What are the ancient sports in China?

Weiqi is an intellectual game, which originated in China and has a history of more than 3,000 years. Weiqi contains the meanings in ancient philosophy, such as one yuan gives birth to two instruments, two instruments gives birth to four elephants, four elephants give birth to eight diagrams, a place with a round sky, solar terms in the 19th agricultural season, days of 360 weeks and so on. It is rich in variety, profound in meaning and infinite in charm.

Now Go has gone abroad. There are millions of people in Asia, and many people in Europe and America can play Go.

The rules of Go are very simple, but it has a broad space to play, which makes the changes of Go numerous and much more complicated than China's chess. This is the charm of Go. Generally, the next game of Go takes more time than the next game of China chess. Fast games take fifteen minutes and slow games take several days. Most of the time, the next game of chess takes an hour or two.

Playing more Weiqi is helpful to people's brains. It can strengthen a person's computing ability, memory, creativity, thinking ability and judgment ability, and make him more focused. Many people also think that playing Go will improve children's learning and help them better analyze what they have learned.

Chapter I General Provisions

The first game of Go.

1. There are 19 parallel lines on the chessboard with the same distance in the vertical and horizontal directions, and * * * constitutes 36 1 intersection points (hereinafter referred to as "points"). There are several points on the disk. Known as the star position, the central star position is also called "Tianyuan".

Second, the chess pieces are divided into black and white. They are all oblate. The number of chess pieces should be sunspot 180 and Bai Zi 18 1.

The second step of go

First, both sides of the game each hold a piece of the same color, first black and then white, alternately next, only one at a time.

Second, the chess pieces are placed on the points of the chessboard.

Third, after the pieces are finished, they are not allowed to move to other points.

Four, it is the right of both parties to take turns, but either party is allowed to give up this right.

The third true qi

There is a chess piece on the chessboard, and the empty point next to a straight line is the qi of this chess piece. If there are chess pieces of the same color at the points close to each other on a straight line, they are connected to each other into an inseparable whole. Their anger should be counted together. If there are chess pieces of different colors at the points directly adjacent to the chess pieces, the sound will cease to exist. If all the qi is occupied by the other party, it will be in an airless state. It is impossible for an inanimate chess piece to exist on the chessboard, that is, the fourth one-the liter.

Article 4 raisins

The way to take a lifeless son out of the plate is called "lifting the child"

There are two kinds of raisins:

First, after playing chess, the opponent's chess pieces are lifeless, so they should be taken out immediately.

Second, after the next chess game, the chess pieces of both sides are lifeless, and the lifeless son of the other side should be pulled out immediately.

After one of the opponent's pieces is pulled out, it is a forbidden point (also called a forbidden point)

Article 5 the forbidden point

Any player on the board, such as a chess player, will be in a state of lifelessness at once, and he can't extract the opponent's pieces at the same time. This point is called "forbidden point" and players are forbidden to play.

Article 6. It is forbidden to copy the same shape on a global scale.

Article 7 finality

First of all, the chess game is final when both sides unanimously confirm the completion of the game.

Second, in the competition, one party gives up halfway, which is the final. The other team won in the middle set.

Article 8 Live chess and dead chess

At the end of the game, the chess that both sides can't avoid is dead. At the end of the game, all the chess that cannot be drawn after confirmation by both parties are live chess. Live chess has two or more real eyes. Dead chess has no two real eyes.

Article 9 Calculation results

In the chess game where both sides have finished, the outcome is calculated by numerical method. First, clear all the dead chess of both sides from the disk, and then count the live chess of one side (including the points surrounded by live chess) by the players. The live chess of both sides is divided in half, and one point is a child. The benchmark for winning or losing is18012 points, which is half of the total number of chess points. If the sum of one side's active chess and its empty chess points is greater than this number, it is victory; If it is less than this number, it is negative; If it is equal to this number, it is sum. The winning and losing standards of chess games with posts shall be stipulated separately.

Chapter II Competition Clauses

The first is the determination of priority.

