Healthy reading of classical Chinese

1. Health preservation, a word related to ancient Chinese prose, was originally published in Guanzi, meaning to maintain life in order to achieve longevity.

In the long history of human development, health and longevity have always been a good wish that people yearn for and pursue, so health-preserving culture has been enriched and developed all over the world. Compared with the health culture in other parts of the world, China's health theory and practice are particularly profound because of its ancient philosophy and basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

It brings together various methods of disease prevention and fitness in China in the past dynasties, and integrates the essence of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and a hundred schools of thought. It can be called a tree of wisdom full of vitality and strong oriental mystery. Exploring China's health-preserving culture, an ancient and mysterious tree of oriental wisdom, is not only conducive to promoting traditional culture, but also in line with the scientific development trend in the world today.

Reasonable arrangement of daily routine, proper handling of life details, formation of good living habits, and establishment of activity rules in line with one's own biological rhythm, so as to ensure physical and mental health and prolong life, which is called daily life regimen, also known as daily life regimen. Life health includes regular daily life, good sleep, not busy in vain, proper place to live, and no clothes.

Regular life in daily life often refers to the regularity of daily schedule. The daily routine should conform to the law of the rise and fall of the yang in nature and the physiological law of the human body, the most important of which is the circadian rhythm, otherwise it will lead to premature aging and shortened life.

Ancient health experts believed that nourishing yang in spring and summer and nourishing yin in autumn and winter. Therefore, in spring, we should "lie down at night, get up early, stride in the court and walk slowly to make our ambition come true"; In summer, we should "lie down at night and get up early, be greedy and bask in the sun, be angry with high aspirations, and be showy"; In autumn, we should "lie down early and get up early, have fun with chickens, have a peaceful mind and delay autumn punishment"; In winter, you should "lie down early and get up late, you must wait for the sun to hide your ambition, if you have private interests, if you have income."

A good sleep is a human physiological need. When people sleep, most tissues and organs of the body are at rest, and qi and blood are mainly injected into the five internal organs of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, so that they can be supplemented and repaired.

A good sleep can ensure a high-quality sleep, thus eliminating fatigue and restoring energy, which is conducive to human health and longevity. If you want to sleep well, you must first ensure adequate sleep.

Generally speaking, it is appropriate for middle-aged and elderly people to sleep for 8~ 10 hour every day. Second, we should pay attention to bed rest, combine hard and soft, too hard, and the whole body muscles can't relax and rest; Too soft, the ligaments and intervertebral joints around the spine are overloaded, which will cause low back pain.

Third, the pillow is generally 5~9cm away from the bed surface. If it is too low, the blood vessels in the head will be excessively congested, and head edema will appear after waking up. If it is too high, the blood flow in the brain will be blocked, which will easily lead to cerebral thrombosis and ischemic stroke. Fourth, you should have a correct sleeping position. Generally speaking, we advocate lying on the right side, legs slightly bent, the whole body naturally relaxed, one hand bent flat, the other hand naturally placed on the thigh.

In this way, the higher the position of the heart, it is beneficial for the heart to discharge blood and reduce the burden. At the same time, because the right side of the liver is lower, lying on the right side can make the liver get more blood supply, which is conducive to promoting metabolism. In the survey of longevity, many elderly people reflect the correct bow posture the most.

As the old saying goes, "Stand like a pine, sit like a bell, and lie like a bow" and "Lie on your side with your legs bent, which is beneficial to others". Fifth, we should develop good hygiene habits. Don't eat too much for dinner, and don't eat * * * and exciting food. Chinese medicine believes that "stomach disharmony leads to anxiety".

Comb your hair and wash your feet with hot water before going to bed. Beware of work-related injuries, including room curtains and work-related injuries.

Use the curtain carefully, which is an important measure to protect the kidney, solidify sperm and avoid physiological dysfunction. On the one hand, we should conform to nature and not abstain from abstinence, but on the other hand, we should also control sexual intercourse and maintain health.

