Natural disasters in North China Plain and their prevention measures

Natural disasters and preventive measures of drought in North China Plain: precipitation is less than normal (there is no effective precipitation for a long time); The average temperature is higher than normal, with more windy weather and strong evaporation in spring. North China is the main agricultural commodity production base in China, and spring is the season when winter wheat and other crops need more water. The population and cities are dense, the economy is developed, and the demand for water resources is large; Low utilization rate of water resources, water pollution, etc.

Cold wave disaster: the cold air in the north is powerful and erupts in the south; North China is located in the winter air duct; Early spring is the beginning season of crop growth in North China, and the cold wind brought by the cold wave is extremely harmful to agriculture and animal husbandry.

Sandstorm: affected by strong cold air; North China is close to the sand source and located in the winter air duct (downwind of the sand source); There is little precipitation in spring, the temperature rises quickly, the wind is strong, (especially the precipitation is less than normal and the temperature is higher than normal), and the evaporation is strong; Poor vegetation coverage and loose surface materials are conducive to the occurrence and development of sandstorm weather; North China is densely populated and seriously damaged.

Causes and prevention measures of winter drought and summer drought in North China Plain Winter drought: less precipitation

Summer drought: less precipitation, high temperature and strong evaporation.

Measures: inter-basin water transfer, reservoir construction, rational exploitation of groundwater, promotion of water-saving agriculture and industrial water reuse.

Causes and preventive measures of natural disasters in Meiyu Jianghuai area The cold and warm air masses in Jianghuai area are evenly matched, with continuous rain and precipitation; There is "empty plum" weather-drought and precipitation-drainage; There is "empty plum" meteorological diversion irrigation

After the meiyu in July in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, under the control of a single subtropical high, the weather is extremely hot and there is little rain, and the task of drought resistance is arduous. If typhoon and rain form, it may alleviate the drought.

Timely forecast the strong tropical cyclone storm formed on the tropical ocean along the southeast coast of typhoon in summer and autumn, make good preparations for typhoon transit, establish and improve disaster reduction policies and regulations, create coastal shelterbelts, and raise public awareness of disasters.

During the spring drought, the temperature in North China rose rapidly from March to May with strong evaporation. The summer monsoon has not arrived (or is affected by a single cold air flow), the precipitation is low, and it is in the planting and growing season of crops. The air is dry, the water storage capacity is large, the soil is short of water, and the water level of rivers and lakes drops, making it difficult to irrigate.

Summer waterlogging in North China and South China, and the spring breeze comes late in June-August, which has a long influence time and high precipitation intensity. Flood disaster drainage, dredging rivers and increasing estuaries.

In the eastern monsoon region where the spring is cold, the polar continental air mass is strong from March to May, and there is strong low temperature and snow covered with plastic film in spring.

Cold wave Except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the worst cold air in spring and autumn quickly invaded the wind, rain and snow, and the freezing damage lasted for a long time and covered a wide range. Strengthen the alarm and prepare for the cold.

In spring and autumn, the northwest monsoon is the most serious in spring, and the dust in arid areas spreads to the southeast, with strong wind, high atmospheric sediment concentration, low visibility and wide influence. Generally, the same as the cold wave path, the construction of shelter forests, returning farmland to forests and grasslands.

Rainstorms and floods Except for some desert areas in the west, the weather systems that form precipitation in summer and autumn last for a long time, such as fronts, cyclones and tropical cyclones. The intensity of precipitation is large and the time is short, causing floods. In the southern (and eastern) areas of China, land management, flood forecasting and early warning system, residents' emergency evacuation plan and countermeasures, flood control insurance, etc. for dams, rivers, reservoirs, flood diversion areas and flood-prone areas.

In arid North China and Northwest China, there is no precipitation for a long time or the precipitation in winter and spring is unusually low. Dry air and lack of water in soil have become prominent worldwide problems, affecting economic development and social stability. Rationally adjust the agricultural structure, improve the agricultural ecological environment, select excellent crop varieties in drought-prone areas, develop agricultural water conservancy facilities, create shelter forests and improve the farming system.

Three natural disasters in North China Plain Three natural disasters in North China Plain: sandstorm, drought and flood, salt and alkali.

Common Natural Disasters in Yunnan and Measures for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Geological disasters are one of the most important natural disasters in Yunnan Province.

Qin Guangrong pointed out that the prevention and control of geological disasters in Yunnan Province should focus on six aspects: first, strengthen monitoring and early warning, do a good job in building monitoring and early warning teams, improve monitoring and early warning technology, strengthen investigation and early warning, mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses, and realize impending disaster avoidance through monitoring and early warning; Second, we must strengthen emergency preparedness, improve the emergency plan system for geological disasters at all levels, do a good job in the emergency management mechanism for geological disasters and the construction of emergency experts, attach importance to the dynamic management and drills of emergency plans, and improve the level of emergency management; Third, it is necessary to strengthen disaster handling and enhance the ability to prevent geological disasters in advance. In the process of geological disasters, people avoid risks and help each other, and recover and rebuild after the disaster; Fourth, strengthen the material reserve work, strengthen the construction of material reserve facilities, strengthen the management of emergency resources, and provide reliable guarantee for disaster prevention and relief work; Fifth, strengthen disaster assessment, strictly implement the risk assessment system of geological disasters in engineering construction, improve the geological disaster assessment database and reduce disaster losses; Sixth, we must strengthen scientific governance, highlight scientific planning, establish scientific concepts and methods, rely on scientific and technological prevention and control, and be good at learning from advanced achievements at home and abroad to ensure that the work is effective.

There are natural disasters of drought and flood from the Loess Plateau to the North China Plain.

