How much do you know about the new planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza?

How much do you know about the new planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza? 1, ploughing and fertilizing

As far as possible, select soil with excellent irrigation, pH close to neutral, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline for planting, apply1.5-20,000 mu of ring fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer, tamp the chemical fertilizer, spread it in the ground, plough it deeply for 30-40cm, and carefully rake it flat to make a border with a width of 90cm.

2. Breeding mode

Common propagation methods include seeds, cuttings, fiber cuttings and root segments, among which the yield of root segment propagation is high, and the key to production and manufacturing is root segment seedling raising and fiber cuttings propagation.

Seed seedling: after the seeds are perfected in July and August every year, the seeds are collected and sown immediately. In the leveled border, the row spacing is 12- 15cm, and a ditch with a depth of 1.5cm is opened, then the seeds are mixed with sand and evenly scattered in the ditch, and finally the soil is filled up and slightly pressed. If the soil layer is mild, it can germinate in 10- 15 days after planting. Generally 1- 1.5 kg is used for 1 mu. When the seedlings grow to 9- 12cm, they need to be transplanted into the soil. When raising seedlings, one row should be placed every other plant, and the rest seedlings should sprout according to the number of 9- 12 cm plants. According to the row spacing of 24-30cm, the number of plants is 9- 12cm, 9cm deep pits are dug, and about 2-3 plants are planted in each pit. After planting, water it, loosen the soil and tie it tightly after the water seeps down, which can improve its survival rate. You can also choose the way of direct broadcast room from July to August of a year, and furrow according to the row spacing of 24-30cm, which is basically the same as seed seedling. 1 mu of seeds is about 1- 1.5 kg. If it is just planted, it only needs to be watered and fertilized immediately, and the whole process grows well. Generally, by the end of the second year, the yield per mu can reach about 250 kilograms.

Fiber cutting: When Salvia miltiorrhiza is excavated in early spring or late maturity over the years, its roots are cut off for medicinal use. According to the natural growth and development, the big reed head can be divided into 3-4 plants, and the small reed head can be divided into 1-2 plants or not, generally staying 3-6cm above the root (the stem must be cut off in autumn). Finally, the reed heads were planted in a flat border field, with the row spacing of 24 cm, the number of plants of 265,438+0 cm and the same depth as the original field. Water immediately after planting, and the soil will be loose and dense after water seeps out. If the residual flowers are planted, they will not sprout years ago. Covering each pier with 6-9 cm thick soil can not only prevent floods and droughts, but also prevent people and animals from trampling on seedlings. After planting fiber in early spring, you should loosen the soil tightly and water it immediately, so that you can plant live.

Propagation of root segments: When harvesting Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in early spring, that is, before and after the solar term, choose a place sheltered from the wind and rain in Chaoyang, and dig an item with a depth of 30cm, a width of 130cm and an indefinite length to the nursery pond. The pond is covered with a layer of mule manure or wheat bran as brewing heat, with a thickness of 6-7cm, and then covered with a layer of sand or cinder, soil mixed fertilizer or manure mixed soil with a thickness of 10~ 15cm. Build a protective wall around the nursery pond with adobe or brick, which is high in the north and low in the south. Before and after the solar term, choose thick, bright red roots, and choose new roots with a thickness of 0.5- 1cm and no pests and diseases. It is best to plant roots in the upper and middle parts of the roots, comb them into fertilizer, and then cut them into 6-7 cm long root segments. In the standard area, the lower roots can be soaked in 50ppmABT rooting agent saturated solution for 2 hours and then inserted vertically or slightly obliquely in the nursery pond, with the number of plants being 1.5-2.5cm, and the upper and lower roots cannot be reversed. Roots propagated by root segments and stored in the old lady's body can be planted in the field by inserting fibers in the street.

After insertion, cover the soil with a thickness of 1cm and pat it flat. Then spray water with warm water of 30~40 degrees, pour it once, and then cover it tightly with plastic film. Forest poles or bamboo poles can be erected on the pond wall to avoid the occupation of plastic films. In order to avoid the ultra-low temperature or cold wave at night, you can cover the grass curtain to ensure that it is not covered in the morning and covered at night. Nursery ponds should maintain moderate land resources, and watering should be carried out in warm and sunny mornings as far as possible. It is best to pour warm boiling water and cover it with plastic film immediately after watering. The temperature of the nursery pond is always kept at 20~25 degrees. Unearthed cultural relics can germinate after 20 days of planting seedlings, and new buds will be exposed after 30 days. If the temperature in the pool is higher than 30℃, it is necessary to ventilate naturally immediately (generally, it is enough to untie the plastic films on both sides). When the seedlings grow to 2-3cm high, choose a warm and sunny afternoon, untie the plastic film and dry the seedlings. Plastic film still needs to be covered at night in the cold areas of northern China, but not in coastal areas. Seedlings can be planted when they are 6-9 cm tall. Transplanting time is often around the solar term in Grain Rain, and the total seedling raising period is generally 40-50 days.

Street-side direct seeding room for root segments: Choose 0.5- 1cm thick and bright red roots, and sow them on the street with good conditions, so as to ensure that the upper side of the roots is upward, which can germinate in advance and improve the benefits. A row of 20*25cm, 1 mu of fresh roots is 35-50kg. When planting, you should plant at a discount, and you can't cut it.

3. Cultivation techniques

Crouching seedlings: after the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings turn green, they should often turn over the soil and hoe shallowly. Generally, it is not watered, which is convenient for the roots to go deeper and make the new long roots grow downward, and there are fewer fine main roots and chemical fiber roots, which is beneficial to improve the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Lifting irrigation: Before transplanting Salvia miltiorrhiza test-tube slow-release seedlings, the edges should be kept moist to ensure the survival rate. Generally do not water after planting. If the ground is planted with fiber roots, it must be watered with frozen water in spring. Drain the pipeline immediately in rainy season to prevent root rot, and water it properly after fertilization.

Fertilization: Generally, before closing the ridge in rainy season, 30kg of urea solution, 5kg of compound fertilizer 1 mu or 20kg of diammonium phosphate can be applied topdressing. In the middle and late stage of root-cutting propagation of Salvia miltiorrhiza, basal fertilizer should be applied to promote bumper harvest.

Bud picking: In June-July every year, in addition to keeping seeds, flowers and bones will be picked immediately.

4, access to production and processing

Seed propagation method usually takes 2-3 years to obtain, but it can be harvested in 1 ~ 2 years if fiber insertion method is selected. As long as the whole planting process is properly managed, 1 year can be obtained. Roots can be harvested after one year of seedling culture, usually before frost comes to the middle of winter solstice or before germination in spring. Make deep planing at one end of the boundary to avoid cutting. After digging out the roots, the sand is washed and dried (to avoid being washed by rain or water) to clean the roots and attached soil, which can be used as medicinal value. Salvia miltiorrhiza can produce 1kg dry goods per 3kg fresh root. Generally speaking, it is better to have thick strips, orange-red, rootless and less residue. The yield per mu of dried salvia miltiorrhiza slices is generally 400-500 kg.