Folk customs and etiquette of the Three Kingdoms. , proposed by experts in historical folklore.

First, during the Three Kingdoms period, tea affairs developed further on the basis of the Han Dynasty. According to "Guangya", "Jing and Ba gather tea to make cakes and use rice paste. If you drink it, fry it until it turns red, mash it and put it in porcelain, cover it with soup and simmer it with onion and ginger. I wake up after drinking, which makes people unable to sleep. " The way of making and drinking tea at that time was recorded: the picked tea leaves were processed, roasted with fire until the color turned red, the roasted tea leaves were ground into fine powder with a tea mill, and ointment was added to make tea cakes and stored in porcelain. When drinking, when the water boils, grind the tea cake into tea powder, pour it into the pot, add seasonings such as onion and ginger, and cook it before drinking. These are the embryonic forms of making tea now. On the wine table, we often hear the words "if you can't drink well, replace the wine with tea". Why is it "tea instead of wine"? Just an excuse not to drink? In fact, this is an allusion to tea in the Three Kingdoms period. According to Lu Yu's Tea Classics, Sun Hao, the fourth monarch of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period, reigned for 17 years. In 280 A.D., Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty went through the customs to attack, and Sun Hao went through the customs to surrender, and was later named "Guiming Hou". Every time he gives a banquet, he will give the guests at least seven liters of wine. Although they may not drink it completely, they should pour it out and show it. Knowledgeable Wei Yao can only drink two liters. Sun Hao treated him with courtesy and secretly brought him tea. This is the precedent of replacing wine with tea initiated by Sun Hao. Now it has evolved into a leisure gathering way-tea party.

Second, on New Year's Day, drink pepper and sesame wine, Tu Su wine, eat five parsley and gum cups; Yuanxiao drinks bean porridge (glutinous rice balls were only available in Song Dynasty), enjoys lanterns and eats snacks; Cold food festival (one month, Cao Cao ordered it to be abolished and changed to three days), eating barley porridge (a kind of cake), dry porridge (a bit like modern instant porridge), boiled eggs, lettuce mixed with salt and vinegar (only cakes in Northern Wei Dynasty); Eat millet (zongzi) and drink calamus wine and realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival; The Mid-Autumn Festival was celebrated only after the Tang Dynasty, when it was not celebrated. Chongyang should wear dogwood, eat tent bait (rice cake) and drink chrysanthemum wine.

3. 1 Pot-throwing: "Pot-throwing ceremony" and "Pot-throwing drama" have two attributes from the beginning, one is etiquette and the other is game. In the early days, "Li" was the main component of throwing pots, but with the development of history, the play of throwing pots became more and more serious and the rules were constantly changing.

There was a long war in the Three Kingdoms period, and people changed their views on property. In view of the lessons of many heroes who died in the war, such as Xia Houdun, Lu Meng, Lu Xun and Zhuge Liang. They don't gather wealth, or sometimes they use it as much as possible and give it to friends or relatives. In the later period of the Three Kingdoms, many literati liked to soak medicinal liquor and take Wushi powder.

Fourth, wear

During the reign of Wei Wudi, frugality prevailed, and women in the harem never wore brocade clothes, but only some linen clothes. During the period of Wei Mingdi, the emperor's clothes could be "embroidered", while officials and officials could only use the method of "weaving". For example;

Thick clothes:

First of all, talk about the clothing system in Han Dynasty. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are mainly three kinds of clothes in the Han Dynasty, namely, tortuous deep clothes, straight deep clothes and long and narrow clothes. For men, there are also Confucian skirts. As for women's Confucian skirts and other clothes, there is no such thing. Hanfu has a unique form, and its basic characteristics are horizontal collar, straight front and wide sleeves. There are about nine basic styles of Hanfu. Under the basic styles, hundreds of styles are deduced because of the different changes in neckline, sleeve type, waistline and cutting method. Deep clothing is the clothing that can best reflect the cultural spirit of China. Deep clothes symbolize the virtues of oriental harmony with nature, magnanimity, fairness and integrity, and inclusiveness. The cuffs are wide, symbolizing the harmony of heaven; The neckline intersects at right angles, symbolizing authentic founder; A straight seam runs through the back, symbolizing humanity and integrity.

Deep clothing is the clothing that can best reflect the cultural spirit of China. Deep clothes symbolize the virtues of oriental harmony with nature, magnanimity, fairness and integrity, and inclusiveness. The cuffs are wide, symbolizing the harmony of heaven; The neckline intersects at right angles, symbolizing authentic founder; A straight seam runs through the back, symbolizing humanity and integrity. The big belt around the waist symbolizes balance; Divided into upper and lower parts, symbolizing two musical instruments; This coat is made of four pieces of cloth, symbolizing the four seasons of the year. Divided into upper and lower parts, symbolizing two musical instruments; The coat is made of four pieces of cloth, symbolizing all seasons; 12 piece of cloth is used for clothing, symbolizing1February of a year.