The order of the competition is decided by the general assembly by drawing lots or guessing before the competition.

The second post

In order to offset the efficiency of the first move of the black side, the black side needs to publish two and three quarters of the scores in the final calculation of the current national official competition.

Article 3 Timing

Timing is one of the important means to ensure the smooth progress of the game. All qualified competitions should adopt the timing system.

First, time limit According to the different nature of the game, the time limit for each player to play a game of chess should be stipulated in advance. The time used by a chess player shall not exceed the prescribed time limit. The time limit of a game of chess can be long or short, the grass-roots competition can be set as 1-2 hours, and the national competition is required to end within one day.

Second, the countdown in the countdown competition, it should be stipulated in advance that a few minutes should be reserved within the time limit to start the countdown. A five-minute countdown is reserved for national competitions, and a one-minute countdown can also be reserved for grassroots competitions. When counting seconds, any movement less than one minute is not counted. Every minute, one minute will be deducted from the retention time, but the specified time shall not be used up. The countdown is executed by the referee, and the time is reported every 30 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds, 58 seconds and 1 minute. For every minute reserved, the referee shall promptly notify the players that "X minutes remain". The counting method of the last minute is 30 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, and then 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ... are reported in an accurate voice every second. The final reporting method is "10, and overtime will be judged as negative". The counting method of seconds in fast chess competition can be stipulated separately by the competition conference according to the specific situation.

Article 4 finality

1. Except as stipulated in Article 7 of the General Provisions, a game in which either party abstained or was judged as negative or tied by the referee for various reasons shall also be regarded as final.

Second, the final confirmation of both parties should be in the order of roulette first, and then the other party uses different colored pieces outside the line in the lower right corner of the checkerboard.

Article 5. Pause the game and seal the chess.

The suspension time of the competition with suspension is stipulated (such as one-day competition, noon suspension, etc.). ) is not included in the game time limit. For major games, the game can be closed. When the game is closed, the game is not over yet. Players who place orders should leave immediately. After thinking, the player who gives the order will write down the prepared points on the record paper, and then seal it to the referee. In the rematch, the referee unsealed it on the spot and put it in the marked position, and the game continued.

Article 6 the discipline of the stadium

First, the opponent shall not abstain from the competition for no reason.

Two, the game, the opponent must not have any behavior that interferes with the other party's thinking.

Three, the game, the opponent is not allowed to discuss the game with others, or access to relevant information.

Four, the game, the opponent is not allowed to walk back and forth in the field, watching others play chess.

Five, the game should pay attention to civilized words and deeds, keep clean and tidy.

Article 7 Rights and obligations of dissidents

First, in a few seconds, you have the right to ask yourself how many minutes you have left.

Two, if you find that there are enough phenomena or problems that hinder your normal competition, you have the right to put forward opinions to the referee. However, except for more urgent events, opponents should raise them in their own time.

Three, the final calculation of the outcome, the opponent has the right to request the correction of the number of people and the calculation of the outcome of the error.

Four, the referee makes a judgment, the opponent must obey, if in doubt, should immediately appeal to the general assembly through organizational procedures.

Five, the opponent has the obligation to abide by the discipline of the stadium.

6. When the opponent leaves the table, he is obliged to tell the other party where the chess pieces are.

Seven, after the game, the opponent has the obligation to pack up the chess set and leave immediately.

Article 8 Playing chess

1. If one party does not abstain and the other party takes two steps in a row, the one who takes two steps in a row will be judged negative. Second, after the chess pieces are finished, pick them up from the chessboard and put them elsewhere. Put the chess pieces back and give a warning. If the chess piece is indeed tied, it is allowed to pick it up and move around at will.

3. Halfway through the game, I found that the chess pieces in front and below had moved. After obtaining the unanimous opinion of the players, the mover can be judged to move back to its original place, or it can be judged to be valid. If you have any objection, you should report it to the referee immediately. The referee can judge: 1. According to the influence degree of the mover on the chess course, the mover moves back to the original position; 2. The action is effective; 3. Draw 4. If the relocation is intentional, the relocation should be judged as negative.

