What's the name of the little butterfly that often flies by the light?

That's not a butterfly ... it's a moth.

insect

Moths are mostly active at night and like to gather in bright places. Therefore, there is a saying in folk proverbs that "moths put out the fire". Moth belongs to LEPIDOPTERA in Insecta. Plants provide various food sources for moth larvae, and moth larvae and adults are also one of the main food sources for insect-eating animals such as birds, reptiles and amphibians, forming an important food chain in nature. Moths can be distinguished by their antennae-they don't have rod-shaped ends, but are filamentous or feathery. Most moths are active at night and their colors are dim. Among insects, moths are the sisters of butterflies, belonging to Lepidoptera and Heteroptera. Although moths are not as beautiful as butterflies, their love styles are similar. A special chemical substance, namely sex pheromone, grows on female moths. Through the spread of sex pheromones, male moths are attracted from distant places to mate. Although the secretion of sex pheromone is small, it plays a great role. It is said that a female gypsy moth can attract 1 10,000 male moths as long as it secretes 0. 1 microgram of sex pheromone. The olfactory organs of male moths are particularly developed, and their antennae often grow into feather-like or comb-like, so they are very sensitive to the sex pheromones released by female moths, and they can perceive information with only a few molecules. Someone experimented with gypsy moth. When the wind speed is per second 100 cm, the male moth still responds to the sex pheromone of the female moth 4.5 km away, but after removing the antenna, this response is lost. Moths, the way to express their feelings and find a mate through their sense of smell, are called "chemical communication" in biology. Moth is a completely metamorphosed insect, which goes through four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Larvae is completely different from adults in morphological structure and living habits. Except for a few adults who suck fruit juice, most adults do not harm crops, while most larvae harm crops, fruit trees and trees. Therefore, people use the "chemical communication" characteristics of moths to separate and determine the structures of various moth pest pheromones, and artificially synthesize them to trap and kill male moths in order to achieve the purpose of biological control. The moth's wings spread 250 mm, the apex angle of the front wings is prominent, the body wings are reddish brown, and the inner and outer lines of the front and rear wings are white; There are purple-red edges and brown lines on the inner side of the inner line and the outer side of the outer line, with pink and white scales mixed in the middle; There are large triangular transparent spots at the end of the middle chamber; The outer edge is yellow-brown, with fine black wavy lines; The top corner is pink, and there is a half-moon black spot near the front edge on the inside. The lower half is khaki, with purple longitudinal stripes, black spots connected with purple stripes, and serrated white stripes. The inner side of the hind wing is brown-black, the outer edge is yellow-brown with black wavy end lines, the inner side has yellow-brown spots, and the middle part has reddish-brown spots. Sapium sebiferum moth is distributed in Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Taiwan Province, India, Myanmar and Indonesia in China. Its hosts are Sapium sebiferum, Cinnamomum camphora, Willow, Albizia Albizia, Tiller, Sweet Potato, Setaria viridis, Apple, Holly and Birch. Span 180mm-2 10mm. There are two generations in Jiangxi and Fujian every year. Adults appear in April, May, July and August and overwinter as pupae attached to the host cocoon. Adults lay eggs on trunks, branches or leaves, sometimes in piles and regularly arranged. The Sapium sebiferum moth found in this area has a wing spread of 250 mm, which is the highest in China. Bigfoot moth, Bigfoot moth, Bigfoot moth. There are several large dark green patches at the base and midline of the front and rear wings of adults, and four small green patches near the front edge of the front wings. Adults mainly appear in June-July and 9- 1 1 month, and are distributed in Fuxing Township, Taoyuan County, Sunhui Forest Farm in Nantou County and Lan Yu, Taitung County. Moth family with white fur. There is a black horizontal broadband in the center of the white surface of the adult's front wing, and the female moth is slightly convex outside the center of the broadband, while the male moth is obviously convex. Adults mainly appear in May-June, August,10-1month, and may have three generations a year. Distributed in Wulai, Beiheng Highway, Mei Feng, Luoshao, rattan and other low-altitude mountainous areas. Walnuts, leopards, moths, moths, moths. The adult's front wings are yellowish brown, covered with irregular white spots, and the outer edges are arranged with black spots of different sizes. Adults are active in summer and distributed in mid-altitude mountainous areas such as Luoshao and Ci 'en. Huang Qun Noctuidae. The adult's front wings imitate dead leaves, and the black outer edge of the rear wings has orange broadband, and the center of the black area has blue S-shaped stripes. The main seasons of adults are spring, summer and early autumn. Distributed in Tianxiang, Ci 'en, Qingshan, Wutai, rattan and other low-altitude mountainous areas. Moths grow from small to large. The wings, body and appendages