Preventing work-related injuries is an important measure to keep strong and avoid physical injuries. In the work, we should adhere to the principle of step by step and do what we can, pay attention to moderate labor, don't try to be brave and win, and avoid sedentary. Living in a suitable place is inseparable from the natural environment. Chinese medicine has long put forward the theory of correspondence between man and nature.

In summing up the influence of environment on human health and longevity, Neijing pointed out that "the high one dies, and the low one dies". It shows that people who live in high places live longer, and people who live in low places live earlier.

Why do different geographical environments lead to different life spans? Due to different regions and different soil and water, the quality of soil and water has a great influence on food composition and human nutrition. At the same time, different meteorological conditions have different effects on human health.

In the cold environment, the metabolic activity of cells slows down, the growth period of people is prolonged, and the aging process is postponed. According to the census of China, Xinjiang, Tibet and Qinghai, which live in the alpine mountainous areas, both the proportion of centenarians and the longevity level of the elderly population are higher than those in other parts of China.

In addition, lighting, ventilation, noise and indoor and outdoor environment beautification and purification are also closely related to people's health and longevity. Clothing should avoid the influence of clothing on human health, which is closely related to the width, thickness, texture and color of clothing.

Ancient and modern health experts believe that clothing should be wide but not tight, and put forward: "There is yarn in spring, silk in summer, woolen cloth in autumn and cotton wool in winter." Underwear should be soft and absorbent cotton fabric, which can be carefully selected according to different ages, genders and solar terms.

At the same time, special emphasis should be placed on the health care measures of "not busy reducing clothes in spring and increasing clothes in autumn".

Read the classical Chinese and answer the following questions (1). This question examines the translation of key sentences. When translating, you should be faithful to the original text, do not omit or arbitrarily increase or decrease the content, and translate smoothly. Pay attention to the translation of key words and common sentence patterns, especially the translation of special sentence patterns in classical Chinese, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the supplement. The key words in the sentence are: "don't", don't; "Heart", mind; "eye", line of sight. The meaning of the sentence is: don't play more musical instruments for enjoyment, so as to seduce your mind and disturb your sight. The key words in the sentence are "or", sometimes; "shirt-style" dress; Wear shoes. Sometimes we meet for a leisurely trip. We don't pay attention to clothes (it is ok to write "* * * gorgeous clothes and exquisite shoes", but we can't write "* * * clothes * * * shoes"). We don't work hard because we follow the etiquette (or we don't work hard to observe the etiquette). Don't separate the sentences. "Set the width of the couch as one", "write clearly" and "set aside a few" all have complete meanings and clear structures. The sentence is divided into: set the width of the lounge chair to one/write clearly/set a few beside it. (3) This question examines the ability to understand and analyze the content of the text. The key to answering this question is to understand the content of the text and do it according to the requirements and tips of the topic. Mr. Wu Liu drinks and soon gets drunk. He pursues spiritual pleasure. Both Mr. Shen Fu and Mr. Wu Liu love drinking and reading. In the process of reading, Shen Fu read "When reading fast, it is enjoyable." Mr. Wu Liu read "When reading, I don't want to know too much." Both pursue the understanding of reading. Both of them are elegant and indifferent. Seduce the mind and disturb the sight. (2) Sometimes we meet for a leisurely trip, and we don't pay attention to what we wear (just write "* * * gorgeous clothes, exquisite shoes", but we can't write "* * * clothes * * * shoes"), because we obey the etiquette (or are too lazy to obey the etiquette) and don't work hard. (2) Build a wide sofa with several lengths. Mr. Wu Liu drinks and soon gets drunk. He pursues spiritual pleasure. Both Mr. Shen Fu and Mr. Wu Liu love drinking and reading. In the process of reading, Shen Fu read "When reading fast, it is enjoyable." Mr. Wu Liu read "When reading, I don't want to know too much." Both pursue the understanding of reading. Both of them are elegant and indifferent.

3. The theory of keeping in good health in classical Chinese

Some people in the world may say that immortals can learn, and immortals can force them; Or the life on the cloud is 120, both ancient and modern. After that, is it a demon? These are all emotional losses, please discuss them as roughly as possible.

