What are the principles of health preservation in spring, summer, autumn and winter?

According to the theory of five elements, Huangdi Neijing is centered on the five internal organs of the human body, and the five colors are matched with the five internal organs, namely green, red, yellow, white and black. Red governs the heart, green governs the liver, yellow governs the spleen, white governs the lung and black governs the kidney. So there are those healthy foods all year round? What are the benefits and health of eating separately in spring, summer, autumn and winter? One: Spring: the bud of spring. Eating spring buds in spring is a gift from nature. Huangdi Neijing, a classic work of traditional Chinese medicine, says to "eat the old valley", which means to eat seasonal food. In spring, all plants will produce fresh buds, including many edible spring buds, such as Toona sinensis, bean sprouts, garlic sprouts, bean sprouts and so on.

Spring leek: spring, early adopters, the first spring leek. In spring, the climate is suddenly cold and warm, so it is necessary to maintain the yang. Leek is the most suitable for human yang. Leek contains essential oil, protein, fat and vitamins, and has the functions of invigorating stomach, refreshing and strengthening kidney. Spring leek is the best among leeks, and it tastes particularly delicious. Its roots are as white as jade, its leaves are as green as jade, and its fragrance is rich. There are many ways to eat spring vegetables, which can be served with meat, eggs, shrimp, cuttlefish, etc., and can also be used as stuffing for steamed dumplings. Add some spring leeks when frying mung bean sprouts or dried tofu, which is especially fragrant and delicious.

Spinach detoxifies and prevents spring dryness: spinach is also eaten in spring. Spinach is available all year round, but it is better to eat in spring. The roots of "Spring Spinach" are red and green, fresh and tender, and the most delicious. Spinach listed in spring is quite beneficial to detoxify and prevent spring dryness. Chinese medicine also believes that spinach is sweet and cool, which can nourish blood and stop bleeding, astringe yin and moisten dryness. Because spinach contains more oxalic acid, which hinders the absorption of calcium and iron, it should be blanched with boiling water before frying.

Onion and garlic sterilization helps Chunyang: Onion, ginger and garlic are not only good seasoning, but also have important medicinal value, which can stimulate appetite, help Chunyang, and also have the effect of sterilization and disease prevention. Spring is the most abundant, tender, fragrant and delicious time of the year.

Spring bamboo shoots: When it comes to eating spring, you have to mention spring bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots are crisp and delicious, and can chew out fragrance and sweetness, so they are known as "the first vegetarian food". If meat eaters are contemptuous, eating bamboo shoots is just the opposite. The taste of bamboo shoots is so elegant and meaningful. Su Dongpo once said: "Without bamboo, it is vulgar, and without meat, it is thin. If you think well, you won't lose weight. You will shoot cook the meat every day. " Chinese medicine believes that spring bamboo shoots have the effects of "benefiting nine orifices, dredging blood vessels, resolving phlegm and promoting fluid production, and promoting digestion and abdominal distension".

1, the first tea in spring: rose, "the response of spring, the way to keep healthy." The focus of "eating spring" is not only "eating" but also "drinking". The first tea in spring, flowers and tea-are familiar roses. Rose tea is mild in nature, and has the functions of promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation, soothing the liver and regulating qi, balancing endocrine, regulating the liver and stomach, relieving fatigue, strengthening physique, etc. It is suitable for drinking in spring. In addition, rose tea with the reputation of "relieving depression" can also make your mood "cloudy and sunny". Not only that, rose tea can also be beauty beauty, which helps to improve dry skin, eliminate pigmentation and improve skin color. 2, spleen tonic, big red dates: people have more outdoor activities in spring than in winter, and their physical energy consumption is greater, and the required calories are increased. But at this time, the spleen and stomach are weak and the digestive ability of gastrointestinal tract is poor, which is not suitable for eating greasy meat. Therefore, heat can be properly supplied by sweets. Jujube is such a good way to replenish spleen in spring. 3, into the spleen to nourish blood longan dry: longan dry is suitable for calming the nerves of liver and blood deficiency, people with poor blood circulation, easy to sleep well in spring, no spirit. Dried longan can replenish the spleen, the spleen and stomach are full, and liver blood and liver qi are also sufficient. People who can't sleep well at night and get dizzy easily can eat more. However, people who are often thirsty, easy to get angry and have a hot constitution should eat less. 1 day It is recommended not to eat more than half a palm.

