Rodent 1960 Xinli 1 1 month 27, Yue Yue, Li Yue.

1960 165438+ October 27th 1960 is the ninth day of October.

Lunar calendar (nóng lì) is a traditional calendar in China, and there are other names, such as Chinese calendar, summer calendar, Korean calendar and Chinese calendar. The lunar calendar is not a simple lunar calendar, but a combination of yin and yang. Take the change period of the moon phase as the length of the month, add the "24 solar terms" component of the trunk calendar, and refer to the length of the tropical year of the sun as the year. By setting leap months, the average calendar year can adapt to the tropic year. Lunar calendar is a calendar based on China calendar (lunar calendar) and integrated with solar calendar. Therefore, strictly speaking, the lunar calendar in China should not be called the lunar calendar, but the combined calendar of yin and yang. [ 1-2]?

The lunar calendar belongs to a kind of lunar calendar: its years are divided into flat years and leap years. An average year is twelve months; A leap year is thirteen months. A month is divided into a big month and a small month, with 30 days in the big month and 29 days in the small month, and its average calendar month is equal to the full moon.

The lunar calendar is based on the lunar calendar (China calendar), because the lunar calendar is based on the change of the moon phase, regardless of the movement of the earth around the sun, so the changes of the four seasons in the summer calendar have no fixed time and cannot reflect the changes of seasons; However, the calendar can reflect the tidal phenomenon and is a guide for guiding maritime activities in ancient times. Different from the fixed solar year of 365 days or 366 days, the annual solar year differs from the lunar year by one month, with only 354 days or 355 days in a year; In order to coordinate the number of days between the first month of the lunar calendar and the tropic year, the "leap method" is adopted to adjust the total number of days between the lunar calendar and the tropic year.

Calendar is a rule to measure a long time interval, judge climate change and predict the arrival of seasons according to the natural laws of astronomical changes. According to the calendar year and month, it is divided into solar calendar, lunar calendar and yin-yang calendar. There are three kinds of calendars: lunar calendar, solar calendar and yin-yang calendar. In the lunar calendar, its basic calendar rules have been gradually improved and formed by generations, and its form has continued to this day. The calendar with the moon as the basic unit is the lunar calendar, and the calendar with the solar year as the basic unit is the solar calendar. The lunar calendar is a calendar based on the summer calendar (lunar calendar) and the solar calendar. [2-3]?

China's calendar, also known as the lunar calendar, is a kind of lunar calendar, also known as the lunar calendar, which is based on the law that the moon revolves around the earth. Take the moon's orbit around the earth as a month, that is, take the new moon as the basis for determining the calendar month. A month in the summer calendar is called "Shuowangyue". The first day of each month is a new moon, and the fifteenth day is a new moon. The "new moon" is the average period of the moon's profit and loss. The summer calendar only looks at the moon, regardless of the tropical year, so it has nothing to do with the four seasons. Because the lunar calendar (China calendar) is based on the change of the moon phase, it does not consider the movement of the earth around the sun, so it cannot reflect the seasonal changes to accurately guide farming. Although the summer calendar can't accurately reflect the seasons and guide farming, it can reflect the tides, which are dominated by the moon. The lunar calendar based on the change of moon phases is a guide to ancient navigation activities. Ocean navigation, offshore fishing, mariculture, ocean engineering and various coastal production activities are all affected by tides. Tide refers to the periodic movement of seawater under the tidal force of celestial bodies (mainly the moon and the sun), which is a natural phenomenon in coastal areas. In ancient China, the tides during the day were called "tides" and those at night were called "solar tides", which were collectively called "tides". Its occurrence is related to the gravity of the sun and the moon, and also corresponds to the lunar calendar. On the first day of each month in the summer calendar, the sun and the moon are on one side of the earth, so there is the largest tidal force, which will cause a "spring tide". Near the 15th or 16th day of each month in the summer calendar, the sun and the moon are on both sides of the earth, and the tidal force of the sun and the moon will also cause a "spring tide". When the first quarter moon and the second quarter moon are in the same month, that is, on the eighth and twenty-third days of the summer calendar, the tidal force of the sun and the tidal force of the moon cancel each other out, so there is a "small tide", so there is a saying in the agricultural proverb that "the spring tide starts on the fifteenth day of the first month and the beach is everywhere on August 23rd". [4]?