of adults are covered with scales, and the mouthparts siphon or degenerate. The larvae are cup-shaped, with chewing mouthparts, scattered bristles, trichomes, tufts and branches. In every part of the body. It has 2-5 pairs of gastropods, most of which have toe hooks, and can spin silk and form cocoons or webs. Pupa is a quilt. Most eggs are round, hemispherical or oblate. The head is slightly spherical or hemispherical. Antennas are multi-segmented, filiform, rod-shaped, comb-shaped (feathered) and so on. Men usually have more developed antennae than women. The mouthparts are typical siphon mouthparts, except for a few lower moths such as winged moths, which retain the upper and lower jaws. That is, the upper jaw is completely degenerated, the upper lip is short, the lower jaw must develop or degenerate, and the lower lip only retains three lower lip whiskers. Its main feeding organ is a siphon (beak tube) formed by the extension and merger of the outer jaw leaves of two jaws, which extends into the flowers to suck nectar when feeding. Compound eyes are well developed, usually with two single eyes, located behind the compound eyes, but some species (butterflies, moths, etc. ) Don't be blind. The chest is developed and the chest tends to heal. Lower moths have more developed forechests, while higher moths are generally degenerated, with a neck shape and small protrusions on both sides, which are called wings (or collars). The middle chest is very big, with a shield and a small shield. There are 1 pairs of developed shoulder plates (or shoulder plates) on both sides of the shield. The back chest plate is small. The foot is slender, and there are usually 1 tibial process (goniometer) on the inner edge of tibiofibular joint of forefoot, and the tibiofibular joint of middle foot and hind foot has middle distance and end distance respectively. Of the five tarsal joints, 1 joint is the longest, with 1 claw. Generally, there are 2 pairs of wings, which are developed. Only a few species of female insects have no wings or only degenerate wings. Wing membranous, covered with scales and scales. Many moths are named after their shapes or positions, and their distribution and shapes vary from species to species, which is an important basis for classification under families. The pulse sequence of LEPIDOPTERA insects is very close to the imagined pulse sequence, and its structure and main change characteristics are: the base of midvein (M) degenerates or disappears, forming a larger wing chamber (that is, the middle chamber). The anterior wing usually has a longitudinal vein of 12 ~ 14. The leading edge vein (c) meets the leading edge; The secondary leading edge vein (Sc) originates from the base of the wing above the central chamber and has no branches. Radial artery pulsation (R) originates from the front edge of lateral ventricle and is generally divided into five branches, which are weakened or merged. Generally, there are three middle veins (M), all originating from the end of the ventricle, with Ml in the upper corner of the ventricle, M3 in the lower corner of the ventricle and M2 in the middle. Two cubital veins (Cu) originated from the posterior edge of the middle ventricle. The gluteal vein (a) extends from the base of the wing under the medial chamber, and has 1 ~ 3 veins. There are few transverse veins, except for the end of the middle cavity, there is generally a 1 shoulder transverse vein between the base of the secondary leading edge vein and the base of the leading edge of the wing. In addition to the middle chamber, some species also have a closed chamber surrounded by radial veins and radial branches above the middle chamber, which is called auxiliary chamber or winglet chamber (such as Trichogrammaceae). The hind wing generally has 8 ~ 10 longitudinal veins. The secondary leading edge vein and the first radial vein merge into Sc- 10 Rl, and the radial branch vein (Rs) is unbranched. The distribution of other veins is basically the same as that of the anterior wing. There are three common types of contact between the front and rear wings of LEPIDOPTERA insects during flight, namely, the wing-choke linkage of some lower moths (such as some species of Batidae), the wing-rein linkage of most moths and the attachment linkage of butterflies. The abdomen is cylindrical or spindle-shaped, with 10 segments, 1 segments degeneration, webbed disappeared or only membrane-shaped. Seven segments can be seen in the abdomen of female worms, the seventh segment is obviously elongated, the eighth to tenth segments are obviously thinned, and the sleeve is retracted into the seventh segment, which can be extended when laying eggs, forming a pseudo ovipositor. Some lower moths have only one reproductive pore in the 9th abdominal segment, which is called monotremes. Most species have a mating hole in the 8th abdominal segment and a spawning hole in the 9th abdominal segment, which is called Diptera. There are/kloc-0 pairs of petal-like structures on both sides of the spawning hole, which are called anal papillae, and are used to hold the laid eggs and make them stick to objects. The abdomen of the male worm has 8 segments, and the appendage of the 9- 10 segment has evolved into the external genitalia. The back plate (backpack) and web plate (basal abdominal arc) of the ninth abdominal segment form a ring, and the middle part of the web plate extends into the body to form a saccular protrusion; 10 The back end of the backboard has 1 hook-shaped protrusions slightly bent downward, and