Two: In summer, eat more bitter food. In three meals a day, pay attention to eat more bitter food. Bitter food is not so delicious in taste, but it is healthy food in summer. Alkaloids contained in bitter food have pharmacological effects such as relieving summer heat, promoting blood circulation and relaxing blood vessels. Eating bitter gourd, bitter vegetables or drinking bitter drinks such as beer, tea, coffee and cocoa in dog days can not only clear people's inner troubles, refresh their minds, but also stimulate appetite, strengthen the spleen and benefit the stomach. Pay attention to vitamin supplementation. In high temperature season, human metabolism is accelerated, and it is easy to lack various vitamins. At this time, you can selectively and quantitatively supplement some vitamins, preferably complementary food. You can choose some foods rich in vitamins and calcium, such as watermelon, cucumber, tomato, beans and their products, animal liver and kidney, shrimp skin and so on. And you can drink some juice. Don't forget to add salt and potassium. If you sweat more in summer, more salt will be lost in your body. Therefore, we should pay attention to eating more salty food to supplement the salt lost in the body and achieve the balance needed by the body. In addition, excessive sweating can also lead to excessive loss of potassium ions in the body. The specific symptoms are burnout and loss of appetite. Fresh vegetables and fruits contain more potassium, so you can eat some fruits such as strawberries, apricots, lychees, peaches and plums in moderation, and vegetables such as green vegetables, green onions, celery and edamame are also rich in potassium. Tea contains a lot of potassium. Drinking more tea in summer can not only cool off the heat, but also supplement potassium, killing two birds with one stone. Summer diet should be based on the principles of nourishing, strengthening the spleen, relieving summer heat and eliminating dampness, and choose light and nourishing yin foods, such as duck meat, crucian carp, shrimp, lean meat and edible fungi (mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, tremella, etc. ) and coix seed. Eating summer medicine porridge in summer is not suitable for tonic. Eating tonic food in summer is easy to make people uncomfortable, so mutton is not suitable, especially for people with high blood pressure. It is best to eat more vegetables, less greasy, and pay attention to eating more foods that can clear away heat and relieve summer heat, such as mung bean porridge, bean porridge, lotus leaf porridge, mint porridge and other "summer medicine porridge". "Red light" food is hot in summer, and people's appetite often misleads people's diet, which leads to satisfying the sense of taste and bringing diseases. Therefore, to be healthy in summer, we should pay more attention to eating less or not eating inappropriate food.

2, eat less cold food When the climate is particularly hot, eating some cold food or drinking some cold drinks will make people feel comfortable, and can also play a certain role in driving away summer heat and cooling down. However, these foods should not be eaten too much. Eating too much bean jelly and porridge is easy to hurt your stomach. Ice cream, ice bricks, etc. Made of milk, egg powder, sugar, etc. And it is not suitable for excessive consumption, otherwise it will easily lead to gastrointestinal temperature drop, irregular contraction, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms. At present, there are many kinds of drinks on the market, but the nutritional value is not high, so it is better to drink less. If you drink too many cold drinks, it will also damage the spleen and stomach, affect your appetite, and may even lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction. Eat fruit in moderation. From the point of view of nutrition, many basic nutritional needs of human body-carbohydrates, minerals, protein, etc. -you can't just eat fruit to satisfy. Taking fruit as the staple food for a long time will easily lead to insufficient intake of protein, which will have adverse effects on the endocrine system, digestive system and immune system of human body. Some young friends like to eat only fruit to lose weight in summer, which is actually not very scientific. Eating fruit alone will not only lead to many diseases, but also because most fruits contain enough sugar, so long-term intake in large quantities will not achieve the effect of losing weight. Avoid eating raw aquatic products. Aquatic products are nutritious and delicious, and the taste of raw food in summer is also first-class. However, seafood such as grilled shrimp, clam, blood clam, clam, drunk shrimp, drunk crab, salty crab and so on. , there is a big security risk. Because seafood contains many parasites, if eaten without high temperature disinfection, it is easy to get sick.

Many people think that food that has not been heated or cooked at high temperature will not lose its nutrients, and it is best to eat it raw. In fact, foods such as vegetables and fruits are better eaten raw, and the nutrients such as vitamins and fiber will not be missing. But eat raw vegetables and fruits, be sure to wash them clean, because now vegetables and fruits contain pesticides. Pay more attention to prevent cross-infection of raw and cooked food in family meals, so never put cooked food in containers or plates that have been filled with raw seafood and raw meat and have not been cleaned. Pay special attention to the timely refrigeration of cooked food in summer. Usually, the storage time of cooked food at room temperature should be controlled within two hours. Food should be cooked and eaten now, and raw fruits and vegetables should be washed and disinfected. If the food has rotted, deteriorated and deteriorated, it is easy to cause symptoms such as diarrhea, and it is best not to eat it. When making cold salad, add garlic paste and vinegar, which can not only flavor, but also sterilize and increase appetite. After the food is taken out of the refrigerator, it is best to leave it at room temperature 10~20 minutes before eating, because it is too cold when it is just taken out. For the elderly and children, their spleen and stomach are weak and vulnerable.