4. During the competition, if the competition breaks up due to irresistible reasons, both parties shall confirm to continue the competition. If neither side can make a counter-offer, they will be awarded peace or an important contract. If the opponent is really inadvertently distracted, the game can be restarted. If you can't resume the game, it will be judged as the negative of Sanqi game. If one side deliberately disperses the chess game, it will be judged negative.

Article 9 raisins

After giving birth to a child, the angry son of the other party will be picked up by mistake, and the person who made the mistake will be warned once to put the angry son back.

Article 10 Forbidden point

When the chess piece is at the forbidden point, it is judged invalid and abstained once.

Article 1 1 global homomorphism

First, the robbery is returned immediately, and the person who returns is judged invalid and abstained once.

Secondly, in the end, according to the principle of prohibiting global isomorphic copying, the "fake fate" as shown in Figure 3 is not allowed as a live chess.

Third, for rare special cases such as the cycle of three robberies and four robberies, longevity, and two sons who do not give in to each other, they can be judged to be tied or beaten again.

4. According to the principle of prohibiting global isomorphic copying, the opponent shall not take the situation shown in Figure 8 or similar situations as the final reason.

Article 12 finality

First, the runner confirms the final decision, and then gives up. If the opponent disagrees with the final decision, he can make another move. At this time, the abstention party resumes the right to start the game and continues the game until the two sides confirm the final game.

Second, both sides said that after the final, if there are still points on the chessboard that can be disputed by both sides, it will be treated as double play.

Three, the confirmation of dead chess and live chess must be agreed by both parties. Any dispute should be solved by actual combat.

Article 22 chess seal

When the game is resumed, the sealing party must press the sealing point. If there is a chess piece in the seal, you will be given a waiver, and it is the opponent's turn to play chess.

Article 23 time arrangement

In a time-limited game:

1. If one party is late for more than the time specified in the competition venue, the waiver will be negative.

2. If both parties are late for more than the specified time, both parties will be sentenced to abstain.

Three, one or both parties are not late for more than the specified time, then within the time limit of one or both parties, their respective hours of lateness will be deducted.

Fourth, when lifting a child, you must clear the chess pieces before ringing the bell, and the offenders will be advised or warned once. But when counting seconds, weightlifters don't count time.

Five, the game time (including counting seconds) exceeds the time limit, will be sentenced to negative.

Six, countdown time players leave, the referee should continue to time according to regulations, extra time to be rewarded. If a chess player needs to leave the table urgently, he must ask for the permission of the referee when his opponent is thinking, but only once in each game.

Article 24 the discipline of the stadium

1. If an opponent withdraws without reason, he shall be given a warning and reported to the organizing committee of the conference.

Two, if there is any behavior that hinders others from thinking, give advice or warning once.

Third, before the end of the game, the opponent will consult the information or talk to others, and will be given a warning or negative sentence according to the circumstances.

Article 25 Others

A, where the referee law does not include the foul phenomenon, the referee can make a reasonable judgment according to the spirit of the general rules or the rules of the game, in the case of unable to confirm, should promptly report to the referee.

Two, the game was sentenced to a warning, should be recorded, in a game of chess twice in a row, sentenced to negative.

Not long ago, the Chinese Weiqi Association (hereinafter referred to as the Association) revised the Grade System of Weiqi Amateurs in China and the Grade System of Weiqi Amateurs in China, which aroused widespread concern of Weiqi enthusiasts all over the country and Weiqi workers in various provinces and cities. In order to let you know more about the contents of this document and the revised outline, we will make the following analysis according to the revision process of this document.

