What is the standard?

Question 1: What kind of instrument is a standard watch? what is the purpose? Solution definition: astronomical instrument for measuring the length of noon shadow. It consists of a watch placed vertically and a GUI placed horizontally in the north-south direction of the watch base. It is an astronomical instrument for measuring the length of the sun shadow in ancient China, which consists of a turtle and a watch. The benchmark and pillar for measuring the sun's shadow standing upright on the flat ground are called watches; The rigid plate used to measure the length of the surface shadow in the direction of due south and due north is called Gui. A ghost watch consists of a vertical watch (usually eight feet high) and a horizontal watch. The main function of a standard watch is to determine the position of the winter solstice, and then determine the length of the tropical year. In addition, we can also determine the direction and solar terms by observing the changes of surface shadows.

Question 2: What's the difference between a sundial and a sundial? A sundial is also an instrument for observing the time of the sun shadow. The difference between a sundial and a sundial is that the sundial determines the season, the number of days in the whole year and the winter solstice according to the length of the sun's shadow, and calculates the calendar in a short direction. The application of sundial is to specify the time or minutes according to the position of the sun's shadow. It is a common time measuring instrument in ancient China.

Question 3: Guibiao is one of the important astronomical instruments in ancient China, including what and what. The upright part of Guibiao is called Guiping, and the flat part is called Guiping.

Question 4: What does it mean to extend the world? Buddhist terms are out of use now. The imperial edict said: I only reward you for your merits, faithfulness, showing the glory of the world, thinking and praising, and making a final ceremony. Shenshen machinery, with nylon. Yi, the first-class governor of Liangjiang, who was a university student, gave Zeng Guofan as a teacher, was honest and upright, created his own school of ci, repeatedly failed to do things, paid attention to Cao, wrote books and made statements, and became Chen Shan. The value of Huang Hua's load is endowed, and he will return to China when he hears of Fengmu. Suddenly, the neighbors were shocked by the frequency of fighting and the pond was stolen. Being brave and unfilial, Mr. Mo is happy. Outstanding achievements are recorded in Jianghuai, and Yong Guang is famous for its jade and silk. Give you a balanced position and hold the honor of the military government. First-class reward, tin Hou sealed in the belt; Two wheels dragged feathers and floated in the clouds. Re-lock the key and act as the north gate. It's better for the police to benefit the south. People want to live for seven more years. Do you intend to leave a chapter to talk about it? Lao Ji suddenly thanked him and was shocked! Give Jintang a generous gift and send an important official to give up. The proper name was changed to Shang Shi and given to a teacher. It was enshrined in Zhao Zhong and Xianliang, and a special shrine was built in Zhu Xiang, Jinling. Yi Zhang contains textual research and is specially awarded. Heaven will never give up, and he will always praise Chen Yuan. People can be redeemed to send scriptures. The spirit is not ignorance, but it was inherited by Kachin.

Question 5: Evolution of standards. In ancient times, people worked at sunrise and rested at sunset. From the day when the sun rises and sets regularly, they intuitively felt the relationship between the sun and time, and began to determine the time through the position of the sun in the sky. But it's hard to be precise. According to records, three thousand years ago, Zhou Gongdan, the prime minister of the Western Zhou Dynasty, set up an instrument in Dengfeng County, Henan Province to determine the time by measuring the length of the sun shadow, which was called a standard watch. This should be the earliest timer in the world. Of course, the earliest standard watches were simple shapes with the stem and the earth GUI separated from each other. At present, the earliest physical object of this kind of watch was unearthed from the remains of Taosi Temple in Xiangfen, Shanxi Province in the Xia Dynasty or before, with a residual length of 2 14cm and lacquered red wood. Another earthenware with a residual length of 1.7 1.8 cm, with blue, red and black wood paint, has two parts: yin and yang. It is known that the original method of calculating summer heat should be based on yin and yang, which embodies the traditional concept that the shadow of the sun is beneficial to yin and yang. The ancient Chinese character "Gui" is an objective and realistic method for ancestors to set tables and calculate the future. This simple watch has developed its foundation in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and its shape has been quite perfect after further improvement in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It was not until the Western Han Dynasty that permanent watches built in the open air began to appear. This musical instrument is made of bronze. It is eight feet high and one foot three feet long. Because it can't be disassembled at will, the length of the ruler can be lengthened, which is suitable for observing the shadow length of the winter solstice at noon in heaven and earth. Obviously, it is convenient to read the shadow length value at noon on any day of the year on such a standard table. This combination of attribution and watch has been transformed into a standard watch that people are used to calling. The model of this standard watch was unearthed in the Eastern Han Tomb in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province, but its size was only one tenth of that at that time. Around 1279, Guo Shoujing, an outstanding astronomer in Yuan Dynasty, designed and built a landscape observatory in Gaocheng Town, Dengfeng, Henan Province, which is the earliest existing ancient observatory in China. The whole observatory is equivalent to a standard for measuring the shadow of the sun. The towering tower is equivalent to a pole standing on the ground, called a "watch". There is a structure similar to a long dike under the stage, which is equivalent to a ruler for measuring the length. It is called "Gui", also known as the celestial ruler. There is a 9.46-meter-high platform on the tower building, on which there are two huts, one with a leaky kettle and the other with an armillary sphere, with a beam in the middle. The measuring square on the ground is 3 1. 19 meters long and is located in the direction of true north. Every noon, the shadow of the sun's rays on the beam is projected on the ruler. By measuring the change of shadow length in a year, the length of 1 year can be determined. The accuracy of measuring time of standard meter is proportional to the length of meter. This huge "standard meter" greatly improves the measuring accuracy.