The trunk calendar, also called solar calendar or China solar calendar, is an abstruse calendar. This is a calendar marked with 60 different groups of heavenly stems and earthly branches. It mainly consists of four parts: dry branch year, dry branch month, dry branch day and dry branch time. It takes beginning of spring as the beginning of the year and festivals as the beginning of the month. When you get old, you will return to that year, and one section is a month. Ganzhili discussed the relationship between the sun and the earth through heavenly stems and earthly branches, and the 24 solar terms and the zodiac were the basic contents. It manages years and months and has 24 solar terms. China has a vast territory, complex geographical conditions, great differences in climate and different seasons, so the specific climatic significance of solar terms does not apply to all parts of the country. For example, in the climatology of beginning of spring and China, beginning of spring is usually defined as a day when the daily average temperature is stable above 10℃ every five days, which is inconsistent with the meaning of beginning of spring in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Only the Lingnan area really enters the spring, and the solar terms are only a reference for many areas. The 24 solar terms are divided according to the ecliptic plane. Twelve months divided by twenty-four solar terms, each month contains two solar terms, and there is no leap month. Twenty-four solar terms are related to the periodic motion of the earth around the sun, and their days and months are determined by the apparent motion of the sun, and have nothing to do with the moon phase. Also different from the usual solar calendar (such as the Gregorian calendar), the length of the Gregorian calendar is artificially specified and has nothing to do with the astronomical phenomena; The year, month and day of the elephant trunk calendar are determined by the astronomical phenomena and do not need to be adjusted artificially. It is a calendar that completely conforms to the laws of the astronomical phenomena. At present, dry calendars are still popular in books such as perpetual calendars, which are used for astrology, geomantic omen and numerology.

The lunar calendar is based on the lunar calendar (summer calendar) and the solar calendar, combining yin and yang. Taking the change period of the moon phase as the length of the month, plus the "24 solar terms" component of the dry calendar, and referring to the length of the tropical year of the sun as the year, the average calendar year is adapted to the tropical year by setting leap months. Therefore, the lunar calendar has both lunar and solar elements. Unlike the Gregorian calendar, which is fixed at 365 days or 366 days, the Gregorian calendar sometimes differs from the Gregorian calendar by one month. In order to coordinate the number of days between the tropic year and the first month of the lunar calendar, the lunar calendar came into being. The method is to add 24 solar terms and "19 7 leap year" to the calendar (that is, add 7 leap years to 19 lunar year). There is one more leap month in the leap year of the lunar calendar, so there are 383.8978 days in a year on average, while there are 354.3672 days in the normal year of the lunar calendar. ) make the average number of days in a year consistent with the number of days in the Tropic of Cancer. Therefore, this calendar conforms to both the moon and the periodic movement of the earth around the sun. The "leap year method" sets 7 leap months every 19, and the year with leap months has an average of 383.8978 days, which is called leap year. The leap rule takes the winter solstice as the calculation starting point, from the calendar month of winter solstice in A year to the calendar month of winter solstice in B year (excluding). If there are only twelve moons, it is set as a normal year and there is no leap year. If there are thirteen new months, the first calendar month without neutral gas will be set as leap month, which is called leap month, counting from the calendar month in which the winter solstice of the first year is located. [ 1-2]?