there are 1 jaw-shaped protrusions below, which are usually combined into a web of 10 abdominal joint, slightly bent upward, and the anal end is located between the hook-shaped protrusions and the jaw-shaped protrusions. The penis occurs on the diaphragm between the posterior capsule and the basal abdominal arc, and two outward conical protrusions are formed at the base, which are called male end rings, and there are bone fragments on them, which are called male end base rings. The end of the male stem can be folded, which is called the terminal membrane and often has thorns. The reproductive limb of the ninth abdominal segment evolved into 1 pair of large petals, called grasper, on which various thorns, hairs and bone fragments were born. Male genitalia has great differentiation among species and is often used as an important basis for species identification. Larva 1. Most species have low mouths, and a few species (such as liriomyza sativae). ) is prognathous, usually with a hard dark head shell. There is an L-shaped inverted Y-shaped molting line in front of the head, which is the first place where the larvae crack when molting. The two narrow bone fragments inside the decidual line are the forehead (some people call it parafrontal) and the triangular labial base below the forehead (some people call it forehead). On both sides of the decidual line is the cranial region, and there are six stems arranged in an arc below, and the number of monocular eyes in some species decreases or disappears completely. The mouthparts are chewy, and there is a deep notch of 1 at the front edge of the upper lip. Its notch shape and depth are different, which is one of the characteristics of the family. There are teeth in the upper jaw, and the lower jaw, lower lip and tongue are combined into a complex. The tongue is located in the center to form a spinneret with two mandibular whiskers on both sides. 2. The chest is obviously segmented, and an ossifying plate is formed near the front of the front chest back, which is called the front chest shield. There are 1 valves on both sides of the chest. Chest and foot are usually well developed, with 5 joints and 1 bent claw at the end. Some species damaged by submerged leaves degenerate or disappear to varying degrees. 3. The abdomen is usually 10 segment, and the back of the last segment ossifies to form the buttock plate. Some species have a hardened comb structure under the buttock plate, called buttock comb, which is used to bounce back excreted fecal particles. Generally, there are 8 pairs of abdominal valves, which are located on both sides of 1 ~ 8 abdominal segment. There are usually five pairs of abdominal feet, which are attached to the 3rd ~ 6th abdominal segment and 10 abdominal segment respectively. The pair on 10 abdominal segment is also called tail foot or buttock foot. Gastropods sometimes decrease or degenerate, for example, foot moths only have two pairs of gastropods, which are attached to the 6th and 10 abdominal nodes respectively; The latent moth degenerates or disappears completely; Some Noctuidae 1 or 1 and 2 pairs of feet have also degenerated. The structure of the ventral foot is relatively simple, consisting of a subunit, a basal segment and a retractable bladder toe, with toe hooks on the ventral surface of the toe. The existence of toe hooks is one of the important reasons why LEPIDOPTERA larvae are different from other multi-legged larvae. The number, length and arrangement of toe hooks are one of the remarkable characteristics of LEPIDOPTERA larvae classification. The arrangement of toe hooks can be divided into single line, double line and multi-line; According to the length of toe hook, it can be divided into single sequence, double sequence or 3 sequence; According to the shape of toe hook arrangement, it can be divided into ring (round or oval whole ring), missing ring (less than one whole ring has a small gap), false ring (there is a gap before and after, also called two longitudinal bands), middle band (only one row of arc toe hooks parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body) and two horizontal bands (two rows of toe hooks perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body). 4. Stripes, lines and hairs The trunk (chest and abdomen) of LEPIDOPTERA larvae often has obvious patterns or longitudinal stripes, which are named according to their positions. Some lines can be used as auxiliary features for species identification. Larvae often have various coverings in various parts of the body, such as bristles, trichomes, bristles, bristles and thorns. Bristles are attached to the tumor-like processes on the body surface, which are called trichomes; There are often ossified and dark areas at the base of bristles, which are called hairs; If the trichome is conical, it is called trichome; Hair is long and densely clustered or tufted, which is called tufting or tufting; Some species have thorns and are called branches. Bristles can be divided into three types: primary bristles, secondary primary bristles and secondary bristles. Primary bristles appear at 1 year, and secondary bristles appear at 2 years old. The distribution and position of these two kinds of bristles are relatively fixed, and they are given special names, called hair sequence. Hairiness is one of the important characteristics of larval classification. There are many secondary bristles with no fixed position and different lengths. It can be born on hair process, hair tumor or ossification block, and is generally unnamed.

