What are the climate types, distribution laws and climate characteristics of the seven continents?

Just look at the climate distribution map. First, the main factors that form the climate

Solar radiation, atmospheric circulation, ground conditions, ocean currents

Second, the distribution law of the main climate types in the world (see the table below) The name of the temperature zone causes the distribution law of climate characteristics. The climate of tropical rain forest is controlled by equatorial low pressure zone all year round. The tropical grassland climate between north and south latitudes 10 is controlled alternately by equatorial low pressure area and trade wind area. The seasonal movement of the tropical monsoon climate pressure zone and the difference of thermal properties between land and sea in dry and wet seasons between 10 latitude and tropic of Capricorn are obvious. The tropical desert climate on the east coast of the mainland between north latitude 10 and the Tropic of Cancer is controlled by subtropical high pressure area and trade wind area all the year round. It is hot and rainy all year round. The difference in thermal properties between the mainland and the west coast between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn at-30 is that it is hot and rainy in summer. The Mediterranean climate on the east coast of the mainland between 25-35 degrees north and south latitude is alternately controlled by subtropical high pressure belt and westerly belt, which is dry and hot in summer, while the temperate maritime climate on the west coast of the mainland between 30-40 degrees north and south latitude is controlled by westerly belt all year round. The difference of thermal properties between land and sea in temperate monsoon climate on the west coast of the mainland between 40-60 degrees north and south latitude is hot and rainy in summer. Winter is cold and dry, and the temperate continental climate on the east coast of the mainland between 35 and 55 north latitude goes deep into the mainland. Influenced by the continental air mass, it is cold in winter and hot in summer, and it is dry all year round, with little rain between 30 and 60 degrees north and south latitude.

Three. Summarize and synthesize the distribution and causes of the main climate types in the world.

1, climate types are only distributed in the northern hemisphere (or lack of climate types in the southern hemisphere) * * * Four tropical monsoon climates temperate monsoon climate sub-cold zone continental climate tundra climate

2. Only distributed on the east coast of the mainland, there are three climate types that are not found on the west coast: tropical monsoon climate, temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate.

3. There are three types of climate only distributed on the west coast of the mainland, but not on the east coast: tropical desert climate, Mediterranean climate and temperate maritime climate.

4. The continent with the most climate types is North America (1 1 species), followed by Asia (1species).

5. Apart from Antarctica, there are climate types distributed in all continents, namely, Mediterranean climate and alpine climate.

6. The climate types affected by a single pressure belt are tropical rain forest climate (controlled by equatorial low pressure belt all the year round), tropical desert climate (controlled by subtropical high all the year round) and ice sheet climate (controlled by polar high all the year round). 7. Climate types affected by a single wind belt include tropical desert climate (controlled by trade winds) and temperate marine climate (controlled by westerly winds all year round).

8. The climate types formed alternately by pressure belt and wind belt are savanna climate (controlled by equatorial low pressure belt in rainy season and trade wind belt in dry season) and Mediterranean climate (controlled alternately by westerly belt and subtropical high).

9. Climatic types with large distribution area and those lacking in all continents: (see table below)

Climate types lacking in seven continents: three major climate types in Asia temperate continental climate sub-frigid zone continental climate alpine climate tropical grassland climate temperate maritime climate ice sheet climate African tropical grassland climate tropical desert climate three major monsoon climate sub-frigid zone, Cold Zone All Climate Types Temperate Zone All Climate Types European Temperate Zone Marine Climate Mediterranean Climate All Climate Types Tropical Trimonsoon Climate Ice Sheet Climate North America Temperate Zone Continental Climate Subtropical Zone Continental Climate Tropical Monsoon Climate South American Tropical Rainforest Climate Tropical Grassland Climate Tropical Monsoon Climate Temperate Zone Continental Climate Polar Tundra Climate and Ice Sheet Climate Oceania Tropical Desert Climate Tropical Grassland Climate Tropical Monsoon Climate, Temperate Continental Climate, Polar Tundra Climate and Ice Sheet Climate, Antarctic Ice Sheet Climate, all climate types except ice sheet climate.

