I love water shield (water chestnut). Can I plant it? How to plant it if you can?

Snack navigation tells you how to grow horseshoes:

Water chestnut can be used not only as a vegetable, but also as a fresh fruit, as well as for making candied fruit, fructose, extracting starch (water chestnut powder) and canning for export. It also has the effects of quenching thirst, promoting digestion and relieving fever. In order to improve the quality of water chestnut and reach the standard of pollution-free food, the following operating rules should be mastered in cultivation.

1 radix selection

Choose sandy loam paddy field far away from industrial and mining enterprises (5 kilometers away), which has no "three wastes" pollution, sufficient light, loose topsoil, solid subsoil, about 20cm plough layer, sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and clean water body (no pollution). Horseshoe bulbs cultivated in sandy loam are shallow, neat in size and tender and sweet in meat; Growing in heavy clay, the bulbs are small and irregular; Growing in the soil with too much humus, the meat has less coarse juice, thick skin, black color and lacks crisp and sweet flavor. Continuous cropping of horseshoes should be avoided. For example, bulbs are difficult to grow, the yield is low, there are many diseases, and it is difficult to harvest. Generally, it rotates with mat grass, arrowhead, water bamboo and rice for 2-3 years.

2 planting season

Horseshoe likes high temperature and high humidity, and is not tolerant to shade. It should grow in frost-free period, with the whole growth period of 2/kloc-0 ~ 240 d ~ 240 d, and it begins to germinate when the temperature is above 15℃, and the tillers and ramets grow fastest at 25℃ ~ 30℃. Bulb formation requires a dry and cold environment with an average temperature of 10℃ ~ 20℃. In winter, the above-ground part dies, and bulbs overwinter in the soil. According to the biological characteristics of calla lily, the planting period of calla lily in Guangxi is flexible, and it can be transplanted at any time from Qingming to summer. However, in order to obtain high yield, calla lily should start to raise seedlings between Qingming and light summer, and should be planted early, and the transplanting time should not exceed summer at the latest So that plants can tiller and divide from summer to summer, and harvest begins in late June of 10, and the peak harvest begins in late June of 1 12.

From Qingming to Grain Rain, it is called early water horseshoe; Around the summer solstice, it began to sprout, which is called water horseshoe; Water chestnuts that germinate from summer to summer are called water chestnuts.

3. Soil preparation and base fertilizer application

Before and after full harvest, plow and rake the field, usually 3-4 times, to make the soil of the field paste, and apply base fertilizer when plowing and raking for the last time. Horseshoe is more tolerant to fertilizer, so it needs to apply late-foot base fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer. Generally, 80 kg of amino acid organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, 8~ 10 kg of Wang Di and 2~3 kg of 3+ 1 Guangming fertilizer are applied every 667m2.

4 Seedling raising and seedling management

4. 1 variety selection

Calla lily is propagated by bulbs, so it is not advisable to dig the wintering water chestnut in the field too early. It is usually dug when germination is accelerated. Before sowing, choose bulbs with good seed quality, large bulbs, high seed shape, sound terminal buds, no pests and diseases and no rot as seeds. Seed requirement per 667m2 field: 75 ~ 100 kg for submerged horseshoe and late horseshoe, and only 15 ~ 20kg for early horseshoe, which varies with different planting periods.

4.2 Seedling raising

Cultivating short and strong seedlings is the basis of high yield and high quality of horseshoe. Generally, seedlings are raised between Qingming and Grain Rain. Due to the low temperature and slow emergence in early spring, seeds should germinate 30 ~ 45 days before sowing, and horseshoe-shaped seeds should be dug up before germination at vernal equinox. After accelerating germination indoors, seedlings should generally be cultivated in open upland rice fields. You can also raise seedlings in open water nursery.

Indoor germination accelerating method: Before sowing, soak the seeds with 500 times solution of 36% Junzhenqing No.2 for 65,438 0.2 hours, and disinfect the seeds to kill surface germs. Then spread wet straw on the ground, arrange the seeds alternately on the straw for 3-4 layers, with the top buds facing up, and then cover the straw. Water it 2-3 times a day to keep it moist. 10-15 days later, it began to blossom. When the bud grows to 1.5cm, remove the straw cover and continue watering to keep it moist.

4.2. 1 Paddy field preparation

Paddy fields must be selected in places where there is no "three wastes" pollution and irrigation is convenient. Dry land is generally located in the gap between the front and back of the house and the vegetable garden. First, slightly shovel the ground, and finely hoe the soil to a depth of 10cm, build soil around it to make a pool ridge, and open shallow ditches around it to ensure water conservation and drainage. Then pour water into the bed to make the soil muddy; The practice of paddy field is similar to that of paddy field. The width of the frame is 90 ~ 120 cm, the surface of the frame is smooth, and the edges around it are well made. Spread a layer of rice bran ash or pour a layer of mud under the bed, the thickness is about 1.5cm, the depth of the side ditch is 24 ~ 30 cm, and the ditch is irrigated.