Old calendar, old calendar and lunar calendar also refer to the lunar calendar. However, the old calendar and the old calendar are only relative to the new calendar (that is, the Gregorian calendar), and they are not proper titles. The lunar calendar is actually a calendar arranged only according to the changes of the moon phases. Many people think that the lunar calendar is the lunar calendar, but there are still differences between the two. Compared with the solar calendar, the time of the lunar calendar is about one year 10.875 days. If we follow the lunar calendar completely, we will celebrate the Spring Festival in summer in less than five years. However, this didn't happen, because there was a great invention in China's calendar called "definite leap method". Because the lunar calendar is based on the solar calendar, and the lunar calendar is a combination of yin and yang. The lunar calendar takes the new moon as the first day of each month. Astronomically speaking, the so-called "new moon" has a definite moment, that is, the ecliptic of the moon is the same as that of the sun. The length of the calendar month in the lunar calendar is subject to the first month of the lunar calendar, with 30 days in the first month and 29 days in the second month. The first lunar month and the second lunar month complement each other, making the average length of calendar months close to the first lunar month. The calendar year of the lunar calendar is based on the tropic year, but a tropic year is more than 12 months and less than 13 months. When astronomers compile the lunar calendar, in order to make any day in a month contain the meaning of the moon phase, that is, there must be no moon at the first night, and the fifteenth day is the full moon, which is dominated by the moon and takes into account the seasons.

Zodiac: it is the coordinate value used to determine the position of celestial bodies on the celestial sphere in the ecliptic coordinate system. * * * divided into 360 degrees. In this system, the celestial sphere is divided into two hemispheres by the ecliptic plane. The sun runs at 0 degrees of the ecliptic for the vernal equinox, at 90 degrees of the ecliptic for the summer solstice, at 180 degrees for the autumn equinox, and at 270 degrees for the winter solstice.

Homogeneous level: the uneven motion of the sun on the ecliptic is not considered in the calculation, and the first anniversary (tropic year) is divided into 24 solar terms, and the average number of days between the two solar terms is 15.22 days.

Steady gas: the uneven motion of the sun on the ecliptic is considered in the calculation. Take spring as the starting point of 0 degrees, and every time the sun runs on the ecliptic 15 degrees as a solar term, and each solar term has different time. The days between the two solar terms are different, the short one is only 14 days, and the long one is 16 days.

Solar terms: A year is divided into 12 solar terms, 12 neutral terms and * * * 24 solar terms. The solar terms were originally determined by the direction of bucket handle, and then for a period of time, they evolved into the method of "calming the qi" and then the method of "fixing the qi". Before Li Shixian in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1645), the gas was calibrated, and after Li Shixian in the Qing Dynasty, the gas was calibrated. Pay attention to the difference between labeling and calculation.

Shuori: The day when the moon moves between the earth and the sun is called Shuori.

Pingshuo: calculated by the average length of the moon, regardless of the inequality between the sun and the moon; Disadvantages: Days with real "new moons" may sometimes appear on the last day of the previous month ("dark days", that is, the 29th or 30th day of the lunar calendar), and sometimes appear on the second day.

Deciding the new moon: the inequality between the sun and the moon is taken into account in the calculation, and the day of the real "new moon" is taken as the beginning of each month.

Winter solstice: the day when the winter solstice is handed over is called winter solstice. The winter solstice must be in the second month: set the day of the winter solstice or the day before the winter solstice as the "starting point" of the first day of the second month (note: the starting point is different from fortune telling).

Calendar: it can be divided into solar calendar, lunar calendar and yin-yang calendar;

Gregorian calendar: A year is divided into 12 months, which has nothing to do with the movement of the moon. According to the date of the solar calendar, we can know that the four seasons change from cold to summer, and guide agriculture reasonably. Gregorian calendar (scientific name Gregory calendar) is a kind of solar calendar.

Lunar calendar (lunar calendar): The lunar calendar in China does not belong to this category, but people are used to calling it the lunar calendar in life. Take the waning period of the moon (new moon, equal to 29.530588 days) as one month, and the product of 12 months is one year. The annual apparent motion law of the sun is completely ignored, so the date of the lunar calendar can't show the warmth and coldness of the four seasons. This calendar has no practical value, except for Islam, which has been abandoned.

