What is the correct usage of the fan and what is its purpose (2)

1. zigzag type

Bones, large and small, bend like a serpentine fan-shaped strand. The peaks and valleys of two adjacent fan ribs are staggered, like water waves, which is very interesting. This model is more common in large fans with grades 9 to 16, which are made of bamboo or ebony. Generally speaking, big bones are no longer carved. Although it is also a special variety, it is not very rare. After 1980s, some areas resumed production, but the fine and vivid flavor no longer exists.

2. Silk folding fan

This fan is a kind of folding fan technology, the only difference is that the fan surface treatment is different from the fan bone treatment. Fan bone modeling can be divided into hollow carving and machine punching. The shape of the fan is unique and exquisite, and the hollowed-out part of the fan bone just forms the ornament of the fan bone leaving blank. The sector is 28 square meters, the sector is laminated evenly, the side bone and the core of the sector are symmetrical, and there are many folds, which is a very common sector variety. Later, due to the production technology of Anhui (dwarf brand) fans,

3. The monk's head

fan

This style also originated very early. Fan-shaped shares gather into a ball like a monk's head, hence the name. This type existed in the Ming Dynasty, and it is called round head or big round head. Because there are so many people who have a circular fan root now, in order to avoid confusion, this common name is also very vivid. Monk's head is more common among big fans in the 16th grade, and there are also big fans in the 9th and 11th grades. Autumn fans are rarely useful for monks' heads. Can a monk's head be made of one material? Get together? You can also insert two pieces of different materials, such as ebony, ivory, rosewood, etc., where the fan nails are added on both sides. The price of monk's head stocks is high, even if it is simple and unemployed, it often exceeds the price of other stocks with the same material.

4. Highlight (bone clamping fan)

Brocade fan can be used for ordinary fan bones, brocade fan bones or special brocade fan bones. The protruding fan ribs do not penetrate the fan, but clamp the fan-the exposed fan ribs play the role of dividing the fan. But generally, not all the fan bones are exposed, but every few, according to the needs of sector space division.

5. Pointed type

Sharp style at the end of the meeting. The Ming dynasty said that? Ruigen? . This model is only available for sixteen-grade bamboo bone fans, but it is characterized by exquisiteness, and the quality of bamboo is very important.

Variety characteristics of fans

trait

Fan is a combination of carving, knitting, knitting, calligraphy and other artistic techniques. Two fan handles on both sides of the folding fan, commonly known as big bones or large faces, are engraved with calligraphy and painting; There are many fan bones in the middle, commonly known as small bones or hearts. There are many decorative techniques for fan bones, some are mother-of-pearl and some are painted. Among them, Venus coral is painted with coral red and sprinkled with silver powder, shining like a star. At the lower end of the fan, there are many kinds of fan head styles, such as bamboo, plum blossom, small vase, hook, round head, etc. 100. Fan pendant is carved with jade, peach stone and olivine, or woven with tassels, swaying. Embroidered fan is beautiful, wear-resistant and practical. Exquisite patterns are hollowed out on the fan surfaces of sandalwood fans, bone fans, ivory fans and shell fans. The pyrography on sunflower fans and sandalwood fans is rich in ink and simple in style. Fans have many uses. In addition to enjoying the cool in summer, they are also props for performances such as pingtan, opera, dance and Quyi.

The varieties of fans in China are mainly folding fans, feather fans and silk fans, which are introduced below.

folding fan

In ancient times, it was called folding fan, gathering fan and scattering fan. There are origami fans, ivory fans, shell fans, sandalwood fans and peacock feather fans, among which origami fans are the most popular. Paper folding fans are made of slender bamboo pieces with countless fan bones on them, and then the fan bones are stacked. The lower end of the fan bone is fixed with nails and hinges, and the rest is unfolded into a semicircle. Paper is pasted on the fan bone, and poetry is painted on the fan bone. The best fans are brown bamboo, torreya grandis and ebony, ranging from 7 to 40, usually 14 or 16. 40 fractured fans, with slender bones and beautiful styles, were specially used by ancient women. Ivory fans, shell fans and sandalwood fans are made of ivory, shells and sandalwood, and are directly connected into semicircular sectors with silk threads, and exquisite and slender patterns are carved on the sectors. Sandalwood fans are decorated with pyrography in addition to hollowed-out patterns, or papered with thin silk to draw flowers, birds and ladies, which are gorgeous in style and deeply loved by women. Suzhou folding fan is famous for grinding bamboo fan bones, that is, grinding bamboo fan bones repeatedly with fine sandpaper, soaked equisetum and elm leaves, and then waxing them to make them moist as white jade.

feather fan

It is made of the feathers of peacock, crane, eagle, goose, pheasant and other birds woven into a fan, plus the handle. It is not only used for enjoying the cool, decorating and dancing, but also a display of ancient court etiquette in China. China feather fans are mostly made of 3 ~ 4 goose feathers, which are peach-shaped, with the top pointed and the bottom rounded, and the center of the fan is decorated with patterns such as five-color satin cut or colored silk embroidery. Some fan handles are wooden handles, while others chop goose feather tubes into silk and weave them into ancient coins as feather tube handles. Feather fan is light and the wind is soft. Peacock jade feather fan takes ivory as the fan bone and peacock feather as the fan surface, which is rich in color and is also a prop for dancing.

