Introduction of great cold solar terms

Introduction of great cold solar terms

According to the introduction of the great cold solar terms, the great cold is the last solar term among the 24 solar terms, and it is also the solar term that indicates the degree of cold weather. The great cold is the coldest solar term in a year, and a new cycle begins after the great cold. Let's take a look at the introduction of the great cold solar terms.

Introduction to the Great Cold 1 In ancient China, the Great Cold was divided into three periods: "First, chicken milk; Second, the symptoms of bird disease; Three times, the water is strong. " In other words, chickens can be hatched in the cold solar terms.

Falcons, such as eagles, are in the state of "New Year Pictures of Qing Dynasty", with strong predation ability, hovering in the air to find food to supplement energy to resist the cold; In the last five days of the year, the ice in the water has frozen to the center of the water, and it is the strongest and thickest.

Great cold, as opposed to slight cold, is a solar term representing the degree of cold weather. It is called the Great Cold because it is "extremely cold" (to quote the words of Li San Zong Yi in "Give Time to Pass"). It is the last of the 24 solar terms in China. After the great cold, a new year's solar cycle is ushered in.

As the saying goes: "When flowers and trees control the season, birds sing to report the farming season." Flowers, trees, birds, beasts and birds all move with the seasons, so their regular movements are regarded as an important symbol to distinguish seasonal solar terms.

The phenological characteristics of the great cold in the Yellow River Basin are "chicken milk, which lures birds to be seriously ill, and Shui Ze strengthens the abdomen", which means that after the great cold, the yang is obviously increased, and chickens can be hatched (as far as the current situation is concerned, chickens can only be hatched in suitable months).

Birds are carnivorous birds such as eagles, which often hover at high altitude to catch food and replenish energy to resist the cold in cold season. The cold ground temperature drops to the lowest point, the ice layer in Hanoi reaches the thickest, and children can enjoy skating on the river. In addition, the Hua Xinfeng symptoms of severe cold are "Daphne, Orchid and Alum (born in Jiangnan)". It can also be used as an important sign to judge the severe cold.

Introduction of Great Cold Solar Terms 2 Great Cold Solar Terms Climate

Like slight cold, great cold is also a solar term representing the degree of cold weather. Modern meteorological observation records show that in most parts of China, severe cold is not as good as mild cold; However, in some years and a few coastal areas, the annual minimum temperature will still appear in the severe cold solar terms. In the severe cold season, the average temperature in most parts of southern China is 6℃ to 8℃, which is nearly 65438 0℃ higher than slight cold. The proverb "slight cold and severe cold, cold into a ball" shows that the severe cold solar term is also a cold period of the year. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to do a good job in the cold protection of crops, especially to protect livestock from wintering.

For some crops, a proper low temperature is necessary in a certain growth period. Wheat and rape with strong winterness need lower temperature through vernalization stage, otherwise they cannot grow and develop normally. Most of southern China is warm in winter all year round. Wheat and rape sown too early often grow too vigorously, bolting in advance, and their cold resistance is greatly weakened, which makes them vulnerable to low temperature frost. It can be seen that selecting crop varieties according to local conditions, sowing and planting in time and taking effective measures to promote and control are important links to win high yield.

Slight cold and severe cold are the periods with the least rainfall in a year. During the cold solar term all the year round, the rainfall in most parts of the south only increased slightly compared with the previous period, with 5 ~10mm in most parts of the south and only1~ 5mm in the mountainous areas of the northwest plateau. During the winter drought in South China, the water consumption is small, and the contradiction between supply and demand of farmland water is generally not prominent. However, "if you are bitter and cold, don't complain about the rain and snow. Snow is reserved for next year's wheat." In the case of scarce rain and snow, it is undoubtedly beneficial to the growth of wheat crops to water in different areas according to different farming habits and conditions.