Scheduling and broadcasting

Discharge the ripened bulbs into the nursery pond one by one, press the bulbs into the mud 1cm, and plant spacing is 6cm×6cm. It is required that the buds are highly consistent, arranged neatly, and dried for half a day to crust the soil surface. In summer, seedbeds are easy to dry. After sowing, you should set up a shed for shade to prevent the seedlings from drying up. After the shed is built, grout mud 1 ~ 2 times. Expose the bud tip and cover it with straw to keep the soil moist. After 10 ~ 15 days, the seedling height 10cm. When there are new roots on the shortened stems, remove the shade and gradually exercise the seedlings for about 20 days. When the seedling height is 100 ~ 150 cm and there are 5 ~ 6 leaflike stems, it can be planted.

Paddy field management

When accelerating germination and raising seedlings, the seedbed only needs to be kept moist, and the seedling field for transplanting seedlings should be kept in shallow water of 1.5 ~ 3 cm to promote plant division.

5 Colonization

Pull out seedlings before planting. When pulling out seedlings, carefully dig out seedlings with bulbs and remove seedlings with tufted slender leaflike stems. After this kind of seedling is planted, it is not easy to divide into plants, commonly known as horseshoe. If the seedlings have been cultivated for a long time and have produced ramets, they can be planted separately from the mother plants. After the seedlings are dug out, the soil is washed away, and the roots are soaked with 36% Junzhenqing No.2 medicine 500 times 1 ~ 2 hours to reduce the occurrence of field diseases, and then planted. If the seedling is too high, the tip can be cut off at 30 ~ 35 cm of the leaflike stem to prevent the plant from being shaken by the wind and affecting rooting or being blown off by the wind. Planting depth, planting seedlings with bulbs should be 9 cm deep in the soil and the roots should be covered with mud. Too shallow, less branches, less nodules; If it is too deep, the tree will be slow and deep, and it will be difficult to dig. When planting ramets without bulbs, the roots should be buried in the soil first, and then inserted into the soil to a depth of 12 ~ 15 cm. Planting density: plant spacing is about 30cm×50cm, and 4 000 ~ 5 000 holes are planted in 667m2.

6 site management

6. 1 irrigation

Generally, when planting, the fields should be irrigated with shallow water; After survival, gradually deepen irrigation. The irrigation depth during plant division and tillering stage is 1.5 ~ 3 cm. When the bulbs are ripe, they should be drained 2 weeks before harvest. If harvested in spring, the fields should be kept moist in winter to avoid soil cracking.

6.2 topdressing

In the early stage of water chestnut, organic fertilizer was mainly used as base fertilizer, and the amount of topdressing was less; Quick-acting fertilizer is the main fertilizer for submerged horseshoe and delayed horseshoe, and it is usually combined with intertillage weeding and topdressing for 2 ~ 3 times. 1 Top dressing shall be carried out before summer, and 25kg Wang Di shall be applied every 667m2. If the plants are not closed at the autumnal equinox, after the second topdressing on 10d, topdressing with black jinbao or 500kg of 300 times potassium-preserving solution is used as topdressing. Every time topdressing, shallow field water should be put in, so that the fertilizer can be sucked into the soil and then irrigated to the original depth.

6.3 intertillage weeding

From planting to plant storage, intertillage weeding should be done for 2 ~ 3 times, and the time should be during the first and second plant division. After each weeding and field cultivation, topdressing should be 1 time.

7. Integrated control of stem blight, bulb gray mold and white moth

7. 1 control method of stem blight

Implement rotation for more than 3 years, select disease-resistant varieties, disinfect seeds, strengthen management, separate irrigation and drainage, avoid serial irrigation or flooding, pay attention to field investigation, remove diseased plants in time, and prevent the spread of pests and diseases.

At the initial stage of the disease, 36% JunZhenQing No.2 was sprayed with 500 times of liquid, once per kloc-0/0d 1 time, and sprayed twice continuously.

7.2 bulb grey mold control method

In the early stage of field diseases, drugs should be used in time to prevent and control them. Use 1000 times of pyrimethanil wettable powder, or 1000 ~ 1500 times of 50% chlorpheniramine wettable powder and 1000 times of 36% Junzhenqing No.2 medicine, and spray every 7 ~ 10d/kl.

7.3 methods of controlling white moth

The damage period of Hyphantria cunea is short (generally from mid-late August to mid-September), and it can be sprayed with 1500 times of gold.

8 harvest

When the bulb matures, the aboveground part will die, and it can be harvested at any time from the first frost to the next year. Drain water before harvest 1 day to keep the soil rotten and soft and easy to dig. The horseshoes harvested before and after the first frost are tender, not sweet, with incomplete red skin and thin skin. Bulbs turn reddish brown around the winter solstice, and when starch is converted into sugar, it is most suitable for harvesting. The highest sugar content in bulbs is from winter solstice to slight cold. Later, with the consumption of nutrients by bulbs, the sugar content gradually decreased, the epidermis became thicker and the quality continued to decline. Therefore, the quality of horseshoes harvested after wintering is not as good as that harvested before wintering.