Watt improved steam engine

1764, james watt, a British instrument repairman, invented a steam engine with condenser and cylinder wall separated in 1765, and obtained a British patent in 1769.

In the early days, Watt's steam engine still used the balance bar and pull rod mechanism to drive the water pump. In order to remove the condensate and air from the condenser, Watt installed an air pump. He also installed an interlayer on the outer wall of the cylinder and heated the cylinder wall with steam to reduce condensation loss.

Watt's creative work made the steam engine develop rapidly. He turned the machine that can only carry water into a widely used steam engine, which doubled the thermal efficiency and greatly reduced the coal consumption. Therefore, Watt is a reformer of steam engine.

Extended data:

In early experiments, Watt independently discovered the latent heat in the process of steam condensation (the heat released in the process of water vapor becoming liquid water). Later, according to the latent heat theory of British chemist Blake, Watt started related experiments again. In these experiments, he used kettles and other household appliances many times, including pans.

These experiments helped him find out the reason why the Newkman air compressor consumes a lot of energy: Newkman's machine needs to inject cold water into the cylinder to condense the water vapor in it. But in the process of steam condensation, the cylinder itself is also cooled. This requires more fuel to heat the cylinder repeatedly, resulting in huge energy consumption.

Watt wrote in his memoirs: "To build a perfect steam engine, it is necessary to keep the temperature of the cylinder and steam consistent. However, in order to give full play to its power, the temperature of steam needs to drop below 100 degrees Celsius. " So Watt came up with the idea of separating the condensation process.

1765, watt invented the separate condenser, which played a key role in the development of steam engines. The steam-driven machine he designed and improved produces four times as much coal as the Newtman air compressor, which can be used in various mines.

At the same time, his steam-driven machine further increased the steel output, thus reducing the steel price. By 1830, Britain's coal production accounts for 4/5 of the world's, while its iron production far exceeds that of other countries in the world. This fundamentally changed the scale of industry, made factories replace traditional handicrafts, and Britain quickly embarked on the road of modern industrialization.

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