At the beginning of 2005, the State Sports General Administration (hereinafter referred to as the General Administration) held a meeting on athletes' technical level, and some general administration centers and provincial and municipal sports bureaus sent representatives to attend the meeting. The content of the meeting is to solicit opinions on the revision of athletes' technical grades, to convey the ideas of the General Administration on the management of athletes' technical grades, and to introduce some latest preferential policies of the General Administration and the Ministry of Education on athletes' going to college. (See the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education and the General Administration for details. ) emphasizes the importance of strict management of athletes' technical grades, and requires athletes of relevant grades to make public announcements before obtaining the title of grades in the future, so as to be fair, open and just. Amateur position is an important reference standard for the technical level of Go players (1 players and below). According to the spirit of the General Administration, the association also needs to strictly manage amateur posts to be fair, open and just.

As early as 1992, the association established the amateur level of Go in China. At that time, I borrowed some experiences from other countries, the main purpose of which was to increase the interest of Go lovers. In addition, at that time, the policy of athletes going to college was not obvious in Go, so people did not strictly associate amateur position with grade certification. Now amateur jobs must be managed according to grade certification. It can be said that this is the biggest difference between China's Go Amateur Grade System and China's Go Amateur Grade System and 1992 China's Go Amateur Grade System.

The following highlights several changes:

First, publicity

1. Players who have obtained the amateur certificates in paragraphs 7, 6 (for 1 level athletes), 5, and 4 (for level 2 athletes) issued by the Chinese Go Association must be publicized on the Go website of the Chinese Chess Academy.

Note: Athletes above Grade 2 can already enjoy greater preferential policies, so they must be strictly required.

2. The chess institutes, chess associations or Go associations under the jurisdiction of the sports bureaus of all provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government (hereinafter referred to as the first-level institutions) shall record the information of players who have obtained amateur certificates of 1 or above within their respective jurisdictions and report them to the associations for later use.

Note: I hope that local chess associations will strengthen information management and better organize activities for Go lovers. The association has mastered the information of Weiqi fans all over the country, which is convenient for statistics, provides information and builds an interactive platform for fans.

Second, identify

1. First, the first-level institutions recommend expert chess players to the association, which will take effect after the approval of the association.

Note: Enhance the authority of local chess associations.

2. The amateur recommended by the appraisers should be over 18 years old, and the amateur position obtained through appraisal cannot be used as the basis for applying for the level athletes.

Note:/kloc-Amateur chess players under 0/8 years old are the most sensitive and contradictory group of athletes. We encourage small chess players to get good results in the competition and get amateur positions in line with their own strength through their own efforts.

Third, the annual review

In order to make local chess associations better meet the requirements of the General Administration and the Association, since 2005, the Association has implemented the annual examination system of the first-level institutions.

Note: Units that practise fraud, issue certificates indiscriminately or fail to put on record shall be supervised. Corresponding measures will also be taken for the first-level institutions that have been inactive for a long time.

Fourth, the certificate

1, unified reservation. The first-level agency reserves the required certificate amount from June 65438+February 1 to June 3 1 every year, and receives the reserved certificate after passing the annual examination.

Note: unified booking is convenient for management and reduces workload.

2. Certificate number. The serial number of the festival card is ***9 digits, and the numbering method is as follows: the first 3 digits are the first 3 digits of the ID card number of each province (city), the middle 2 digits are the year number, and the last 4 digits are the serial numbers of each grade issued in the current year. The top three figures of China Weiqi Association are 000.

Note: It is convenient for statistics.

V. Military rank system

Adopt the suggestion of local chess association, increase the grade system, and facilitate popularization.

This is the first revision of the amateur level of Go in China since 1992 was formulated by the association. Since 13, Go has become more popular all over the country, loved by more people, and its social influence has increased. The amateur position of Go is well known by the society as a standard to measure the level of chess players, and the position certificate is also accepted by the society as grade certification. This is the result of the development of Weiqi, the heartfelt support of our vast number of Weiqi fans, and the hard-won result. The more amateur positions can reflect the actual level of the players, the higher the social awareness will be, and the more rewards the players who really work hard at Go will get. On the contrary, if we neglect to maintain this system and standard, social recognition will gradually drift away.