[Edit this paragraph] Pupa

Most pupae are rectangular, brown or brown. The pupae of butterflies are mostly green or light-colored, and the head and chest often protrude. Pupa can be clearly divided into three parts: head, chest and abdomen. The compound eye is located on both sides of the head, and the base of the antenna is located outside the compound eye. On both sides of the lower lip beard are L pairs of mandibular lateral lobes (beak tube), the length of which varies from species to species. The mandible must be located outside the compound eye and generally not exposed. The chest is clearly segmented from the back, and the middle chest is usually the largest. The forefoot is located on both sides of the mandible, the middle sole is located outside the forefoot, and the hind sole is usually only exposed at the end. The anterior wing bud can cover or exceed the fourth abdominal node on the abdominal surface, and the posterior wing bud is generally covered by the anterior wing bud, with only the edge exposed. There are/kloc-0 pairs of valves in the chest, which are located at the back of the front and middle chest. Abdominal segment 10, usually only 5, 6 and 7 segments can move, and 8 ~ 10 segments often heal themselves. The longitudinal fissure in the center of the ventral surface of the tenth abdominal segment is anus, and the periphery is often slightly prominent. There is a 1 reproductive hole in the center of the ninth abdominal segment of the male worm, which is longitudinal fissure and often slightly protruding around it. The female of Diptera has two reproductive pores, which are located in the center of the 8th and 9th abdominal segments. The former is mating hole and the latter is spawning hole. In many kinds, two holes are connected into an L-shaped longitudinal crack. According to this, male and female pupae can be distinguished. There are 8 pairs of valves in the abdomen, which are located in the abdominal segment of 1 ~ 8, but the valves in the abdominal segment of L are covered by pterygoid buds, and the throttle valve in the eighth abdominal segment degenerates into a crack shape. The end of the abdomen protrudes backward, forming a buttock spine, which has a hook thorn to hook an object or cocoon.

[Edit this paragraph] Feeding

Adults feed on nectar, which helps plants pollinate. But the adults of fruit sucking moths can pierce the fruit; Suction leads to fruit dropping, which has become an important pest of citrus, peach, plum, pear and other fruit trees. Moths are mostly active at night and often phototaxis. Adult activities mainly include flying, foraging, mating and finding suitable spawning sites. Some adults have the habit of seasonal long-distance migration, such as armyworm, rice leaf roller and so on. Larvae are mostly herbivores and are important pests of agricultural and forestry crops, fruit trees, tea, vegetables and flowers. The life style of larvae is very different from that of rearing. Most species are naked, and many species have the habit of seclusion, such as rolling leaves, folding leaves, nesting leaves and so on. Some species also make sheaths or webs. Some burrow into plant tissues, dive into mesophyll and drill stems; Some invade buds, flowers, seeds and other tissues, sometimes causing galls. Larvae living in soil bite the roots of plants and become important underground pests. It is an important warehouse pest, which harms stored grains, articles or furs. A few species are predatory, preying on aphids or scale insects, such as aphid-eating gray butterflies, which are natural enemies of sugarcane aphids. Common resource insects are silkworm, tussah and castor silkworm. Cordyceps sinensis is a kind of precious Chinese herbal medicine, which is formed by the fungus parasite hepialus larva.