Introduction of severe cold solar terms 3 introduction of severe cold customs

During the severe cold season, there is still less farm work in various places. What should be introduced in the great cold custom is that people in the northern region are busy accumulating fertilizer and compost to prepare for the spring; Or strengthen the cold and antifreeze of livestock. In the southern region, the field management of wheat and other crops is still strengthened. There is a custom of catching voles in Lingnan area of Guangdong Province in combination with severe cold. Because the crops have been harvested at this time, the nests of voles that are usually invisible are exposed, and the great cold has become an important opportunity for Lingnan to focus on eliminating voles. In addition, the people of the whole country also use the change of cold climate to predict the rain and food abundance in the coming year, which is convenient for arranging farming as early as possible. For example, it rains in February and March in severe cold weather (Guangxi), farmers have plenty of food and clothing in severe cold weather (Jiangxi), people are uneasy in severe cold weather (Fujian), severe cold and snow will create a bumper year (Guizhou), and severe cold will lead to windless drought.

The severe cold solar terms often coincide with the end of the year. Therefore, in such a solar term, people in the village say that in addition to doing farm work according to the solar term, they also have to travel around for the New Year, buy new year's goods, write Spring Festival couplets, prepare all kinds of sacrificial supplies, sweep the dust and clean up, uncover old cloth to prepare new year's goods, pickle all kinds of sausages and bacon, or cook new year's dishes such as chicken, duck and fish. At the same time, sacrifice ancestors and various gods to pray for good weather in the coming year. In the streets of the old cold season, people often rushed to buy sesame stalks. Because "sesame blossoms are getting higher and higher", on New Year's Eve, people scatter sesame stalks on the way outside for a walk, so that children can crush them, which is homophonic "stepping on the old". At the same time, the homonym of "crush" and "old" means "peace all the year round" and won a good New Year greeting. This also makes the great cold drive away evil and welcome auspicious festivals more intense.

After the slight cold, 15 is a severe cold, which is also the last of the 24 solar terms in the whole year. Although the weather is cold at this time, it will not be as cold as it is from heavy snow to winter solstice because it is near spring. At this time, people are busy throwing away old decorations, pickling new year's dishes and preparing new year's goods, because the Spring Festival, the most important festival for China people, is coming. Northerners also have a very important day, Laba, which is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. On this day, people cook a pot of sweet and delicious Laba porridge with whole grains, peanuts, chestnuts, red dates and lotus seeds, which is an indispensable staple food for people in the New Year.

According to the custom of severe cold in China, especially in rural areas, people are busy removing old cloth, curing new year's vegetables and preparing new year's goods during the severe cold festival. During the period from the Great Cold to beginning of spring, there were many important folk customs and festivals. For example, sumptuous food, kitchen sacrifices and New Year's Eve, and sometimes even the Spring Festival, the biggest festival in China, are all in this solar term. The cold solar term is full of joy and festive atmosphere, and it is a cheerful and relaxed solar term. Tail teeth originated from the custom of worshipping the earth god as "teeth". The so-called second day of February is the first tooth. From now on, every second and sixteenth day is the "tooth", which happens to be the tail tooth on the 16th day of the twelfth lunar month. For example, on February 2nd, Weiya has spring cakes (called Runbing in the south). On this day, buyers and sellers will hold a banquet, and boiled chicken is an essential dish at the banquet. It is said that whoever the head of a chicken faces means who the boss will fire next year. Therefore, some bosses now generally aim at their heads, so that employees can enjoy delicious food and have a stable year after returning home.

In the cold winter, Nanjing people's daily diet is more stew and soup. The great cold custom is to introduce the great cold around September of the lunar calendar, and the traditional 191 chicken diet custom is still respected by many citizens' families. Nanjing people choose old hens, or stew them alone, or add ginseng, medlar, black fungus and so on. Drinking chicken soup in cold winter is really a pleasure. In the twelfth lunar month, old Nanjing also likes to make soup, and soup dishes can be seen everywhere, with different practices. For example, the soup in the north tends to be thick, the soup in the south tends to be light and delicate, while the soup in Nanjing takes the long taste of the north and the south, which is neither too thick nor light, but fresh or sweet when it is fresh. Another reason why Nanjing people like to drink soup in winter is that raw materials are easy to get, complex and simple, valuable and cheap. Minced meat, tofu, yam, fungus, sweet potato, mustard tuber, etc. Can be made into hot soup, add some coriander and white pepper to make it warm.