In short, on the one hand, the association's management of amateur positions should conform to the regulations of the General Administration on the technical level of athletes, on the other hand, it should absorb the suggestions of the vast number of Go lovers and local Go associations and gradually improve them.

chinese weiqi association

September 20(th), 2005

Transfer from Sohu

Go is called "hand talk". Both sides communicate with each other in the language of moving the ball, and each hand transmits information.

Tactically, there is a saying in Weiqi that "Jinjiao has a silver border and a grass belly". It means that the same amount of land is enclosed, and both sides of the chessboard can be used on the corners of the chessboard, which requires the least force (number of hands); The edge of the chessboard can only use one side of the chessboard, which requires more strength (number of hands); In the chessboard, there is no edge in the middle abdomen, which requires the most force (number of hands). Therefore, the mainstream game mode is mainly based on the corners of the chessboard.

Weiqi is an economics. Different from other chess events, the process of catching some opponents' pieces first and then pursuing the goal to win, Weiqi takes the side that controls the territory as the winner and pursues the numerical advantage; Go, like other chess events, is also played by both sides in turn, and the opportunity of playing chess pieces and moves is a scarce resource for players. Economics is a science that studies how to allocate scarce resources for different purposes in order to satisfy the infinite desires of human beings as much as possible. Weiqi studies how to allocate the limited military resources well and satisfy the desire of the players to control more territory as much as possible. It is easy to use your own six pieces to fence the corner with two live chess, but the efficiency of resource allocation is very low, and your opponent's six pieces can completely surround more live chess and gain an advantage.

The core concept of economics (1) is opportunity cost. You can't have your cake and eat it. Both fish and bear's paw are opportunity costs and must be chosen. This is also reflected in the unique "robbery" of Go. Rob and don't rob is the opportunity cost of each other, and we must choose. The principle of comparative advantage is also applicable.

In fact, choice runs through the whole process of playing chess. If you understand Go from the perspective of moderation or' harmony', you will have more experience of life.

Different from chess, military chess and military chess, the number of sub-forces on the chessboard is monotonously decreasing with the progress of the chess game, and it is impossible to increase. In addition to being eaten, the number of children on the board of Go generally increases with the progress of the game. Therefore, except the first move, every move is an increment on the basis of the original situation, and every move behind it should be marginal analysis, which is an important research method of economics.

Game theory is summarized from all kinds of games including Go, and it is also applicable to Go.

Another important principle of economics is that more expected returns are often accompanied by greater risks, and so is Go. It is more reliable to surround two destinations in the corner with your own six pieces. You can be the master in these two destinations without risk, but the income of only two destinations is very low; It is more profitable to enclose more sites with the same six blocks, but sometimes such sites may not be able to make their own decisions, and there is a risk of being broken by opponents. How similar this is to the economic phenomenon!

Go is a bit like enclosure in economic history.

The origin of weiqi

Weiqi is figuratively likened to a black-and-white world. It is a favorite entertainment and competitive activity in ancient China, and it is also the oldest board game in human history. Because it integrates science, art and competition, it has the characteristics of developing intelligence, cultivating will quality and flexible strategic and tactical thinking. Therefore, it has flourished for thousands of years and gradually developed into an international cultural competition.

Weiqi, called chess in ancient China, can be said to be the originator of the whole ancient chess. It is said that it has a history of more than 4,000 years. According to Shiben, Go was written by Yao. Zhang Hua, a Jin native, also said in the Natural History: "Shun pretended to teach his son to be a fool." Yao Shun is a legendary figure. The theory of making Weiqi is not credible, but it reflects the early origin of Weiqi. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Weiqi has been widely circulated in the society. Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-five Years of "xianggong" once recorded such a thing. In 559 BC, the monarch of Wei was deported by Dr. Ning Zhi and others. Later, Ning Zhi's son promised to welcome Wei Xiangong back. Criticized: "Ningjia is going to be in trouble. The players are indecisive and unable to couple. What is the situation? " The word "indecision" in Weiqi is used to describe political indecision, which shows that Weiqi activities have become a common thing in the society at that time.

