The traditional culture of the twenty-four solar terms

The traditional culture of the twenty-four solar terms

I believe many friends know that there are 24 solar terms in a year, but how many people know the traditional culture of these 24 solar terms? Here, I sort out some knowledge about the traditional culture of the 24 solar terms and share it with you.

The traditional culture of the twenty-four solar terms 1 is specifically divided according to the order of the twenty-four solar terms, spring: beginning of spring, rain (the first month); Surprisingly, the spring equinox (February); Qingming, Grain Rain (March); Summer: long summer, small full (April); Miscanthus, summer solstice (May); Slightly hot, hot (June); Autumn: beginning of autumn, summer (July); Millennium and autumnal equinox (August); Cold dew, first frost (September); Winter: light snow in beginning of winter (10); Heavy snow, winter solstice (1 1 month); Slight cold, severe cold (1February). In the teacher qualification examination, everyone needs to make clear the order of solar terms to avoid identifying whether the sorting questions are correct.

Beginning of spring, Changsha, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter are also called "four seasons". "Li Si" indicates the beginning of the astronomical season. During the Spring Festival, people are used to eating carrots, ginger, onions and bread, which is called "biting spring". "Zhi" means extreme and most. The summer solstice and the winter solstice are collectively called the "second solstice", indicating the extremes of summer and winter. The solstice in summer, although the day is the longest and the sun angle is the highest, is not the hottest time of the year. Solstice is the earliest festival in China. The winter solstice is the shortest day in the northern hemisphere. "Points" here means equal distribution. The vernal equinox and autumnal equinox are called "equal share", which means that the length of day and night is equal. The autumnal equinox usually falls on September 22nd or 23rd every year. The climate in the south began to decline from this solar term.

Every solar term has its own meaning. Rainfall indicates the beginning of precipitation, and the rainfall gradually increases. The sudden movement of spring thunder awakened the animals that were dormant and hibernating in the soil. At this time, the temperature rose rapidly, and the spring thunder gradually appeared. Tomb-Sweeping Day means sunny weather, fresh air, gradual warming and lush vegetation. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, there were many traditional colorful cultural and sports activities, such as tug-of-war, swinging, flying kites, playing polo and fighting cocks. The increase of rainfall in Grain Rain is very beneficial to the growth of cereal crops. Small fullness means that summer grain is full, but not mature, just small fullness, not full; When crops with awns, such as wheat, mature, summer sowing begins to have a slight heat, a great heat, and the great heat in the great heat means heat. The heat is not the hottest season yet, but it is the hottest season, and the heat is coming to an end. Before and after the summer heat, there will be folk activities to celebrate the Central Plains, commonly known as "July 30" or "Central Plains Festival"; During the white dew period, the temperature began to drop, the weather turned cold, and there was dew on the vegetation in the morning, which condensed into white; The temperature of cold dew is lower, there is condensation in the air, and there is a chill gradually; The first frost is getting colder and colder, frosty. Light snow, heavy snow-it begins to snow, and small and large indicate the degree of snowfall; The weather gets cold during slight cold and severe cold. Slight cold is not the coldest, but severe cold is the coldest time of the year. In the exam, you need to know the meaning of each solar term roughly, which can be identified by description to avoid confusion.

When I was a child, most of us had heard of the Twenty-four solar term song, and we memorized the order while reviewing. "The spring rain shakes the spring and the valley days, the mountains and rivers in summer are hot in summer, the autumn dew is frosty, and there is snow and ice in winter."

Traditional culture of the twenty-four solar terms II. The history of the twenty-four solar terms

In ancient China, the sundial was measured by earth gauge, and the longest sun shadow was defined as "sun to day" (also called long day to day, long day to day, winter to day), and the shortest sun shadow was "short day to day" (also called short day to day and summer to day). One day in spring and autumn is the same length of day and night, which is designated as "vernal equinox" and "autumnal equinox". There were only four solar terms in Shang dynasty, but it developed to eight in Zhou dynasty and was completely established in Qin and Han dynasties.