Question 6: What is a "standard watch"? What does "Gui" mean? What does "table" mean? The watch is an ancient astronomical instrument, which is used to measure the length of the midday sun shadow. In fact, the sundial was developed on its basis. It consists of two parts: rules and tables. The benchmark and pillar for measuring the sun's shadow standing upright on the flat ground are called watches; The rigid plate used to measure the length of the surface shadow in the direction of due south and due north is called Gui. A ghost watch consists of a vertical watch (usually eight feet high) and a horizontal watch. The main function of a standard watch is to determine the position of the winter solstice, and then determine the length of the tropical year. In addition, we can also determine the direction and solar terms by observing the changes of surface shadows. As early as the 7th century BC, China began to use it. For a long historical period, the accuracy of the tropical year determined by China ranks first in the world. Through further research and calculation, ancient scholars also mastered the length of the sun shadow in the standard table of 24 solar terms. In this way, the standard table can not only be used to formulate festivals, but also be used to list the dates of the twenty-four solar terms in the future solar calendar and almanac as an important basis for guiding agricultural activities. For details, the landlord can check the "standard table" of Baidu Encyclopedia.

Question 7: What kind of instruments are scales and sundials? what is the purpose? baike.baidu/view/4 1639、

baike.baidu/view/4 1644。

Question 8: How is the watch timed? The gauge is an astronomical instrument for measuring the length of the sun shadow in ancient China, which consists of two parts: the gauge and the gauge.

A long time ago, people found that houses, trees and other things would produce shadows under the sunlight, and the changes of these shadows had certain rules. So he erected a pole or pillar on the flat ground and observed the change of the shadow. This pole or pillar is called a "watch"; You can know the time by measuring the length and direction of the shadow with a ruler. Later, I found that the shadow of the table was always cast to the north at noon, so I laid a ruler made of slate on the ground, perpendicular to the vertical table. One end of the ruler is connected to the foot of the table, and the other end extends to the true north direction. This ruler made of slate is called a reed. At noon, the shadow was cast on the slate, and the ancients could directly read the length of the shadow.

After long-term observation, the ancients not only learned that the shadow at noon in a day was the shortest, but also concluded that the shadow from summer to the sun was the shortest at noon in a year. At noon from winter solstice, the sun shines obliquely and the shadow is the longest. So the ancients used the length of the noon shadow to determine the solar terms and the length of a year. For example, the longest value of surface shadow is measured twice in a row, and the number of days between the two longest values is the length of one year. No wonder the ancients in China have long known that a year is equal to more than 365 days.

On the existing stargazing platform in Dengfeng, Henan Province, the 40-foot-high platform and 128-foot-long ruler are also a huge standard. Yizheng copper watch

The earliest existing standard in China. 1965 Unearthed from the Eastern Han Tomb,No. 1 Shibei Village, Yizheng City, Jiangsu Province. Guibiao is an instrument for observing astronomical phenomena in ancient China. In different seasons, the direction of the sun and the height at noon are different, with periodic changes. Put Guiping in the open air to the north of the table, measure, compare and calibrate the Sunday and anniversary changes of the sun shadow according to the shadow on Guiping, so as to determine the direction, measure the time, find out the anniversary constant, divide the seasons and make a calendar. Therefore, mapping is one of the main observation methods in ancient astronomy in China. Yizheng copper standard is 34.5 cm long, 1.5 feet in Chinese, and the size unit is engraved on the side; The height of the watch is 19.2 cm, which is 8 inches in Chinese. Guiyu and the watch are connected by a pivot, which makes them integrated. When in use, the watch stands vertically on the turtle tail; Usually, the watch can be folded into the space left in the GUI body, which is convenient to carry. According to tradition, the height of a watch is 8 feet; This value has been used for a long time. The height of the meter is just 8 feet110, which shows that it is a portable measuring instrument, which can prove that the observation by the permanent observatory with 8 feet at that time is credible. Gauge consists of gauge and gauge: gauge is a flat scale, and gauge is an upright post, which is placed at both ends of gauge and perpendicular to gauge. When the sun shines on the watch, the shadow of the watch appears on Guiyu. According to the shadow, direction and length, the time can be read. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the time between the longest and shortest shadows in two consecutive days was measured with a standard table, and the length of the tropic year was calculated.

Most watches are made of copper. 1965, a pocket watch was unearthed in a tomb in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province. It consists of 19.2cm long watch and 34.39 cm long watch. The watch can be placed flat in the box through the pivot connection. The watch can be opened and closed freely and is easy to carry. It is a masterpiece of close cooperation between designers and foundries.

The time measurement accuracy of the standard instrument is proportional to the length of the instrument. Guo Shoujing, an outstanding astronomer in Yuan Dynasty, designed and built a landscape observatory in the place where he visited Duke Zhou. It consists of a 9.46-meter-high platform and a long building tiled northward from the groove in the north wall of the platform. This platform is equivalent to a solid watch, and there is a "protractor" on the ground of Taipei, that is, Shi Gui. This huge "standard" greatly improves the measurement accuracy.

Time is measured by a standard table, which lasted until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. At present, a standard watch at Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory was made during the Ming Dynasty (1437- 1442).

In ancient times, people worked at sunrise and rested at sunset. From the day when the sun rises and sets regularly, they intuitively felt the relationship between the sun and time, and began to determine the time through the position of the sun in the sky. But it's hard to be precise. According to records, three thousand years ago, Zhou Gongdan, the prime minister of the Western Zhou Dynasty, set up an instrument in Dengfeng County, Henan Province to determine the time by measuring the length of the sun shadow, which was called a standard watch. This should be the earliest timer in the world.