Qin destroyed the six countries and unified the whole country. There are few records about Go. It is recorded in the third volume of Miscellanies of Xijing that Du Fu in Ling Du was the first person in the world in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, but such records are as few as stars, indicating that the development of Weiqi was still relatively slow at that time. By the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society was still in a state of "being knowledgeable in the world and being good at chess". It was not until the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty that Weiqi became popular again. 1952, archaeologists found a stone chess board in the Eastern Han Tomb No.1 in Wang Du, Hebei Province. The chessboard is square with four legs under it, and the situation is 17, which provides vivid materials for the shape of Weiqi chessboard in Han and Wei Dynasties. Associated with the frequent wars in Han and Wei dynasties for hundreds of years, the battle of Go has also become an important tool for training military talents. Ma Rong in the Eastern Han Dynasty regarded Go as a small battlefield and played it as a battle. "Three feet game is a battlefield;" Chen Jushi died, and the two enemies are even. "At that time, many famous military strategists, such as Cao Cao, Sun Ce and Lu Xun, etc. During the Three Kingdoms period, he was outstanding on the battlefield and in chess. Wang Shen, one of the famous "seven sons of Jian 'an", is not only famous for his poems and prose, but also a master of Weiqi. It is said that he has an amazing memory, and he knows the play and style of Go like the back of his hand, and he can re-display the "bad" chess he has seen.

The Go system in China has undergone two important changes in history, mainly due to the increase of local roads. Before and after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, important changes took place for the first time. Han Weidanchun's Book of Changes says that before and after Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were "vertical and horizontal chess games 17 games, totaling 289 games, with white chess 150 pieces and black chess 150 pieces". This is exactly the same as the Go system of the Eastern Han Dynasty found in Wang Du, Hebei. However, the Chess Classic of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, discovered in the stone room of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, records that the chess game at that time was "361, imitating Sunday." Explain that Go with 19 channel has become popular at this time. This is exactly the same as the current chess game, reflecting that Go at that time had its original customization.

Due to the rise of metaphysics in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, scholars are proud of speaking clearly, so playing Go is more prosperous, and playing Go is called "hand talk". The upper rulers are all good at playing chess. They set officials by chess, established a "chess product" system, and awarded "character" (grade) to "chess players" with a certain level. Chess at that time was divided into nine categories. "Biography of Heather Liu Yun" contains: "Liang Wudi is good at playing chess, and there are 278 people on the chess score." This shows the universality of chess activities. Now Japanese Go is divided into "nine segments", which is the reason. These changes have greatly promoted the improvement of Weiqi entertainment technology and laid the foundation for the further development of Weiqi entertainment in China and its spread abroad.

The Tang and Song Dynasties can be regarded as the second great change period of Weiqi entertainment in history. Due to the emperor's love and other reasons, Weiqi has developed by leaps and bounds, and the wind of playing chess has spread all over the country. At this time, Weiqi lies not only in its military value, but also in cultivating sentiment, pleasing body and mind, and increasing wisdom. Playing chess, playing the piano, writing poems and painting are regarded as elegant things by people and become entertainment items suitable for men, women and children. The silk painting "Ladies Playing Chess" unearthed from the Tang Tomb at Astana 187 in Turpan, Xinjiang, depicts the image of aristocratic women playing Go at that time. At that time, the chess game was dominated by 19, and the players had changed from square to round. 1959 The porcelain Weiqi board unearthed from Zhang Sheng's tomb of Sui Dynasty in Anyang, Henan Province, and the ivory chess board with wooden clips presented to Emperor Xiaowu of Japan in the Tang Dynasty and now stored in Zhengcang Hospital of Japan are 19 in both vertical and horizontal directions. The black and white round chess pieces in Tang Dynasty collected by China Sports Museum and 50 black and white round chess pieces unearthed from the tomb of Yang Gong Song in Huai 'an all reflect the changes and development of Weiqi in this period.