Silk fan

Bamboo strips and lead wires are used as the skeleton, and there are plain wires and other wires stretched on the skeleton, such as a full moon. Also called round fan. In ancient times, bamboo sticks were used as the skeleton of silk fans, but lead wires were used as the skeleton in the early 20th century, and celebrities were invited to paint and write for the fans. The fan handle is made of rare bamboo such as torreya grandis and brown bamboo, and also has painted handle and ivory handle. There is even a black gauze like a cicada wing as a fan, and countless fine bamboo and white powder are painted on the fan, which is called a cicada wing fan. In addition to the round moon shape, there are many styles of silk fans, such as round waist and regular hexagon, which are painted with ladies, landscapes, flowers and birds, and some are embroidered with colorful silk threads.

Palm leaf fan

Commonly known as cattail leaf fan. It is made of leaves and stems of mallow. Light and cheap, it is the most popular fan in China. Sunflower fans in Xinhui, Guangdong, have round leaves, thin and uniform stems, complex manufacturing technology and various varieties. The manufacturing process of sunflower fan is as follows: firstly, sunflower leaves with a handle length of more than 30 cm and a light blue color are selected, picked and dried for about 20 days, and the color turns white after drying; Was with water, dry, and flattening with heavy objects; Then according to the size of sunflower leaves, cut them into circles with different specifications, and then wrap the edges of the leaves with silk, still using sunflower handles as fan handles. There are many kinds of sunflower fans, besides the commonly used sunflower fans, there are also glass white sunflower fans, bleached woven sunflower fans, pyrography sunflower fans and so on. The glass sunflower fan is a light green leaf, which was uncomfortable at first. After exposure to the sun, the color is crystal clear and white, and after washing and sulfur fumigation, the color is as white as glass, hence the name. Bleaching and weaving sunflower fan is to cut glass sunflower leaves into thin strips of 2 ~ 4 mm, then weave them into almond-shaped sunflower fans by hand, and embroider various patterns with gold and silver threads and colored silk threads on the fan surface. Pyrography sunflower fan is used to pyrography figures, landscapes, etc. On the sector, the style is simple. Among them, the double-sided pyrography sunflower fan is to sew two glass white sunflower fans with the same shape and specifications into a whole, and then pyrography the same picture on both sides, which can be watched on both sides. In addition to embroidery and pyrography, the sunflower fan is decorated with lacquer painting or needled into various patterns. Sector specifications vary, the largest is more than 90 cm long, which can shade the sun. The edge of the fan, commonly known as thin edge, is made of gold and silver thread, silk thread, colored silk thread, silk, slender rattan skin and so on by hand winding and sewing. Most of the handles of sunflower fans are made of original sunflower leaves, and some are wrapped in slender rattan skin or covered with dyed bamboo tubes, which are smooth and comfortable to hold in the hand. High-grade fan handles are decorated with rare bamboos such as Chimonobambusa, Phyllostachys pubescens and Fodor bamboos, or made of ivory and tortoise shells.

Silk fan

Also known as bamboo woven fan. Weave silk into a fan. Produced in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Hunan and other places, Sichuan is the most famous. Sichuan silk fan was very famous in Ming Dynasty. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty (1875 ~ 1908), this kind of silk fan was woven by Gong Juewu, a craftsman in Zigong, Sichuan, and was called Gong Fan. The silk used is as thin as a hair, each of which is 400mm long, 1mm wide and 0.2mm thin. In the sun, it is transparent and crystal clear. The woven sector is smooth and seamless, just like silk. The handle of the fan is mostly cow bone with tassels. At the beginning of the 20th century, Gong Juewu's son, Gong, inherited his father's footsteps, and was able to weave complex pictures of ladies, landscapes, flowers and birds, which were clear and beautiful. Gong Fan has spread to the third generation, that is, Gong, the son of Gong, and Gong Yuwen's brother. The silk fans they knitted were exhibited in America and Japan.

Portrait fan

A ceiling fan with wedding photos, portrait photos, children's photos and other portrait photos as the fan. The portrait ceiling fan (hereinafter referred to as portrait fan) is a clever combination of modern imaging technology and ancient fan-making technology. The fan of portrait fan adopts the same technology and materials from design to output as the current studio industry, so its image quality has reached the image level, the color is true and the details are excellent. In ancient times, the wedding night was also called Fan Night, because the wedding ceremony required Fan's gift, but it was Fan's poem, and the red hijab evolved from Fan's gift. Throughout the ages, people have used painting, embroidery and other techniques to form figure paintings on fans. Today, with the help of modern technology, portrait fans and other fans with wedding photos have appeared. As a fan culture with a long history, it adds a fresh and fashionable modern flavor.

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