Understand the common sense of Jianghu

1. Who knows the area, population, main mountains, rivers, lakes and oceans of the motherland?

China has a vast territory, with a total area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world, which is almost equivalent to the whole area of Europe.

The four ends of China's territory are: the easternmost end is at the intersection of the central lines of the main waterways of Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers (135? E), the westernmost point is near the Pamirs (73? E), the distance from east to west is about 5000 kilometers, and the southern end is in Zengmu shoal (4? N), the northernmost point is on the center line of Heilongjiang main channel north of Mohe River (53? N) The distance between north and south is about 5,500 kilometers. The population of China is about 65.438+0.3 billion, accounting for 22% of the world's total population. It is the most populous country in the world. The population distribution in China is more in the southeast and less in the northwest.

The proportion of rural population is large, accounting for 74%, and the proportion of urban population is small, only 26%. The main mountain ranges are distributed in three columns: from north to south, Tianshan-Yinshan-Yanshan; Kunlun Mountain-Qinling Mountains; Nanling.

The three columns run from northeast to southwest: Daxing 'anling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain from west to east; Changbai Mountain-Wuyishan; Mountainous areas of Taiwan Province Province. Two north-south trends: Helan Mountain; Hengduan Mountain.

There are two northwest-southeast trends: Altai Mountain and Qilian Mountain. Mount Everest, the main peak of the Himalayas at the junction of China and Nepal, is 8848 meters above sea level; It is the highest mountain in the world.

Jianghu 1. Rivers that directly or indirectly flow into the ocean in the outflow area and inflow area are called outflow rivers. The drainage area of the outflow river is called outflow area.

Rivers that do not flow into the ocean, into inland lakes or disappear halfway are called inland rivers. The basin of the inland river is called the internal flow area.

The outflow river and its hydrological characteristics: with the Qinling-Huaihe River as the boundary, there are obvious differences in hydrological characteristics between the north and the south: the outflow river in the south has large discharge, small seasonal variation of water level, long flood season, small sediment concentration and no ice age; Except for a few rivers such as Heilongjiang in the north, the river flow is small, the flood season of seasonal variation of water level is short, and the sediment concentration is large. The reason is that the precipitation in the south is large; The rainy season is long, the plants are lush, the sediment concentration in the river is low, and the temperature in winter is above 0℃.

The north is just the opposite. Main inland rivers and their hydrological characteristics: China inland rivers are mainly distributed in the northwest, and Tarim River is the most famous river in China.

Melting water from alpine snow and ice is the main water source of inland rivers, so the hydrological characteristics of rivers are closely related to seasons. 2. The Yangtze River is the largest river in China, and its source is Tuotuo. It originated in the southeast of Gladding, the main peak of Tanggula in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a total length of 6,300 kilometers. It flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Chongqing, Tibet, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai and flows into the East China Sea.

From Xuefeng in Dandong to Yichang in Hubei, there are many canyons in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with rapid water flow, large drop and rich hydraulic resources. The famous Three Gorges of the Yangtze River (Tanglei Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge) are located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. From Yichang to Hukou, Jiangxi, it is the middle reaches. This section of the Yangtze River is curved, with many lakes and tributaries. From below the mouth of the lake to the mouth of the Yangtze River as the downstream, there are few tributaries in this section, the river is wide and deep, and the river section is affected by tides, and the water level fluctuates regularly. The Yangtze River has been the main artery of China's east-west shipping since ancient times, and the Yangtze River route has a large volume of traffic.

The hydropower resources of the Yangtze River account for one third of the country, which has the advantages of less investment and low cost. Gezhouba Water Control Project is the first large-scale water control project on the Yangtze River and the largest hydropower station in China at present. The world-famous Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project was officially started on February 6, 2004. By 2009, 26 generators with 700,000 kilowatts will be installed, with an annual power generation of 84.6 billion kWh, which is 40% larger than the world's largest Itaipu hydropower station in Brazil.

Increase the number of ships that can only sail to Chongqing from 1000 tons to 5000 tons. So that the Yangtze River, known as the "golden waterway", will play a more important role in China's economic construction.

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. Originated at the northern foot of Bayan Kara in the * * * Plateau, it flows through 9 provinces and regions including Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong, and flows into the Bohai Sea. From the northern foot of Bayan Kara to Hekou Town, Inner Mongolia, it is upstream, and the Qinghai section of the source is clear and slow. There are many canyons in Gansu section of eastern Qinghai Province, where the water becomes turbid and the water quantity increases. In the Ding Meng section east of Qingtongxia, the water flow is stable and the water volume is reduced. Hekou Town to Yujin, Henan Province is the middle reaches, and has accepted dozens of tributaries, such as Fen and Wei, with rapid water depth and large sediment concentration. Below Jin Meng is the downstream, which flows through the plain. The river is wide and the water is slow, and the sediment is deposited as an "overground river".

Ice dams often block the flow of water in the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Before liberation, ice dams burst and flooded almost every year. Sediment is the key to harness the Yellow River.

4. Lakes There are many lakes in China, including more than 2,000 natural lakes. The main freshwater lakes are Biyang Lake in Jiangxi, Dongting Lake in Hunan, Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu and Chaohu Lake in Anhui. Qinghai Lake, located in Qinghai Province, is the largest lake and the largest saltwater lake in China.

Located in the middle of * * *, Namco is the second largest saltwater lake in China and the highest lake in China. The utilization rate of the ocean is 1. The waters adjacent to Chinese mainland include the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, and the Pacific Ocean east of Taiwan Province Province.

