Explore the "village under the stars" 5000 years ago at Dahe Village site.

Pot-shaped red pottery tripod unearthed from Dahecun site

The foundation and some reserved walls of Dahecun site "the first room in the world".

Painted pottery ornamentation of Yangshao culture in Dahe Village

Various painted pottery unearthed from Dahecun site

The Treasure of Dahecun Ruins Museum "White Paint Pot"

White painted pottery bowls unearthed from Dahecun site

The Prehistoric Building Foundation of Dahecun Ruins Museum

Star pattern on painted pottery

If you open the column,

Cultural relics, sleeping soundly underground, woke up in the museum. History was excavated by archaeology and displayed in the museum. A museum is not only to display cultural relics, reproduce history and store memories, but also a space for people to communicate quietly with civilization.

Zhongzhou Avenue in the west is full of traffic every day; On the north side of Lianhuo Expressway, cars sped by. The noisy city ushered in another Qingming, with peaches and plums dying and phoenix trees blooming. Dahe Village Site Museum, as the first prehistoric site museum in Henan Province, contains Dahe Village more than 5,000 years ago, the village that lived under the stars.

Patterns on painted pottery, moon, sun, stars, flowers, birds, insects and fish, geometric symmetry and astronomical concepts can all spy on the wisdom of the ancestors of Dahe Village.

Today, Dahecun National Archaeological Site Park Project is upgrading this ancient area. China Yangshao Culture Museum, site core protection exhibition area, primitive farming and planting area and interactive area are expected to meet with you before the end of this year. By then, everyone can understand and touch this civilization more than 5,000 years ago in a multi-faceted and deeper way.

cultural relic

"Pimei has a long mouth" here is the treasure of a young town hall.

What is the treasure of Dahecun Ruins Museum? Is it a painted pottery double pot or a small mouth and pointed bottom bottle? In fact, the treasure of the town hall here has a younger object. It is "white and beautiful with a long mouth" and is a white painted pottery basin.

This is also a relatively young treasure of the town hall, which was officially unearthed only eight years ago. In 20 14, an unexpected excavation of Dahecun site brought the white painted pottery basin to light again.

In the subsequent rescue and cleaning process, people were pleasantly surprised to find that painted pottery pieces did not exist in isolation. Professionals cleaned the surrounding area and found more than one painted pottery basin, but a collection. After removing the soil from the surface, this set of utensils consists of a sand-filled pottery jar, a white painted pottery basin and a red pottery bowl.

The white painted pottery basin gives people the feeling that it is big. Whether it is the radian of the mouth edge, the number of pottery pieces or the number of pottery basins, it can be called a heavy weapon.

The restored painted pottery basin is 15.7 cm in height and 45.7 cm in diameter, and covered with white glaze. According to reports, such a large-caliber pottery pot is quite rare in the field of prehistoric excavation, especially in Yangshao period.

Another treasure of the town hall is the "painted pottery double pot" unearthed in 1972, which is 20 cm high, mud red pottery, red and black, and the pot surface is covered with parallel lines. Using the connector principle, two flowerpots with the same shape are connected together.

It is speculated that the painted pottery double pot should be a sacrificial object, and it may be a drinking utensil for tribal leaders and elders when clans and tribes form alliances or have major ceremonial activities.

Carve a pattern

Astronomy, mathematics, geometry and artistic pottery pots are not simple in design.

The charm of white painted pottery basin also lies in the mathematical elements and the wisdom of our ancestors.

At the edge of its mouth, eight groups of symmetrical patterns composed of straight lines and four groups of painted pottery patterns composed of squares and dots in its abdomen are symmetrical to each other.

It can be seen that the ancestors of Dahecun at that time had the concepts of symmetry and equal division when drawing pottery.

According to the analysis of decorative patterns of vessels, white painted pottery pots can be traced back to the early Yangshao culture. The lower limit of this period is 6000 years ago, which means that the ancestors of Dahe village had a preliminary understanding of geometry at least earlier than the 5000-year civilization history of Chinese culture 1000.