The loess plateau has broken terrain and relatively dry climate, which not only causes serious soil erosion, but also causes frequent natural disasters. This area belongs to temperate monsoon climate and temperate continental climate, and there is little precipitation in winter, which leads to drought. Summer precipitation is mostly concentrated in July and August, mostly heavy rain, which is easy to cause waterlogging. Drought and flood disasters are the most important natural disasters in the Loess Plateau, so the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau is very fragile.

Generally speaking, the south of Huaihe River in North China Plain belongs to the humid climate in the north subtropical zone, and the north belongs to the humid or semi-humid climate in the warm temperate zone. Winter is dry and cold, summer is hot and rainy, spring is dry and rainy, and evaporation is strong. There is a serious drought in spring and frequent floods in summer.

The picture on the right shows the occurrence of common natural disasters in mountainous areas. Please write down the names of natural disasters and main prevention and control measures respectively: (1) ① The main prevention and control measures are based on the occurrence map of common natural disasters in mountainous areas; ① Collapse, and the methods to prevent and control this natural disaster are to adopt reinforcement projects such as retaining, netting, clearing and anchoring; (2) Landslide, the way to prevent this natural disaster is to dig drainage ditch or intercepting ditch to reduce the water content of landslide; ③ Debris flow. The ways to prevent this natural disaster are to protect forests and plant trees, build reservoirs, sand dams and dig diversion ditches.

So the answer is: (1) collapse; Reinforcing works such as retaining, netting, clearing and anchoring are adopted; (2) landslide; Digging drainage ditches or intercepting ditches to reduce the water content of landslides; (3) Debris flow; Forest protection and afforestation, construction of reservoirs, sand dams, excavation of diversion canals and other projects.

What are the main types of natural disasters and their prevention? Including types, causes, hazards and preventive measures, natural disasters in China are mainly floods, wind and hail, landslides and mudslides, droughts, low-temperature rain, snow and ice disasters and earthquakes. The population affected by the disaster was 6457 10/00000 (times), and there were 157 people who died due to the disaster (including forest fire 16 people), 22 people were missing, and the population was urgently transferred and resettled. The affected area of crops is 77.49 million mu, of which14.34 million mu; 107,000 houses collapsed and 436,000 houses were damaged; The direct economic loss due to the disaster was 4.510.70 billion yuan. Compared with the average value of the same period in recent five years (2008 was a catastrophic year, which was not included in the statistical comparison), the number of people who died (including missing) increased by 1%, the number of people affected by disasters increased by 50%, the number of people who were resettled in emergency increased by 70%, the area where crops were not harvested increased by 1 times, and the direct economic loss increased by four times. In May of 20 10, the loss of natural disasters in the whole country was obviously heavier than that in the same period of the previous year, among which Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Chongqing were seriously affected.

Hazard: harmful to the environment and human life safety.

Protection: according to natural phenomena, weather and climate.

Natural conditions in North China Plain

Introduction: The North China Plain is an important part of the Great Plains in eastern China. Also known as Huanghuaihai Plain. It is located at 32 ~ 40 north latitude and east longitude114 ~121. It reaches the southern foot of Yanshan Mountain in the north, the northern side of Dabie Mountain in the south, Taihang Mountain-Funiu Mountain in the west, Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in the east, covering seven provinces and cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu, covering an area of 300,000 square kilometers.

Natural conditions: The North China Plain is mainly formed by alluvial deposits of the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River and Luanhe River. The lower reaches of the Yellow River naturally cross the middle and are divided into two parts: the Huanghuai Plain in the south and the Haihe Plain in the north. /kloc-over the past 0/00 years, the Yellow River has reclaimed 2,300 square kilometers of land here. The plain continues to extend to the ocean, with the Yellow River Delta as the fastest, averaging 2-3 kilometers per year.

The North China Plain has a warm temperate monsoon climate with obvious changes in four seasons. The Huaihe river basin in the south is in a transitional area to the subtropical zone, and the temperature and precipitation are higher than those in the north. The average annual temperature in the plain is 8- 15℃, and it is cold and dry in winter. Most crops are harvested three times a year, while those in the south are harvested twice a year.

Most areas of North China Plain belong to warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt, and the original vegetation has long been replaced by crops. Only arid and semi-arid shrubs or shrubs grow on the edge of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain, and small deciduous broad-leaved forests appear on the shady slopes of some valleys or foothills. The south is close to the subtropical zone, with scattered trees such as Pinus massoniana, cypress, Zheyi and Hu Axiang. Meadow vegetation composed of Gramineae, Compositae, Polygonaceae and Chenopodiaceae. It is the main vegetation along the field road on the vast plain.

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Apart from common natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons and floods, what other disasters and preventive measures are there? The classification of natural disasters is a very complicated problem, and there are many different classification methods according to different considerations. For example, according to their characteristics and different disaster management and mitigation systems, natural disasters can be divided into the following seven categories:

(1) Meteorological disaster. Including tropical storm, tornado, thunderstorm and gale, dry hot wind, rainstorm, cold wave, chilling injury, frost, hail and drought;

(2) marine disasters. Including storm surges, tsunamis, tidal disasters, red tides, seawater immersion, sea level rise and seawater replenishment;

(3) Flood disaster. Including floods, river flooding, etc.

(4) Geological disasters. Including collapse, landslide, debris flow, ground fissures, volcanoes, land subsidence, land desertification, land salinization, soil erosion and so on.

(5) Earthquake disaster. Including all kinds of disasters caused by earthquake and all kinds of secondary disasters caused by earthquake, such as sand liquefaction, sand blasting water inrush, urban fire, river reservoir burst, etc.

(6) crop disasters. Including crop diseases and insect pests, rodents, agrometeorological disasters, agricultural ring

Environmental disasters, etc. ;

(7

) forest disasters. Including forest pests, rodents, forest fires, etc.

Preventive measures: engineering measures and biological measures,