The climate of Yili

Affected by being far away from the sea and surrounded by mountains, Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture has typical arid climate characteristics and belongs to a cold temperate and semi-arid continental climate. Due to the vast territory and complex terrain, from Tianshan Mountain to Altai Mountain, each place has unique microclimate characteristics with different longitudes and heights. The general climate characteristics of Quanzhou are: short summer and long winter; The temperature rises rapidly in spring, but it is unstable; The temperature drops quickly in autumn. Generally, spring is about 30 days longer than autumn. Sunny, low relative humidity and large evaporation. The temperature changes dramatically and the daily temperature difference is large. The frost-free period is short. The monthly, seasonal and annual variation rate of precipitation is large, and the mountainous area is more than the plain, with great differences in some areas. Due to the influence of topography, the wind force varies from place to place. In terms of disastrous weather, generally in late autumn and early spring, cold air invades, the temperature drops suddenly and there is a snowstorm. There is frost in early winter, and there are disasters such as heavy rain, hail and dry hot wind in summer. According to the region, the temperature in the Autonomous Prefecture is 8-9℃ in Yili, 7-8℃ in Tacheng and 0-4℃ in Altay, that is, the temperature gradually decreases with the elevation of the terrain. The coldest month (February in mountainous areas) is 65438+ 10, and the hottest month is July. The annual average range is between 27-45℃, with small differences in mountainous areas and large differences in plains. The average daily range is between 10 ~ 16℃, and the maximum daily range is between 20 ~ 28℃. In terms of light and heat, the annual average solar radiation flux in Autonomous Prefecture is 5200-5600 MJ/m2. Altay region is a low-value region in the autonomous prefecture, with high latitude and light and heat resources of 5399 MJ/m2. The solar radiation flux of Yining City and Huocheng County is 5563 MJ/m2, which are high-value areas of light and heat resources in Autonomous Prefecture. The available photosynthetic potential of plants in Quanzhou area is generally 2600-2800 MJ/m2. The annual sunshine hours in Autonomous Prefecture are between 2899-3 158 hours, and the sunshine proportion is 65% on average. The frost-free period in plain agricultural areas of Autonomous Prefecture is generally 150- 180 days. The longest in Yining and Shawan counties is 19 1 day. Mountain area 100- 130 days. Precipitation in Autonomous Prefecture is influenced by atmospheric circulation and topography. Under the joint action of the warm and humid Atlantic airflow brought by westerly jet and the southward Arctic airflow, the west is open and surrounded by mountains on three sides, forming "three zones and four blocks" with different precipitation characteristics. The general trend of evaporation in Autonomous Prefecture is gradually increasing from south to north, and the annual evaporation in the whole state is1259-2381mm. The maximum evaporation is in Heishantou, Altay region, reaching 23,365,438 0 mm; The smallest evaporation occurred in Zhaosu County, only 1209.5mm ... Due to the great difference in altitude, the atmospheric pressure in the autonomous prefecture was irregular. Where the altitude is above 1000 meters, the air pressure is below 900 hectopascals; Where the altitude is below 1000 meters, the air pressure is above 900 hectopascals. Its interannual change is irregular and the amplitude is not large. Its daily variation is the highest in the morning and the lowest in the afternoon, and then it begins to rise again, which is basically opposite to the daily variation direction of temperature. The wind speed in the north of the autonomous prefecture is greater than that in the south. Generally, the annual change increases from March to 1 1. In some areas, the opposite is true. The disastrous weather in Autonomous Prefecture is mainly the invasion of cold air or cold wave in early spring and late autumn, with sudden drop of temperature and snowstorm. There is frost in early winter, and there are disasters such as heavy rain, hail and dry hot wind in summer. Cold waves mostly appear in spring and autumn, and the invasion route mainly comes from the strong cold air in the north or west. The invasion time usually begins at the end of September. Thunderstorms and hail mostly occur in mountainous areas and piedmont areas, generally in April-10, mainly in May-August. Strong winds are mainly concentrated in April-10.