Autumn: In autumn, most people tend to eat too much because of the pleasant climate and abundant food. Eating too many calories will turn into fat accumulation, which will make people fat. As the saying goes, it is called "long autumn fat", which is not pleasant to hear. Autumn diet, we should pay attention to the right amount, can not indulge appetite, eat and drink.

2. Theoretically, it is considered that autumn is dry, and "hemp should be eaten to moisten dryness". In the Yellow River valley of China, the autumn climate becomes sunny and dry, and it is advocated that it should be wet rather than wet. How to do this? First of all, we should eat less pungent and spicy foods, such as peppers and peppers, and eat more fruits and vegetables, such as wax gourd, radish, zucchini, eggplant, green leafy vegetables, apples and bananas. In addition, Chinese medicine also believes that autumn belongs to harmony and everything converges, so it advocates "eating spicy food to disperse". Is to avoid the accumulation of all kinds of damp and hot gas. Because all spicy foods have the function of emitting, it is recommended to eat some spicy foods such as celery. As the weather turns from hot to cold in autumn, the physiological metabolism of human body changes to adapt to this change. Pay special attention to the diet not to be too cold, so as not to cause gastrointestinal indigestion and various digestive tract diseases. Therefore, the proposition that "autumn should be warm" is put forward, that is to say, in autumn, we should avoid eating cold food and eat more warm food.

In autumn, the weather is getting colder and colder, and people's mouth, nose, skin and other parts often appear different degrees of dryness. Therefore, we should eat some foods that produce saliva and moisten dryness, and eat less spicy and fried foods. Foods suitable for autumn consumption are: lily: clearing the heart and calming the nerves, eliminating fatigue, moistening dryness and relieving cough; Yam: It is characterized by neither heat nor dryness, and is suitable for men, women and children, healthy and weak. Lotus root: raw lotus root can clear away heat, promote fluid production and quench thirst, while cooked lotus root can strengthen the spleen and stimulate appetite. Therefore, there is a saying that "lotus roots should be cooked in summer and autumn, raw food should be fresh and tender, and cooked food should be old and strong"; Chestnut: it has the functions of strengthening spleen and stomach, tonifying kidney and strengthening bones; Walnut: it can warm the lungs and relieve asthma, but also replenish qi and nourish blood, moisten dryness and moisten intestines; Peanut: When peanuts are ripe in late autumn, it is advisable to use raw flowers or broken flowers to make soup or cook, and it is not advisable to fry them. Jujube: Eating jujube in autumn is beneficial to lung and qi. If it can be stewed with tremella, lily and yam, the effect will be better. In addition, pears, water chestnuts, jellyfish, carrots, shepherd's purse, Pleurotus ostreatus, kelp, tomatoes and rabbit meat are also suitable for autumn consumption, while Astragalus, Ginseng, Adenophora adenophora, Lycium barbarum and Polygonum Multiflori are suitable for tonic. The main climate characteristics of autumn are dryness, lack of water in air and human body. However, drinking boiled water alone cannot completely resist the negative effects brought by autumn dryness. In ancient China, there was a good diet to deal with autumn dryness: "Salt water in the morning and honey soup at night." In other words, drinking boiled water is easy to lose water. If you add a little salt to boiled water, it is not so easy to lose water. Drinking salt water during the day and honey water at night is not only a good way to replenish human body's water, but also a good diet for health preservation and anti-aging in autumn. At the same time, it can also prevent constipation caused by autumn dryness, which really kills two birds with one stone.

In the dry season in autumn, we should also pay attention not to eat or eat less spicy barbecue foods, such as pepper, pepper, cinnamon, ginger, onion, wine, etc., especially ginger. These foods are hot and lose a lot of water in cooking, so they are easy to get angry after eating. Of course, a small amount of onion, ginger and pepper as seasoning is not a big problem, but don't eat it often, eat more. For example, ginger contains volatile oil, which can accelerate blood circulation, and contains gingerol, which can stimulate gastric juice secretion, excite intestines and promote digestion. Ginger also contains gingerol, which can reduce the occurrence of gallstones. Such a "warning" also appeared in ancient medical books: "Don't eat ginger in autumn within one year; Don't eat ginger at night for one day. " It seems reasonable not to eat or eat less spicy food such as ginger in autumn, which has long attracted the attention of the ancients. Autumn is the season when people are most likely to get fat. This is because after beginning of autumn, the weather is getting colder, people's appetite is getting bigger, and it is much more comfortable to rest at night. In leisure time, a tired body would rather rest quietly than take part in activities that consume a lot of physical strength. In this way, most of the calories consumed by the human body every day exceed the calories consumed, which makes the fat accumulate bit by bit. If you don't adjust, people will gain a lot of weight after autumn and winter. Year after year, people will soon get fat. What's more, obesity not only hinders people's physical beauty, but also brings "civilized diseases" such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and cerebral arteriosclerosis, which must not be "indulged".