Although the immortal can't see it, it is recorded in the book, and the previous history has been passed down. Comparatively speaking, it is necessary. It seems that it is specially influenced by external factors. Naturally, it cannot be achieved by accumulated learning. As for reasonable guidance, you can be over a thousand years old and hundreds of years old, so you can have ears. And the world is not refined, you can't get it. Why is there still a long way to go? Husband takes medicine and asks for sweat, or there is a blessing; There is also an episode of shame, vagrancy. If you don't eat at last, you will think about eating; And Ceng Zi bite funeral, seven days not hungry. If you sit at night, you will feel depressed and can't sleep; If you are worried, you will get it if you don't brush your temples and make your hair look good. The anger of a strong man's broken wrist is amazing, and his hair is crowned. From this point of view, the spirit is to the bones, and the country is sovereign. God is impetuous in the middle, but his form is lost in the outside, and the monarch is unconscious in the world, and the country is in chaos.

Husband is a crop in the world of soup. Those who have the power to irrigate will rot and those who irrigate will wither. However, the benefits of irrigation cannot be falsely claimed. But people often say that anger is not enough to invade and sorrow is not enough to hurt the body. I still don't know the benefits of irrigation, and I hope that those who are dry seedlings will also. It is based on the gentleman knowing the shape and relying on God, and God must exist in the shape and realize that physiology is easy to lose, knowing that it is harmful to life. Therefore, cultivate nature and protect the spirit, feel at ease all over, love and hate are not entangled in feelings, worry and joy do not stay in the heart, take it lightly and calmly. Breathing and breathing, eating and keeping in good health, make the form and spirit close to each other, both inside and outside are helpful.

Those who farm fields are called fertile fields, which is also called the world. I don't know whether there are hundreds of species in this area. Planting a field is different. As for planting trees, the work is suspended. It is said that farmers have no hope if the price is not ten times that of the merchants. This constant is also true. And the beans are heavy, the elm is tired, the lovesickness is angry, the day lily forgets the worry, and the foolish wisdom knows it. It is well known that incense hurts the eyes and dolphins and fish are not kept. Lice head black, musk deer eat cypress, fragrant smell; The neck is dangerous, furry and the teeth are golden yellow. From this point of view, all the gas and steam eaten are dyed accordingly. Is it only steaming that makes it heavy but not light, making it dark but not bright, fumigation that makes it yellow but not thick, and fragrance that makes it fragrant but not long? Therefore, Shennong said that people who "nourish their lives with medicine and nourish their sexuality with Chinese medicine" really understand the truth of life, because they are supported by assistance. The world does not see, the grain is to see, and the melody is to worry. Eyes blurred, ears obscene. The taste is fried in the house, and the mash is broken in the stomach. Fragrant fragrance corrupts its bone marrow, while anger violates its meaning. Thinking about selling its spirit, sadness and joy ruined its essence.

The husband is like a tiger, and the attacker is not wiped out, which is easy to exhaust, while the enemy attacks from outside, and the body is not wooden. How long can it last? People who use it for themselves, if they don't eat well, will lead to various diseases; Lust and tireless, so that there is a lack; Cold wind is harmful, and it is difficult to die in the middle way. Laugh and mourn everyone in the world, saying that it is not good for life. As for unreasonable measures, death is a trivial matter, accumulation is a loss, accumulation is a decline, from decline to white, from white to old, from old to end, boring and inexplicable. Under wisdom, nature. If you don't realize it, you will regret it at the beginning, but you don't know that you are cautious about future risks. It was Huan Hou who embraced the dying and denounced Bian Que's foresight, taking the day of pain as the beginning of illness. Harm exists because of micro, so there is no cure for reactive power; Control the field of ordinary people, so you have the life of everything. Look up and look down. It's all true. With more self-testimony, with the same * * *, it is said that the principle of heaven and earth is all over. If you hear about keeping fit, you will be judged by what you see, which means something else. Secondly, I am suspicious. Although I am in the minority, I don't know why. Secondly, self-medication, one and a half years, fatigue and indiscipline, fatigue and aging, middle road waste. Or benefit from it and let nature take its course. Those who want to sit and watch the news, or suppress their feelings and abandon their desires, are always in front of their ears. After decades, they are afraid that they will both lose, hesitate internally, fight internally, induce things from outside, and rely on credit, so they will lose again.

