What are the specific names, birthplaces and representative cultural achievements of the four ancient civilizations?

Four ancient civilizations ",namely Babylon (actually the whole ancient Mesopotamia), Egypt, China and India. In ancient Mesopotamia, from 4000 BC to 538 BC, the new kingdom of Babylon was destroyed; Ancient Egypt lasted from 4000 BC to the end of the new kingdom (BC 1085); Ancient India from16th century BC to 4th century BC; China from ancient times to the Zhou Dynasty and the early Spring and Autumn Period (6th century BC). Ancient China-birthplace: the Yellow River Basin in China, which gave birth to the whole East Asian civilization.

Babylonia-birthplace: two river basins in West Asia, which gave birth to the whole Arab civilization.

Ancient Egypt-birthplace: the Nile valley in North Africa, which gave birth to the whole African civilization.

Ancient India-birthplace: Indus Valley in South Asia, which gave birth to the whole South Asian civilization. Statistics of natural science show that the proportion of China's major scientific and technological achievements (projects) in the world's major scientific and technological achievements is: 57.4% before the 6th century BC; 6th century BC to BC 1 century 50%; 62% from BC 1 century to 400; From 40 1 to 1000, it is 71%; 58% from 100 1 to 1500. Before the Ming Dynasty, there were more than 300 important inventions and major scientific and technological achievements in the world, of which 175 was invented by China people. From 3rd century BC to15th century BC, China's scientific and technological inventions left Europe behind, and many projects were hundreds or even thousands of years earlier than Europe. Sumer and the ancient Egyptians invented writing almost at the same time. They used sharpened reeds as pens, carved words on the clay embryo, and then dried the clay embryo to become clay tablets. This kind of writing is called cuneiform because of its sharp shape. In 2007 BC, the Amorites invaded the two river basins and destroyed the Ur dynasty established by Akkadians and Sumerians. Around 1894 BC, the Amorites established a dynasty with Babylon on the Euphrates River as its capital. From then on, Mesopotamia was called Babylonia, and all the residents there were called Babylonians. The period of ancient Babylonian kingdom was one of the most brilliant periods in the history of the two river basins. A famous monarch, Hammurabi, appeared in this country. After Hammurabi unified the two river basins by force, he established a centralized autocratic country. He personally holds various powers such as religion, military, administration, justice and water conservancy construction. In order to rule his country more effectively, he promulgated the famous code of hammurabi. The code ***282, carved on a black basalt stone pillar with a height of 2.25m, is the earliest complete written code found so far. The kingdom of Babylon reached its peak during the reign of Hammurabi, but after Hammurabi's death, the empire collapsed. The kingdom was invaded by Hittites and Caxites, and was finally annexed by Assyrian Empire in 729 BC. In 6 12 BC, the Chaldeans and the Medes overthrew the Assyrian Empire. The empire established by the Chaldeans also took the city of Babylon as its capital, which was called the "New Kingdom of Babylon" in history. The kingdom reached its peak during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem twice, destroyed the Jewish kingdom and took a large number of Jews into slavery in Babylon. This is what the Bible calls a "prisoner of Babylon". Nebuchadnezzar also ordered the reconstruction of the city of Babylon, where the Hanging Garden, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was built. The rebuilt city of Babylon is very spectacular. It was not until 100 years later that Herodotus, a Greek historian known as the "father of history", came to Babylon and still called it the most magnificent city in the world. Rosetta Stone recorded ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics in sacred, secular and ancient Greek characters at the same time, which became the key for future generations to interpret ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. Ancient Egyptian culture is very rich. The hieroglyphics created had a great influence on the later Phoenician letters, while the Greek letters were created on the basis of the Phoenician letters. In addition, the pyramids, the lighthouse of Alexandria, the Temple of Amon and other buildings reflect the superb architectural technology and mathematical knowledge of the Egyptians, and have also made great achievements in geometry and calendar. Mohenjo's legal heroes and Harappa are the most representative archaeological excavations in the Indus Valley, and they are the two centers of the Indus Valley: Mohenjo's legal heroes are in the middle and lower reaches of the Indus River; Harappa is located in the "hometown of five rivers" on the upper reaches of the Indus River. Mohenjodaro and Harappa sites are located in today's Pakistan, and their culture was created by Davidan people, who were still in the period of "combining stones with stones". Archaeologists and historians call it "the ancient culture of the Indus Valley", also known as "Harappa culture". "Harappa culture" laid the foundation for the later development of Indian culture.