Chestnut porridge can replenish qi, be steamed and fried separately, and be eaten without skin, which not only tastes good, but also has high nutritional value. The first frost is the last solar term in autumn, followed by "beginning of winter". As the saying goes, "it is better to make up the first frost than the winter." Qiubu eats both mutton and rabbit meat. As a fashionable food, fruit is well known. But fruits can also be used as a supplement, such as pears and persimmons in autumn. In autumn, besides not being frozen, the core problem is the choice and collocation of diet, including the following aspects: daily breakfast in cold and warm weather, warm food, such as jujube and ginger porridge, walnut kernel, sweet almond, grapes and so on. There are also soybean milk, Hu spicy soup, mutton soup, vinegar cabbage, sugar and garlic. Eliminating dampness and expelling wind In case of rainy and humid weather or wet body in loose stool, we should increase the diet for dispelling wind and removing dampness, such as rice, lentils, adzuki beans, coix seed, lotus seeds, chestnuts, onions, ginger, pepper, fennel, clove and pepper. Moisturizing and nourishing yin When the weather is dry or dry, you should choose a diet that moistens and nourishes yin. This diet can enhance immunity, and you can choose whole wheat flour, wheat kernels, bean sprouts, soybean milk, peanuts, sesame seeds, sweet potatoes, yams, pumpkins, radishes, Chinese cabbage, lotus seeds, lilies, fungus, pears, apples, grapes, medlar, jujube, sweet almonds and so on. Convergence of yang can be restrained by properly adding sour food such as hawthorn, Schisandra chinensis and persimmon vinegar in the diet. If the weather is not cold and you don't catch a cold, you should use as little or no food as possible to relieve sweating, such as green onions, ginger, peppers and mustard greens.

Winter: Winter is a cold season. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that winter tonic is closely related to balancing yin and yang, dredging meridians and harmonizing qi and blood. Due to the decline of physical function and low resistance, it is more appropriate for the elderly to take supplements in cold seasons. This can improve the nutritional status, enhance the immune function of the body, promote the recovery of the sick body and so on, showing the irreplaceable role of drugs. Tonifying in winter should conform to nature, pay attention to nourishing yang and give priority to nourishing. According to the principle of "deficiency is tonic, cold is warm" in traditional Chinese medicine, we should eat more warm food, especially warm and kidney-yang food, in order to improve the cold tolerance of the body. In winter, "food supplement" should provide food rich in protein, vitamins and easy to digest. Optional food: cereals such as japonica rice, indica rice, corn, wheat, soybeans and peas; Leek, coriander, garlic, radish, day lily and other vegetables; Mutton, dog meat, beef, chicken, eel, carp, silver carp, hairtail, shrimp and other meats; Oranges, coconuts, pineapples, lychees, longan and other fruits. Dog meat and mutton are the best tonic for the elderly in winter. Old people take 1 small glass of ginseng wine or astragalus wine every morning, which can prevent cold and promote blood circulation. Frail elderly people; In winter, eat stewed hens, lean meat, tendons, and drink milk and soybean milk. Can enhance physical fitness. Cutting beef into small pieces, adding yellow wine, onion and ginger, stewing in casserole, eating meat and drinking soup have the effects of invigorating qi, quenching thirst, strengthening tendons and bones and nourishing spleen and stomach. Old people who are deficient in Yang Can boil mutton and radish together, then remove the radish (that is, remove the fishy smell of mutton), add Cistanche deserticola 15g, Morinda officinalis 15g and Lycium barbarum 15g, and eat mutton and soup together, which has the function of strengthening yang and warming the body. Modern medicine believes that winter tonic can improve human immune function, promote metabolism and improve the phenomenon of chills. Tonifying in winter can also regulate the metabolism of substances in the body, so that the energy converted from nutrients can be stored in the body to the maximum extent, which is helpful to the rise of yang in the body and lays a good foundation for health in the coming year. As the saying goes, "September makes up for a winter, and the next year is disease-free", which is the truth.