Second, the concept of twenty-four solar terms

Twenty-four solar terms are a knowledge system and social practice formed by China people by observing the movement of the sun for a year and understanding the changing laws of the four seasons, climate and phenology in a year. The twenty-four solar terms mainly include

Beginning of spring: February 4th or 5th is the solar term in beginning of spring every year.

Rain: February 19 or 20 Every winter comes and spring comes, the temperature starts to rise and the air humidity keeps increasing, but the cold air activity is still very frequent.

Sting: March 5 or 6 every year means that hibernating creatures in hibernating soil start to move in winter. It was cold and warm before and after the shock, and the temperature and wind changed greatly.

Vernal equinox: On March 20th or 2 1 day every year, the sun shines directly on the equator, and day and night are almost equal. Overwintering crops in vast areas of China will enter the spring growth stage.

Qingming: On April 4th or 5th every year, the temperature rises and the weather gets warmer.

Grain Rain: On April 20th or 2 1 every year, the rainfall increases, which is beneficial to grain growth.

Long summer: On May 5th or 6th every year, everything grows and prospers.

Xiaoman: On May 2 1 or 22 every year, summer crops such as wheat begin to be full, but they are not mature.

Ear seed: on June 5 or 6 every year, when the sun runs to 75 degrees of the yellow meridian. Crops with awns, such as wheat, are mature enough to collect seeds.

Summer solstice: On June 2 1 or 22 every year, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, resulting in "the sun arrives in the north, and the days are long and the shadows are short", hence the name "summer solstice".

Slight summer heat: On July 7th or 8th every year, the summer heat enters, which indicates that most parts of China enter the high temperature season.

Summer heat: July 22nd or 23rd every year, just before and after the upper abdomen. This period is the hottest period in a year in China's vast areas, but there are also abnormal years, "there is no heat in summer" and there is more rain.

Beginning of autumn: Every year on August 7th or 8th, the vegetation begins to bear fruit, which is the harvest season.

Hot summer: On August 23rd or 24th every year, "hot summer" means the end. By the end of the summer heat, the weather will be cool. As it is autumn harvest, precipitation is very precious.

Bailu: On September 7th or 8th every year, due to the obvious southward shift of the direct point of the sun, the temperature drops rapidly and the weather is cool. Water vapor close to the ground at night forms white dew on vegetation, hence the name "white dew".

Autumnal equinox: On the 23rd or 24th of September every year, the direct sunlight point returns to the equator, forming equal length of day and night.

Cold dew: June 8th or 9th every year 10. At this time, the direct point of the sun began to move south, the temperature in the northern hemisphere continued to drop, the weather was colder, and the dew was cold, hence the name "cold dew wind".

First Frost: On June 23rd or 24th of 5438+1October every year, the first frost period in the Yellow River Basin is generally in the late of 5438+1October, which coincides with the "first frost" solar term. Frost is very harmful to growing crops.

Beginning of winter: Every year165438+1October 7th or 8th, beginning of winter.

Light snow: On June 22nd or 23rd every year,165438+1October, the cold air force in the north is strengthened, the temperature drops rapidly, and snowfall occurs in precipitation. However, this is the first snow stage, and the amount of snow is small and the number of times is small. After the "light snow" solar term, most of the Yellow River Basin snowed.

Heavy snow: 65438+ February 7th or 8th every year. At this time, the direct point of the sun is close to the tropic of Capricorn, and the days in the northern hemisphere are short and the nights are long.

Winter solstice: February 22nd or 23rd every year, 10. At this time, the sun shines almost directly on the tropic of Capricorn, and the northern hemisphere forms the southern part of the solstice, with short days and long shadows, which is the shortest day in a year. After the winter solstice, the days in the northern hemisphere became longer and the temperature continued to drop, entering the "March 9" with the lowest annual temperature.

Slight cold: Every year, on the 5th or 6th of October, 65438/kloc-0, the climate began to get cold.

Severe cold: 65438+ every year1October 20th or 2 1 day, which is the coldest time of the year.

Therefore, in China, there are twenty-four solar term song, to facilitate everyone's memory. Twenty-four solar terms in the Song Dynasty are "Spring rain surprises spring and bright valley days, summer is full of mountains and rivers, summer is even hot, autumn dew and frost, winter snow and snow."