Among them, the Bohai Sea is the inland sea of China. 2. Continental shelf rich in marine resources: also known as "continental shelf" or "continental shoal", it is a shallow sea zone extending from the mainland to the ocean.

The shallow sea on the continental shelf is the most abundant part of marine resources, which is rich in oil, coal, iron and other mineral deposits, and is also a place with extremely rich marine biological resources. China has many offshore fishing grounds.

The East China Sea is called a natural fish warehouse. Zhoushan fishing ground is a national fishing ground, and the northern Bohai Bay fishing ground is famous for its abundance of prawns.

China's sea salt production ranks first in the world. The main saltworks are Luchang saltworks, Ying Ge Haiyan saltworks and bag saltworks.

Submarine petroleum resources: China is rich in marine mineral resources, and oil and natural gas are important marine minerals. The continental shelf in the East China Sea is the best, followed by the South China Sea and Bohai Sea.

2. What do you know about lakes and rivers in China?

There are many rivers in China, with a total length of 430,000 kilometers. There are about 50,000 rivers with a drainage area of 100 square kilometers. There are 1580 articles with an area of 1000 square kilometers; There are 79 rivers over 1 1,000 square kilometers, and more than 20 rivers over 1 1,000 kilometers. The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are the first and second largest rivers in China respectively, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is a famous man-made river. Rivers in China have the following characteristics: ① Except for a few rivers in the southwest, most rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean from west to east. ② The basin area is vast, but it is unevenly distributed. A few of them are distributed in inland river basins, with a total area of 348 million hectares, accounting for 36.2% of the country's land area, and its runoff accounts for only 4.5% of the country's total runoff. ③ The upper reaches of rivers mostly run in high mountains and canyons, with large drop, rapid water flow and abundant hydraulic resources; The middle and lower reaches are mostly interspersed in the vast plains, and the rivers are wide and slow, which is beneficial to irrigation, fisheries and shipping. ④ Rivers in North China, especially the Yellow River, have high sediment concentration and serious soil erosion. There are about 24,900 natural lakes in China, and there are more than 2,800 natural lakes with an area exceeding 100 hectare. There are 65,438+03 Great Lakes, covering an area of 65,438+million hectares. Lakes are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There are many freshwater lakes in the east, accounting for about 45% of the total lake area, including Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Hongze Lake, Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake. There are many salt lakes in the west, and Qinghai Lake is very famous.

3. Rivers and lakes protection information (a little more)

Save water and protect rivers and lakes 1. Turn off the tap at any time and don't let the water run empty. Do you know that the serious shortage of water resources is threatening the survival of our future generations? Bad water use habits are one of the bane of water crisis and water pollution.

Don't underestimate the running water in that moment, please get rid of the bad habit of using water! When you wash your hands, face and use soap, please don't leave the tap on, because one minute will waste 10- 18 liters of water. Turn off the tap and wipe the soap, so it's safer to wash your hands.

The popularity of family toilets facilitates our life, but have you considered the problem of saving water in toilets? Shower uses less water than bath. As long as you don't wash under the shower head for a long time, you can save water and electricity If you turn off the tap and rub soap and bath liquid, you can save 60 liters of water by taking a bath. You can try some simple water-saving measures. For example, we need about 10 liter of water every time we flush the toilet, but if you put a coke bottle or other container full of water in the toilet tank, the capacity of a coke bottle is 1.25 liter, and your little action will save about 1.25 liter of water every time.

4. What do you mean by Jianghu?

The original meaning of "Jiang" refers to the Yangtze River, just as "He" refers to the Yellow River. The difference between rivers can be seen from two angles:

(1) Geographical differences (south "river", north "river")

For example, rivers in southern China are often called "rivers", such as Yangtze River, Pearl River, Qiantang River, Minjiang River, Nujiang River, Jinsha River, Lancang River, Yarlung Zangbo River, Lijiang River and Jiulong River. It can be seen that southerners are generally used to calling rivers "rivers".

Rivers in the north are often called "rivers", such as Yellow River, Huaihe River, Weihe River, Jinghe River, Luohe River, Fenhe River, Qinghe River, Liaohe River, Yinma River, Qinhe River, Qaidam River, Tarim River and so on. It can be seen that northerners are used to calling rivers "rivers".

People's division of river names is slightly different from the traditional north-south division.

* * *, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Jiangxi and Zhejiang (inclusive), which are called "Jiang" in the south and "River" in the north. This is the difference in naming habits between the north and the south.

② Scale difference (big "river" and small "river")

Although there is a general geographical division, there is nothing absolute. When people name a river, they will also call it "Jiang" or "River" according to its size.

lake

A body of water formed by stagnant water in a depression on land has a wide water area and a slow direction change. Under the geological action of crustal tectonic movement, glaciation, river erosion and deposition, many depressions are formed on the earth's surface, and lakes are formed by accumulated water. Reservoirs formed by water accumulation in concave areas of open-pit mining points and damming rivers also belong to lakes and are called artificial lakes. Lakes are different from rivers because their flow is extremely slow, and they are different from the ocean because they are not in direct contact with the ocean. Under the influence of the natural geographical conditions of the basin, the substances in the lake basin, lake water and water body interact and restrict each other, which makes the lake evolve continuously. Lakes have different names, usually using dialect names. China used to use vicious, river, pond, sea, bubble, swing, lake, berth, fault and Noel, which are all nicknames of lakes.