Display solar terms as

(1) The earth revolves around the sun at the same time, which is called the revolution of the earth. Seen from the North Pole, the direction of the Earth's rotation is from west to east, counterclockwise and clockwise. According to the direction of rotation in the picture, it can be judged that the picture represents the Arctic region, and at this time, extreme daylight appears in the Arctic Circle. Therefore, at this time, the sun points directly to the Tropic of Cancer, which is the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere. Moscow is the capital of Russia, located in the northern hemisphere.

(2) Reading the map shows that MN is located at the equator and its length is 1 12 of the equator, that is, the length of MN is 40000km×112 ≈ 3333km, and the distance from the site on the map is = 33300000 ≈/kloc.

(3) During the summer solstice, most parts of China are affected by the southeast monsoon, and there is more precipitation.

Therefore, the answer is: (1) summer solstice; The days are long and the nights are short; (2) A; (3) southeast; A lot.