Four, several methods to judge the climate type

1, mode method

Also known as the distribution method. It is mainly judged according to the latitude distribution law of global climate types, so the distribution law of climate types can be condensed on a model map. (As shown in the figure below) Polar Climate Subfrigid Zone Coniferous Forest Climate Temperate Ocean Climate Temperate Continental Climate Temperate Monsoon Climate Mediterranean Climate Subtropical Monsoon Climate and Monsoon Humidity Climate Tropical Desert Climate Tropical Grassland Climate Tropical Monsoon Climate Tropical Rainforest Climate Analysis: It is known that the geographical locations of the four small islands on the earth are:

A (46 degrees north latitude and 0/48 degrees east longitude); B (36 degrees north latitude, 0/4 degrees 30 minutes east longitude); C(6 S， 134 E)； D(5 1 south latitude 75 west longitude). So, the climate types of these four islands are:

a； b； c； d .

Analysis: The latitude of A is 46 N, which means it is temperate, and148 E is the East Asian monsoon region, so it is temperate monsoon climate. B According to the latitude and longitude, it can be inferred that this place belongs to the Mediterranean region, which should be the Mediterranean climate. The latitude of C is 6 s, which belongs to the latitude range of tropical rain forest climate distribution. If 134 E is Southeast Asia, C is a tropical rainforest climate. In D, 51s is temperate zone, and 75 W is the coastal area of western South America, which should be temperate maritime climate.

2. Data method

According to the temperature and precipitation data provided, it can generally be divided into temperature and precipitation statistics for several months or months in a year. The method of judging climate type according to certain standards is called data method. A, from the temperature point of view, the world climate types can be divided into the following five types: (see the table below) The temperature index of the temperate zone in tropical and subtropical zone is the highest in Leng Yue > 15℃, the highest in Leng Yue is 0- 15℃, the hottest month in Leng Yue is less than 0℃, and the hottest month10℃ is less than 5℃. The temperature changes greatly throughout the year, with warm winter and cool summer, hot summer and hot winter, and hot winter and cold summer and cold winter all year round. Continental climate temperate monsoon climate and temperate continental climate continental climate polar climate B. From the perspective of precipitation, the world climate types can be summarized into the following four types: (see the table below) precipitation type, seasonal variation characteristics of precipitation, climate type and annual precipitation (mm) rain type, with uniform seasonal distribution, tropical rainforest climate > temperate maritime climate in 2000 > summer rain type in 700, rainy summer, Rainy or dry savanna climate in winter > 750- 1000 tropical monsoon climate > 1500 subtropical monsoon climate > 1000 temperate monsoon climate > 500-600 rainy winter, dry Mediterranean climate in summer > 300-600 rainy tropical desert climate, temperate continental climate,

3. The eight-character policy method uses "temperature" to fix the belt and "water" to shape it.

The specific steps are as follows:

A, first determine the zone (climate zone) by temperature to narrow the scope. The annual average temperature is higher than 20℃, and the minimum temperature is above 15℃, which belongs to tropical climate (including four kinds). The average temperature in Leng Yue is between 0- 15℃, which belongs to subtropical monsoon climate or monsoon humid climate, Mediterranean climate and temperate continental climate. The average temperature in Leng Yue is below 0℃, which belongs to temperate monsoon climate and temperate continental climate.

B, then use precipitation to shape (climate type) and target. (See the figure below) Climate type precipitation characteristics Climate type precipitation characteristics Tropical grassland climate summer rain Mediterranean climate winter rain tropical monsoon climate Tropical rain forest climate rainy all the year round subtropical monsoon climate temperate maritime climate uniform temperate monsoon climate tropical desert climate rainy all the year round temperate continental climate.