Lunar calendar: China lunar calendar belongs to this category. It takes the moon phase, that is, the change cycle of the moon, as the month length and the return year of the sun as the age. By setting leap months, the average calendar year adapts to the tropic year. According to the date of the lunar calendar, we can not only know the ebb and flow of tides, but also grasp the changes of seasons.

Almanac: A publication that records calendars and other related information, such as yellow calendars and perpetual calendars. Electronic almanac is the product of scientific and technological development and a new carrier.

Standardized statement of lunar calendar rules

Published by Calendar Group of Purple Mountain Observatory of China Academy of Sciences.

1. Calculation is based on Beijing time.

China Astronomical Almanac Physical Book and Official Online Edition (15)

2. The positions of the sun and the moon are calculated according to the simplified standard model of celestial positions recommended by the Basic Astronomy Review Standard Committee under the International Astronomical Union.

The lunar day where the new moon is located is the first month of the lunar calendar.

The lunar month of winter solstice is 1 1 month.

5. If there are 1 1 month from the beginning of a certain year to the next year 1 1 month (excluding), the first lunar month without gas is regarded as a leap month;

6. The second lunar month (excluding leap month) after11is the beginning month of the lunar year.

7. Lunar New Year: Lunar New Year corresponding to the time interval from 0: 00 on February 2 to 0: 00 on February 20, Beijing time. 1985 is the year of Jiazi.

8. Main branch of the lunar calendar: Beijing time1984 65438+1October 3 1 The corresponding lunar calendar is Jiazi Day.

Take the earth as a day. When the sun is farthest from the horizon, it is equivalent to 23:00~ 1:00 Beijing time. But a day in the lunar calendar starts at midnight (24:00), not at night (23:00).

1. Chronology of trunk and branch

For example, Jia Zi is the first year, Ugly B is the second year, and Bing Yin is the third year ... Sixty years is a week. Week after week, starting from the year of Jiazi, starting from the week, and starting again and again.

Heavenly stems and earthly branches:

Ten-day stems: A (ji ǐ), B (yǐ), C (bǐng), D(Dǐng), E (w ǐ), J (jǐ), G (gēng), Xin(xěn). Twelve earthly branches: Zi (zǐ), chou (Chou), Yin (yín), Mao (m ǐ o), Chen (chén), Si (s), Wu (), Wei (wèi) and Shen (shēn). Ugly: cattle; Yin: tiger; Thumb: rabbit; Chen: Dragon; Rudder: snake; Afternoon: horse; No: sheep; Shen: Monkey; Hey: chicken; Hey: dog; H: pigs. )。 Ten branches and twelve branches are matched in turn to form sixty basic units. The ancients used this as the serial number of year, month, day and time, which is called "the discipline of branches and branches".

Chronology of cadres and branches is a chronology method used since ancient times in the history of China. The trunk is heavenly stems and earthly branches's floor. Match the order of branches, a week is 60, and repeat the record, which is also commonly known as "branch table". It takes beginning of spring as the beginning of the year and festivals as the beginning of the month. When you get old, you will return to that year, and one section is a month. Primitive heavenly stems and earthly branches: Ten dry characters: Fufeng, Youmeng, Rouzhao, Qiangqiang, Zhu Yong, Tu Wei, Zhang Shang, Chongguang, Xuannuo and Zhaoyang; Twelve branches say: sleepy, daring, taking photos, single-handedly, Xu Bao, Yeluo, Dunyi, Qitan, Dayuanxian.

2. Dry branches and the moon

It begins in the twelfth lunar month, so we need to determine the earthly branch first: take silver moon as the first month, and so on. If it is a leap month, the earthly branch of last month is adopted. After determining the earthly branch, then determine the heavenly stem: if you meet A or your own year, the first month is Bingyin, the second month is Ding Mao, the third month is Chen Wu, and so on; B or Geng Year, the first month is Wuyin; The first month of Year C or Year Xin is Geng Yin, the first month of Year Ding Nian or Year Ren is Ren Yin, and the first month of Year E or Year decyl is Jia Yin. The main branch of the first month is known, and the rest months can be inferred in the order of sixty sons. The first day of each month (that is, the first day of a digital calendar month) is the starting point of a calendar month, and the same calendar month is used in leap months. This calendar method has been adopted by officials in past dynasties.

3. anniversary of dry branches

Ming Wanli five-year calendar [17]

The first day of Jia Zi, the second day of Yi Chou, and the third day of Bing Yin ... 60 days a week. A week later, starting from Jiazi Day, it started again and again. For example, the first day of the first lunar month (20 12) is the day of ghosts and gods, and the second day is the day of Shen Jia ... The first day of March is exactly 60 days, so the second day of March is the day of ghosts and gods, and the third day is Shen Jiari. In the "Han Calendar", the official calendar has never been interrupted, and there is no confusion. It is the longest calendar in China and even the world. With a clearly recorded date, it can reach more than 2700 years.

4. When drying branches

The Chronology of Branches and Branches in Almanac of Ming and Qing Dynasties (18).

The earthly branches in one day are also certain, so the 24 hours of the twelve earthly branches are at night 1 1 point to 1 point, 1 point to 3 o'clock is ugly, and the rest are pushed. The day is inferred from the day, and its song is as follows:

A has given birth to a, and B, G and C come first.

Bing Xin started in Wu, and was destined to be a boxer.

You can't do it, but you can't.

That is, if the day is A or his own, the child should be accompanied by A when he was a child; If the day is b or g, it should be accompanied by c as c; On the day of Bingxin, Wu was the son of Wu; Ding Renri is a boxer; Pentecost is a seedless day. When you know your child's main branch, you can infer the rest.

Year policy and leap setting rules: the winter solstice must be in the second month (1 1 month). If there is1month from the previous winter to the sun and moon (1month) to the next winter to the sun and moon, there is no leap. If there is1month, there is no leap. The first neutral month after the last winter to the sun and the moon is leap month, and the next few months are called leap months. For example, there is 12 months between the winter solstice in Renzi year (2032) and the winter solstice in Guichou year (2033), so there is no leap. There are 13 months from the winter solstice in the year of Guichou (2033) to the winter solstice in the year of Jiayin (2034), and a leap must be set. The first neutral month from the winter of the year of guichou (2033) to the future is the next month of that month, which is designated as leap month. It occurs after 1 1 month, so it is called leap 1 1 month.

Twenty-four solar terms are the 24 solar terms of the calendar, twice a month. Twenty-four solar terms take the earth's revolution around the sun as a cycle, which basically summarizes the different positions of the sun on the ecliptic at different times of the year, the exact time of cold coming and summer going, the laws of natural phenomena such as rainfall and snowfall, and the time of recording some phenological phenomena in nature. Twenty-four solar terms were originally determined according to the direction of the top of the bucket handle of the Big Dipper. Later, for a period of time, it evolved into the method of "leveling the qi" and then the method of "fixing the qi" to determine the solar terms, which has been in use ever since. The "constant gas method" is formulated according to the position change of the earth on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun), and each corresponds to a certain position reached by the sun every time it runs 15 on the ecliptic. Twenty-four solar terms were established in ancient times, and were absorbed into taichu calendar law in the Han Dynasty as a supplement to the calendar guiding agriculture. Solar terms are an integral part of the lunar calendar and express the apparent movement of the sun. Through the 24 solar terms, the lunar calendar can accurately reflect the changes of the four seasons throughout the year, which is convenient for people's production and life and agricultural farming. The month of the lunar calendar basically corresponds to the twelve qi, and the twelve solar terms can appear in the second half of last month and the first half of this month.

Before 1645, the qi in the lunar calendar is flat, and the probability of leap months after each month is equal. After using a fixed calendar, the probability of leap month becomes unequal every month. The following are leap month statistics from 1645 to 1644.

The first month of the lunar calendar is customarily called the first month. November and December of the lunar calendar are called winter and twelfth months respectively, but winter months are rarely used. This is the origin of the idiom "winter", which literally means that October, November and December are the coldest months of the year.

The first ten days of a month in the lunar calendar are customarily called the beginning of a sequence, such as the second day of the first month. Ordinal numbers is directly used from the eleventh to the twentieth and thirtieth of the first month, such as the fifteenth day of the first month (Lantern Festival), which is called the fifteenth day of the first month; From the 21st to the 29th, it is customary to call them twenty in turn, and some of them are called years. For example, the 22nd of the first month is called the 22nd of the first month or the 2nd day of the first month.

1. The lunar calendar is a combination of yin and yang, and the relationship between the sun, the moon and the earth is considered. Lunar calendar is a fixed calendar, which has the characteristics of astronomical calendar and can well correspond to various astronomical phenomena. For example, its solar terms strictly correspond to the height of the sun, calendar days strictly correspond to the phase of the moon, the frequency of the non-appearance and appearance of leap months corresponds to the perihelion and distant day of the earth, and there are other astronomical phenomena, such as sunrise, twilight, five-star orientation, solar eclipse, tides and so on. Even calendar months roughly correspond to the height of the sun;

2. The lunar calendar has only 29 days and 30 days, and it is stipulated by a fixed date, so the human factor is small and it is not easy to change it at will;

3. The beginning of a year has a strong astronomical significance, and it has the astronomical significance of the year of the sun and the moon;

4. The lunar calendar is the best embodiment of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, with harmony between man and nature and yin and yang;

5. The chronology of trunks and branches and the chronology of the zodiac are recycled; Because it contains solar terms, it is very beneficial to the division of the four seasons, and because it contains the moon phase, it also reflects the influence of tides, eclipses and other celestial phenomena and the moon on the climate.

The first day of each month in the lunar calendar is called the new moon, and the last day of each month is called the dark day (the dark day here means that there is no moon, it is dark and has nothing to do with good luck). Therefore, the last day of the lunar year is called the big black day, except for the day (except for the night during the day, it is called New Year's Eve). Accurately speaking, New Year's Eve is a dark day in December of the lunar calendar, and the date is fixed every year. In this way, some people may ask, New Year's Eve is sometimes on December 29th or 30th of the lunar calendar. How can it be said that it is fixed? Obviously not fixed! In fact, the truth is this. No matter whether New Year's Eve is1February 29th or 30th, it is a dark day in1February, so it is really fixed.

As for "New Year's Eve", it's just a folk name, not a formal title. Because the big month in the lunar calendar is thirty days, it can be unambiguously indicated that it is the last day of December in the lunar calendar, because if December in the lunar calendar is a big month, then New Year's Eve is December 30th. However, when1February in the lunar calendar happens to be the little moon,1February 29th is New Year's Eve. It is said that Chinese can also be used as a "New Year's Eve", which is nothing serious. However, we call for the use of new year's eve, except for the day, except for the year and so on, because it can effectively avoid some misunderstandings.

As for saying that the lunar calendar1February is just a small moon in a certain year,1February 29 is called "New Year's Eve" and1February 28 is called "New Year's Eve", which is strictly inappropriate and should be corrected and avoided. Because the lunar calendar is a very perfect and practical calendar, when using the lunar calendar, the date of using the lunar calendar shall prevail. Therefore, if the December of the lunar calendar coincides with the little moon of a certain year, December 28th is the Lunar New Year's Eve, which can be called "Year 28th", and the next day is still "Year 29th", which is New Year's Eve.

I hope it can help you solve the problem.