The implementation of the system of "playing chess with imperial edict" in the Tang Dynasty is a new symbol in the development history of China Weiqi. The so-called equal-faith chess is a professional chess player who accompanied the emperor in the Hanlin Academy in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the chess players dedicated to the palace were all selected through strict examination. They all have first-class chess skills, so they are called "national players". Famous chess players in the Tang Dynasty include Xuanzong Wang, Wang, Gu Shiyan and Xinzong Slip. Due to the implementation of the equal trust system, the influence of Go has been expanded and the social status of chess players has been improved. This system lasted for more than 500 years from the early Tang Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, which greatly promoted the development of Go in China.

Since the Tang Dynasty, with the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, the flourishing Go has gradually gone abroad. First of all, Japan sent a delegation of Tang envoys to bring Weiqi back, and Weiqi soon spread in Japan. Not only have many famous players emerged in Weiqi, but they are also very particular about the making of chess pieces and chess games. For example, in the second year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign in the Tang Dynasty (848), the chess pieces brought by the Japanese prince who paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty were made by "jade", while the chess pieces in the Handtalking Pool on Zhen Ji Island were made by "Yu Zi". Besides Japan, Baekje, Koryo, Silla and other places on the Korean Peninsula also have contacts with China, especially Silla has sent envoys to Tang for many times, and the exchange of Go is more common. The story of the chess game between Yang, a master of Go in Tang Dynasty, and Silla's chess player was described in The Story of the New Tang Dynasty, which shows that Silla's Go had reached a certain level at that time.

By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the level of chess had been rapidly improved. One of its manifestations is the proliferation of schools. During the Ming Dynasty and Jiajing period, three famous schools of Weiqi were formed: one was Yongjia School, with Bao as its crown and Xu Xisheng as its disciple; First, the Xin 'an school, with Cheng as the crown, Wang Shu and Fang Zi as the attachments; The first is the Shi Jing School with Yan Lun and Li Fu (Beijingers) as its crown. These three schools have different styles and different offensive and defensive layouts, but they are all famous players at that time. Under their impetus, Weiqi, which has long been monopolized by the literati, began to develop among the citizens, and a number of "small and medium-sized players" emerged. Through frequent folk competitions, they further popularized the game of Go.

With the prosperity of Weiqi entertainment, a large number of Weiqi handbooks compiled by some folk players have appeared, such as Love Letter, Fairy Tales from Stone Chambers, Chess Manual of the Three Kingdoms, Arsenal of Fairy Tales, Chess History and Chess Question. More than 20 versions of Weiqi manuals in Ming Dynasty are precious works, from which we can get a glimpse of highly developed Weiqi skills and theories at that time.

The Manchu rulers absorbed and advocated the Han culture, which also made Go entertainment activities highly developed in the Qing Dynasty, with a large number of famous artists and unprecedented prosperity of chess houses. There were a number of famous artists in the early Qing Dynasty, among which Guo Bailing, Shan Dayou and Wu Ruicheng were the most famous. In particular, Guo Bailing's two-volume Zi Si Pu changed the writing style of the old Ming Dynasty, elaborated it in detail, and became a masterpiece.

From the end of Kangxi to the beginning of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, the chess world became more prosperous, and a large number of famous players emerged in the chess world. Among them, Liang Weijin, Cheng Lanru, Fan Xiping and Shi Xiangxiang are called "Four Great Masters". Among them, Liang Weijin's chess style is ingenious and changeable, which has benefited Shi Xiangxiang and Fan Xiping a lot. Both Shi and Fan 'er are from Haining, Zhejiang Province, and they became famous as teenagers, and they were called "two wonders of Haichang". It is said that when Shi Xiangxiang was 30 years old and Fan Xiping was 365,438+0 years old, they had a fight in Danghu. After 65,438+00 games, the outcome was neck and neck. Ten innings in Danghu won a thrilling performance and became a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation.