Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted Xu Shu to introduce him. Xu Shu said, "This person can meet, but he can't compromise." The general should have left for nothing. This person can go to see him, but he can't condescend to it. The general should condescend to visit each other. )"

Liu Bei personally visited Zhuge Liang and met Zhuge Liang three times (he said he met Zhuge Liang all three times). Liu Bei told others to avoid him and asked Zhuge Liang, "The Han Dynasty is dead, the traitor stole his life, and the Lord was covered with dust." Lonely, I don't want to believe (extend) the meaning above the world, but wisdom is short-lived, so I use it wildly. As for today. However, the ambition is still not over. Do you think the plan will be safe? Now that the Han Dynasty is in decline, treacherous court officials are holding the emperor to make the princes and emperors lose power. I didn't measure my virtue and ability, and wanted to save the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy were short-lived and insufficient, so I often failed today. But my ambition has not yet come true. Do you have any strategies to help me? ) "Liang replied:" Since Dong Zhuo came, there have been heroes, and countless people have crossed the state and even joined the county. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name and few people. However, exercise can overcome salt, and people who overcome strength with weakness are not limited to the weather, but also others. Today, there are millions of people in Cao Cao, holding the emperor to make the princes. This sincerity cannot compete with him. Sun Quan, who lived in Jiangdong for three generations, was once attached to the country and endangered the people. He can be used by sages, but he can help but not benefit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a place to use, but its owner can't keep it. This is a land given by heaven and the land of generals. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, and the people are rich, but they don't know how to take care of the soldiers and civilians. Therefore, a wise man thinks of a wise man. The general is not only the imperial palace, but also loyal to the four seas, commanding heroes, thinking wise men and thirsty generals. If there are advantages and interests spanning, he will protect his rock resistance, help the westerners, help the southerners, send Sun Quan abroad, and repair politics internally; When the world changed, he ordered a general to send Jingzhou troops and Wan and Luo, and the general led Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. How dare the people not eat kettle pulp to meet the general? If that's the case, we can think of everything, and the Han Dynasty can flourish. The general wants to be king. Let Cao Cao occupy the sky in the north and the land in the south. The general can occupy people and peace. " (Zhuge Liang then told him the plan of three-point world, and analyzed the situation that Cao Cao was not desirable and Sun Quan could help; It also expounds that Jing and Yi monarchies are weak, and only by owning these two States can they win, indicating the necessity and possibility of capturing these two States. He also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This theory was later called Longzhong Dui (Longzhong Dui is still controversial, it is said that Cao Lu Dui), and Liu Bei was even more full of praise after listening to it, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei). Liu Bei often talks with him, and the relationship is getting closer and closer. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were greatly displeased. Liu Bei explained to them: "There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish. May you say nothing more. I have Kong Ming, just like fish has water. I wish you would stop talking about it. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped complaining.

Make a statement about crossing the river.

At that time, due to the influence of Liu Qi's stepmother, Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang for advice on self-defense several times, but Zhuge Liang often refused. At a banquet, Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang to tell him the solution by taking the ladder from home. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Don't you know that Shen Sheng is in danger now and Zhong Er is safe outside? Shen Sheng has not been seen in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is at stake. Can Zhong Er be safe outside? ) "Liu Qi knew what he meant, but Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia Prefecture.

In August 2008, Liu Biao died of illness and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After learning the news of Fancheng, Liu Bei led the army and civilians to flee to the south. Cao Jun chased Liu Jun in Changsaka, Dangyang, and Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Cao's army. Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. Before Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chai Sang and made friends with Lu Su. After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy. "If you can compete with the people of wuyue and China, it is better to give up early. If we can compete with the people of wuyue and the Central Plains, it is better to break diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible. )"; Another option is to use the provocation method. "If not, why not put the case in the north!" If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north! "North" has a double meaning here: First, Cao Cao is in the north; The second is that when the monarch and the minister meet, the officials generally face the north. )"

Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei had backbone and would never surrender to show Sun Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei had left to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 10,000 soldiers in the army and Guan Yu's water army, plus more than 10,000 soldiers in Jiangxia, Liu Qifan. Let's talk about Cao Jun's tiredness from afar. He chased Liu Beishi and rode a light bicycle for more than 300 miles a day and night. It is precisely "a spent force, it is impossible to wear Lu Tao"; Moreover, northerners do not learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's defeat is certain. Sun Quan was very happy, and then he was lobbied by Lu Su and Zhou Yu and decided to unite with Cao. Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and Lu Su were sent to lead 30,000 water troops to fight against Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army. 165438+ In October, Cao Cao defeated Chibi and returned to the north.

Adequate food, weapons and equipment

After Battle of Red Cliffs, in June+February, 65438, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan, appointed Zhuge Liang as a military commander, lived in Lin Xuan, and ordered Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha to adjust taxes to enrich military assets. 2 1 1 year, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang asked Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others guarded Jingzhou. In 65438+ February, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify counties and counties, and forming a capital with Liu Bei. By 2 14, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received 500 Jin of gold, 50 million yuan of silver 1000 Jin, and 0/000 pieces of brocade/kloc-0, and was appointed as a strategist and general, in charge of the general's office. Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with adequate food and clothing. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, he provided resources for Liu Bei. In 220, Cao Pi usurped Han independence. In 22 1 year, ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was killed, and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to declare himself emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor. So Liu Beicai agreed to let Zhuge Liang remember the history of the prime minister and have a holiday. In the same year, Zhang Fei died and Zhuge Liang became a captain.

(usually a dying emperor) entrusted his youngest son to (usually a minister)

In August 222,

Liu Bei, an orphan entrusted by Bai Di, was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou in the Eastern Expedition and retreated to Yongan. Zhuge Liang lamented that the law would soon be abolished, or Liu Bei's crusade would stop. In February 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill, and Zhuge Liang was called to Yong 'an to entrust Li Yan with handling the affairs. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If he is incompetent, you can bear it yourself. Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to achieve great things in the end. If the adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself. ) "Zhuge Liang said with tears:" I dare to report the Loyalty Day with my strength and then die! I will try my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die! ) "Liu Bei asked Liu Chan and other sons to treat Zhuge Liang as their father.

In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening a yamen. Soon, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou pastoral administration, and Zhuge Liang decided. It turned out that South China took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Soochow to repair it.

south

Until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold cymbal and a curved cover. He advocated one before and one after, with 60 warriors. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: the barren land is today's northern border of Myanmar, bhamo) to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang took the advice of joining the army in Ma Su, focusing on the policy. First, he defeated Lv Yong's army, then captured Meng Huo seven times, and settled the chaos in the world in autumn (see Zhuge Liang's southern expedition for details). After the Shu Han settled in the south and obtained some supplementary troops, after a long period of accumulation, they had the foundation of the Northern Expedition.