A husband can understand things subtly, but he can't see them with his eyes. For example, he hesitated. After seven years of life, he can feel his ears. Today, with an impatient and competitive heart, I participate in the painting of hope and tranquility. Think fast and think late, and have expectations, so it can't be over. Those who have leisure do not seek work, those who seek work do not specialize in losing work, those who rely on work do not work at the same time, and those who pursue work indulge in Tao. If so, the person you want will never succeed. People who are good at keeping in good health are not. Jingtai, Qing Xu, has few selfish desires. Fame hurts morality, so suddenly you don't camp, and if you don't want it, you are forbidden. Know the harm of thick taste, so abandon it and care, not greedy and then restrain it. Foreign objects are tired but don't exist, and the air is pure and white, carefree. And keep as one, raise as one, manage as one day, and be in harmony with Dashun. Then steamed with ganoderma lucidum, moistened with ritual spring, bathed in the morning light, succumbed to the five strings, complacent, mysterious, forget the music and be happy, and come back from the dead. If so, I can live longer than envy, and Wang Qiao is struggling for the new year. Why is it nothing?

4. Reading classical Chinese (12) Yang Wangsun people, when they are filial, also make an article on 1: b make an article on 1: (1) My son silently doesn't want to do what he wants, but he is afraid of going against his father's will.

(2) Because we couldn't bear to see our loved ones die because of human nature, we formulated a ritual system of burial after death. Question 1: Heavy burial was popular in Han Dynasty, so people often spent a lot of money on it.

Yang Wangsun doesn't believe in ghosts. He believes that death is a return to nature and the body is unconscious. Yang Wangsun opposes reburial not because he is stingy, but because he has a clear understanding of death and knows that people's energy and money should be spent on meaningful things. It is really stupid to waste money for no reason.

Two thousand years ago, the ancients could have this understanding. Isn't it worth our deep thinking to compare the various ethos of pursuing luxury and waste in today's society? A little.

5. Read classical Chinese (14 points) Read the following classical Chinese and complete the small questions.1:b.

Question 2: D.

Question 3:B

Question 4:( 1) I only use my brain to understand, not my eyes to see. The function of the organ has stopped, and my mind is just using it.

(2) A good cook changes knives every year, which are used to cut muscles; Ordinary chefs change their knives once a month. They cut bones with knives.

(3) The wealth gained by doing nothing seems to me like floating clouds.

(4) Making promises to people easily will definitely lack honesty, and seeing many things easily will definitely encounter many difficulties.

Question 1: test analysis: advance, pass and surpass.

Comments: "Understanding the meaning of common notional words in the text" has two meanings: one is "common notional words", which is the scope of examination. The key is to understand the notional words in the textbook about 150; The second is "the meaning in the text", and the restrictive element "the text" is a given condition. Combining these two points, together with the specific requirements of "understanding the meaning", is not only to examine students' modality of mastering the knowledge of content words in classical Chinese, but also to examine students' ability to use this knowledge to solve practical problems.

Question 2: test analysis: the second sentence is to express the operation of skilled workers, but not to mention skills; (4) (5) Both sentences mean that I am good at understanding cows.

Comments: When doing this kind of questions, we should pay special attention to some elements involved in the options: when, where, who does what, etc. Make it clear, and then return the options to the original text for comparison, and implement it word for word. This kind of inspection is often very detailed. Be sure to read the questions (options) and the original text carefully when doing the questions.

Question 3: The test analysis: "The reason is that I have mastered the size of the cow" is wrong, but I have mastered the structure of the cow.

Comments: On the basis of grasping the main points and centers, analyze and judge the details. Only by carefully judging the relevant details of each option around the meaning of the text can we clearly distinguish whether each statement is correct or not. Attention should be paid to whether there are some common mistakes in details, such as arrogance of characters, reversal of events, confusion of events, imposition of cause and effect, incomplete summary of contents, deliberate misinterpretation, fabrication of central summary, one-sided omission, forced connection, arbitrary elevation, etc.

Question 4: Analysis of test questions: The translation of the first sentence is not a big problem. In the translation of the second noun, it is a decisive sentence to reflect the characteristics of sentence patterns. In addition, we should pay attention to the accurate translation of "home" and "fold". "clan" is popular and common; "Fold" is translated as "cut with a knife" here.

Comments: The classical Chinese sentences required to be translated in the college entrance examination questions are extracurricular, but the knowledge points examined are in the classroom, so you should memorize the texts in the teaching materials, achieve mastery and transfer them to extracurricular.

Reference translation

I touched my hand, leaned against my shoulder, stepped on my foot, and stood on my knee. There was no slurred voice when I slaughtered the cow for Wen. The dance steps coordinated with Sang Lin's movements are coordinated with Jing Shou's movements.

Wen said, "Ah! Great! How did technology get to this point? "

My master put down the butcher knife and replied, "I like pottery, which has surpassed technology." When I started killing cows, all I saw was a cow. Three years have passed and I haven't seen the whole cow. Now, I only use my mind to understand, not my eyes to see. The function of organs has stopped, but my mind is just using it. Split the gap between muscles and joints along the natural texture of cattle, and use a knife along the natural structure of cattle, that is, there is no obstacle to the connection between meridians, let alone big bones! Good chefs change a knife every year. They use it to cut muscles. Ordinary chefs change their knives once a month. They cut bones with knives. Now I have used this knife for 19 years, and solved thousands of cows, but the blade is still as sharp as a new whetstone. Because there are gaps in the joints of cattle, and the blade has no thickness; It is of course elegant to cut a slit joint with a blade without thickness. So this knife has been used for 19 years, and it still looks new. Even so, every time I meet bones and muscles, I know it's not easy to start. I am careful, my eyes are focused, my hands and feet are slow, my knife moves slightly, and the cow collapses, just like the soil falling to the ground. The cow doesn't know she's dead yet! At this moment, I stood there with a knife and looked around. I feel very satisfied, clean the knife and collect it. "

Wen said: "Good! After listening to the chef, I got the truth of keeping in good health. "

6. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions. 23.① The composition is from far to near, from the distant rainbow and Wanshan to the nearby low pavilion, Feng Dan and wine flag, with distinct layers.

(2) Bright and colorful. The poet chose images such as rainbow, mountains with green in purple, green flag (also known as green flag) and red maple to weave a splendid and beautiful picture. 24. The next section of the word (1) expresses feelings of sadness and loneliness.

(2 points) In the first two sentences, it is concluded that people travel around and accomplish nothing, and the word "floating life" means drifting experience, indicating that they are tired of drifting; "Birds of a feather flock together, birds of a feather flock together" means that the past cannot be traced back. (1) The last two sentences even reveal the desolation of the night, the cold light of the empty house at dusk.

The word "you" can especially show that the poet has been wandering for a long time and suffered a lot. (1) 23. Analysis: First of all, from the perspective of orientation, this word describes the scenery from far and near; Secondly, in the choice of color, the poet chose images such as rainbow, mountains with green in purple, green flag (the color of wine flag is blue, also known as green fork) and red maple.

Scoring standard: **3 points. Write 1.2 out of 2.

Every point should be combined with content analysis. Test center: appreciate the expression skills of ancient poetry.

The ability level is appreciation evaluation d.24. Analysis: This question examines the poet's feelings contained in his poems.

"All landscape words are sentimental words". When answering this question, pay attention to the characteristics of Shang Xun's scenery description and organize the answer in combination with the poet's writing purpose. Scoring standard: **4 points.

The two emotions in article 1 each account for 1. In the analysis of article 2 and article 3, if the meaning is right, you will get a score.

Test center: analyze and summarize the author's thoughts and feelings in the poem. The ability level is analytical synthesis C.