[Edit this paragraph] Growth and development

The first stage of oozoa's individual development. After the fertilized eggs (or unfertilized eggs) of insects, the embryos in the eggs begin to develop. Eggs are larvae when they mature. The process of larvae breaking out of their shells is called hatching. The time required for an egg to hatch from birth is called the egg stage. The second stage of larval development. That is, the process from hatching of eggs to pupation of larvae. In the type of incomplete metamorphosis, larvae are also called nymphs and larvae. They have no pupa stage and develop directly from larvae to adults. Completely metamorphosed larvae pupate when they mature. The larval stage of insects is the fastest growing stage of insects, and the weight of some moth larvae increases by 10 thousand times from hatching to mature pupa. In the third stage of insect development, the pupa completely metamorphoses. It is the stage when insects transition from larvae to adults. When the larva matures, its body becomes shorter, it can't eat or move, and its appearance gradually becomes thicker, so it pupates. Some larvae have a short pre-pupation period before pupation. Some larvae spin silk to make cocoons or pupae rooms to protect themselves before pupation. When the pupa matures, it appears as an adult. The last stage of adult insect development. Sexually mature, they can mate and lay eggs, but some adults need supplementary nutrition before mating and laying eggs.

[Edit this paragraph] Wild moths fly around the lamp.

"The residual lamp is a wild moth." On a clear summer night, you can always see many beautiful moths as long as you walk under the street lamp. They kept turning around the lamp, hitting lampshades and telephone poles, and their wings were broken, completely ignoring them. "Why do moths always turn around street lamps? Do they like light? Is there any food they like under the street lamp? Or ... "With so many questions, I went to the science teacher. The teacher praised the students' questions and observations and encouraged them to solve these problems. So members of several scientific and technological groups were invited to form a research group. Through on-the-spot observation, consulting materials, and asking experienced farmers and experts from the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, a month later, they gained rich harvest. The living habits of moths and the reasons for flying around the lamp are LEPIDOPTERA insects, mostly Nocturnal Animals, which shows that moths don't fly around the lamp because they love light. Moths are siphoned mouthparts, and mouthparts are specialized as straws. Moths mainly feed on plant juices. They don't hunt small flying insects under the lights. Humans have also ruled out the possibility that moths tend to glow because of food. In the wild, besides street lamps, bonfires and flashlights, home lights, candlelight and some other lights will also attract moths around. Moths are active at night. When exploring the flight path, they rely on the moon as a "lighthouse". The eyes of moths are compound eyes composed of many monocular eyes. When it flies, it always lets the moonlight project into its eyes from one direction. When it bypasses obstacles or gets lost, it can turn its body, find the initial projection angle of moonlight, and continue to touch the direction of progress. If there is light in the wilderness, moths don't know which is the moon and which is the light when they see the light. Because the moon is far away and the lights are close at hand, moths will mistake the lights for the moon. In this case, as long as it flies a little in front of the lamp, it will feel that the angle of the lamp has changed-from the side or from the back, so it turns its body back until the lamp is projected into its eyes at the original angle. So the moth has been circling around the lamp, circling around the lamp, and she can't get away.

[Edit this paragraph] Skills

Other animals' "celestial navigation" skills moths use the moon to navigate for themselves, flying and living in the dark. In nature, many pilots use celestial navigation. When bees collect honey from flowers and show their partners the direction of honey source with dance, they take the sun as the benchmark; The reproductive migration of turtles is to link the internal biological clock with the stars and return to their hometown to lay eggs; Migratory birds migrate in families, and when flying long distances at night, they will also determine their position according to the constellations in the sky ... Animals in nature have their own unique positioning skills. The application of human beings in "celestial navigation" Animals can regard celestial bodies as "lighthouses", and human beings will have more applications. When they got lost, the ancients used the Big Dipper and the North Star to guide them. Medieval navigators used celestial navigation to create many exquisite instruments; Now people have made an automatic control missile, which uses two bright stars in the sky as a "lighthouse" and controls the channel according to the light of these two stars. Even if it deviates from the direction temporarily, the calculator inside will automatically adjust and correct it according to the projection angle of the stars and return to the correct channel. Man-made satellites are also launched into space as "lighthouses" for ships sailing in the ocean and airplanes flying in the atmosphere.