Strolling through the Dahecun Ruins Museum, the patterns on various pottery displayed left a deep impression on tourists. If red, yellow and blue are the three primary colors, then white, red and black are the three primary colors of Dahecun site civilization.

These three colors combine into different patterns. Through these patterns, we can get a glimpse of the material world and spiritual world of the people in Dahe Village at that time. Patterns can be divided into these categories: flowers, birds, insects, fish, planetarium and stars, and other patterns that are common in daily life, such as hexagon, eyelash, net and grate.

Dahe Village is also called "the village under the stars". Sun pattern, moon pattern, solar halo pattern, comet pattern, etc. , are the embodiment of the observation and utilization of astronomical knowledge by the ancestors of Dahe Village.

When the lines of the painted pottery bowl are unfolded, we can see that there are twelve suns on the periphery, and the periphery of the inner sun is a triangle composed of 24 connected circles, which symbolizes the light of the sun. Although it can't be concluded that it is the embryonic form of the solar term on December 24, it is probably the original concept of time, such as day, month and year.

craftsmanship

The houses here are also "the first in the world" made of ceramic products, and some walls are still there.

After high-temperature quenching, soil is no longer soil, but has become daily utensils, pots and pans, and has become a civilized material entity.

From Yangshao culture to Longshan culture, and then to Xia and Shang dynasties, with the improvement of production technology, the appearance and shape of pottery tend to be diverse and exquisite.

Many of the cultural relics displayed in Dahecun Ruins Museum were burned. This is the best preserved prehistoric residential building base in China, and the house where the ancestors lived in Dahe Village was burned down 5000 years ago.

There are still some pits in the museum. Between a group of ash pits, tombs and caves, the foundation of 5000 years ago is clearly visible, and some are faintly visible. F 1-4, known as the "first room in the world", still retains a complete plane layout, and there is still a wall with a height exceeding 1 m in the north wall.

Moreover, the architectural style it adopts is a typical "wooden bone plastic". Simply put, it is to insert wooden stakes, tie cross bars and fill reeds into the wall to form a wooden and mud wall. After the walls and floors are dry, order a barbecue indoors and outdoors.

In this way, the wall is hard, and the wood bones in the wall are carbonized, which becomes a moisture-proof, warm-keeping and heat-insulating sandwich ceramic wall with pores. This is "full plastic". In other words, the whole house is finally paved with pottery, beams and purlins, grass and mud, and the roof is paved.

There are many such houses in the ruins of Dahe Village. They laid the basic form of traditional residential buildings in northern China. Their appearance also marks that the way of life of our ancestors changed from underground or semi-underground to the ground.

build

Dahecun National Archaeological Site Park is expected to be completed before the end of this year.

Dahecun site has a complete development vein of Yangshao culture, which is a critical period for the Chinese nation to enter the stage of civilization. It is the most wonderful part of the Yellow River culture, so it is also called "the yardstick of Yangshao culture".

It is also an important chapter in the story of the Yellow River. How to tell the story of Dahe Village site well and let more people know the wisdom and life of our ancestors? Dahecun National Archaeological Site Park Project is in full swing.

Relevant persons from Dahecun Ruins Museum said that the project planning fully meets the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, and on the one hand, it pays attention to the protection and inheritance of the historical culture of the Yellow River (namely Dahecun Ruins in China and Yangshao Culture), on the other hand, it pays attention to the restoration and protection of the ecological environment of the Yellow River.

The whole park is planned and laid out according to "one core (namely, the core protection exhibition area of Dahecun site)", "two nodes (namely, Yangshao Cultural Museum in China and the new courtyard of Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)" and "three areas (namely, ecological wetland restoration area, primitive farming and planting area and interactive leisure experience area)", with a total area of 2,400 mu and a total investment of 65.438+0.6 billion yuan.

The project started construction on 202 1 and 1. At present, the ecological wetland restoration area and the original farming and planting area have been basically completed, the building of China Yangshao Culture Museum has been partially capped, and the museum exhibition plan has been basically completed.

According to reports, the ontology protection exhibition project in the core area of the site is about to be fully launched, and the new courtyard project of Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology has been approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission. According to the plan, the whole park will be completed by the end of 2022 and initially opened to the outside world.