Straight and deep clothes

Straight: The edge is on the side. After the Han Dynasty, due to the improvement of underwear, the front winding was redundant. Based on the historical development principle that economy is better than beauty, after the Eastern Han Dynasty, straight line gradually became popular and became the main mode of deep clothing.

Some songs are covered with big sleeves. This style of big sleeves is available, with a root belt in the middle, which is not found in other film and television dramas.

Yao: Also known as Yao. Pants full of crotch. Different from crotch-less pants, they can be worn outside ~ ~ or even shorter, that is, calf nose pants, which Sima Xiangru wore.

Sleeves: There are narrow sleeves and wide sleeves in Han Dynasty. At the same time, a kind of sleeve called "drooping beard sleeve" appeared, that is, the sleeve is fat and drooping, but it is suddenly tightened at the cuff, so that the sleeve can be used as a pocket to put some daily change, sachets and other things. We see that there are a lot of "hanging sleeves" in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, because this way of wearing is very popular among celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties, because it is very convenient.

Crane: A famous person in Wei and Jin Dynasties liked a kind of clothes made of bird feathers. Usually, clothes are made wide and sleeves are particularly wide. Sometimes, they are made like cloaks without sleeves, which makes them feel like they are floating on the body. It is also said that a crane is a kind of clothes made of silk, and the wearer feels as elegant as a crane, so it is called a crane.

Curtain hat: Women ride horses to cover their faces.

Crown: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms reproduces the crown style of the Han Dynasty accurately and diversely, which is unmatched by other historical dramas. Most of the civil servants in the Han Dynasty were crowned by Ignaz Koehler with scarves under their crowns. The military attache wears a big crown and a flat towel.

A civil servant's promotion crown has a hood under it to wrap his hair.

At the end of Qin dynasty and the beginning of Han dynasty, it was popular to have a crown and no emblem.

Arrowhead crown: The Book of the Later Han Dynasty reads: "The crown of dharma, when the pillar is behind, ... or the crown of arrogance. You are a sacred sheep, you can't be straight. The king of Chu tasted it and thought it was a crown. " This crown is worn by law enforcers.

Appearance crown: seven inches long and four inches high, with a small top and a large bottom, shaped like a cup, made of soap-colored silk, which matches Duan Xuan's plain clothes. Biyong saluted and served officials, princes and doctors. The skins made by deacons wearing white deerskin have the same shape, which is the pursuit of the summer solstice, Yin Zhi's Zhang Fu and Zhou Zhi's appearance and development.

Men's fur hat

Tiger Crown: It is worn by military officers, so it is called "military officer" or "military officer" because both sides of the crown are decorated with bird tails, but the tail of the bird in the film is not very particular, and it looks like chicken feathers at first glance.

Cloth crown: the clothing of literati. It is seven inches high in front, three inches high in back and eight inches long.

During the Three Kingdoms period, there was no aromatherapy stove at home, which may be out of date. The celadon aromatherapy stove in the exhibition is a large piece, 55 cm high, which releases fragrance through the smoking cage. The staff of the museum told reporters that during the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasties, people of the literati class smoked indoors with incense burners to purify the air, or smoked clothes and quilts to show elegance. Therefore, the aromatherapy stove can be said to be a good product for the upper class at home.

During the period from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, spices were introduced from western countries, and the sources of spices were expanded. Styrax, chicken tongue, agarwood and woody incense all became the best in the stoves of princes and nobles in the Han Dynasty. The wind of incense prevailed between the imperial court and the upper nobility, such as the emperor's concubines and maids bathing in fragrant soup. Officials carried incense with them when they went to court, and when they went to court with the emperor, their mouths smelled like chicken tongues. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, Buddhism and Taoism flourished, which also promoted the development of incense culture in this period to some extent. At this time, the representative Boshan incense culture is popular, which is not only a patent for the cultivation of dignitaries, but also a fashion for ordinary people to use Boshan stoves to incense and taste incense. A large number of pottery Boshan stoves unearthed in Qingyang Museum just illustrate this point. In addition to incense burners, there were also "smoking cages" and "incense burners in quilts" in the Han Dynasty, that is, "smoked meatballs". It consists of two hemispherical hollow metal pieces buckled together, and a cup-shaped container is hung in the middle, which can burn incense. Even if you shake the perfume ball in your hand, the perfume in the container will not spill. In the Han dynasty, not only a single variety of incense was smoked and burned, but also a variety of incense was often used to blend the aroma. A ceramic incense burner mixed with Flos Magnoliae, Maoxiang and other incense medicines was found in Mawangdui Tomb No.1. This kind of "multiple original spices mixed in one furnace" can be regarded as "early combined incense" (combined incense, that is, synthetic incense, is a fragrance made up of multiple spices, and often has a specific formula).