What grade and viscosity engine oil should be used for cars in winter!

( 1)API

API is the most common international certification standard for engine oil, which is the abbreviation of "American Petroleum Engineering Society" in api gravity. For the oil products certified by APl test, the double-ring mark of API can be marked on the oil bottle body, and the oil product grade standard can be distinguished mainly according to the low-temperature fluidity, high-temperature detergency, diffusion and filtration, oxidation stability, wear resistance, corrosion and rust resistance, catalyst compatibility and environmental protection requirements (which will be mentioned later). At preSEnt, * * * has 1 1 grade of SA, SB, SC, SD, se, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL, SM, and the latest grade of SM. S stands for gasoline engine, and the English letters behind it are grade differences. Generally, the marking method seen on the tank is SJ/CF, and the C after the diagonal line refers to the diesel engine. The classification method is the same as that, that is, the higher the alphabetical order represents.

(2)CCMC

The former European petroleum certification organization CCMC was formally reorganized into ACEA in 1996. CCMC is the core committee of the common market economy organization, namely "European Automobile Manufacturing Committee". CEC is responsible for formulating the test methods of fuel and lubricating oil performance, and CCMC is responsible for scoring. The specifications formulated by CCMC range from the lowest G 1 to the highest G4, where G5 and G represent gasoline engines and PD represents diesel engines. It is worth noting that G4-certified oils are only limited to the low-temperature flow index of 10W, 15W and 20W, but the high-temperature viscosity index behind w is not limited, while G5-certified oils only include 5W and 10W.

(3)ACEA

ACEA is the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, which was reorganized from the original CCMC. June 1 99665438+1October1is officially called ACEA, and it is divided into three grades: A 1, A2 and A3. ACEA's certification standards are set by BMW. Fiat, Ford, GM, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, Renault, Scanna, Volkswagen, Volvo, etc. * * *, with 1996 instead of CCMC. However, the certification marks of ACEA and CCMC are still used in parallel at present, and we can still see the appearance of these two certification specifications on many oil tanks.

Classification standard of automobile engine oil (API)

SA: suitable for old engines; There are no performance requirements. It can only be used if it is specially recommended by the manufacturer.

SB: Suitable for old engines. It can only be used if it is specially recommended by the manufacturer.

SC: Applicable to engines before 1967.

SD: Applicable to engines before 197 1 year.

SE: applicable to engines before 1979.

After SF: 1980, the repair operation of gasoline engine manufacturers is a typical operation of gasoline engines after 1980 under the repair operation procedures recommended by engine manufacturers for buses and some trucks. This kind of engine oil has better oxidation stability and wear resistance than SE grade engine oil. This oil has a great protective effect on engine fouling, corrosion and corrosion.

SG: Used for lubricating gasoline engines of passenger cars, station wagons, vans and other vehicles after 19**, which has better control of deposits in engines, oxidation resistance and reduced engine wear, and is superior to the previous level. Can replace SF and previous grades of engine oil.

SH: Applicable to engines before 1996. It is still valid until the specific C level is announced.

SJ: APL began to be used in 1996, which is suitable for all vehicle engines currently in use.

SL: Suitable for all in-use automobile engines, which can better control high-temperature deposits and save fuel consumption. Some SL grades have also passed the specifications of the International Lubricating Oil Standards Certification Committee.

The viscosity and grade of engine oil are decisive factors for the rational use of engine oil. In the international recognition of oil viscosity and quality grade, SAE oil viscosity classification and API quality grade standard are adopted.

Oil is divided into single viscosity oil (such as SAE30) and multi-viscosity oil (such as SAE5W-30). At present, most vehicles use multi-viscosity engine oil, because this kind of engine oil contains a variety of special additives, which makes the engine oil easy to flow and not condense at low temperature, and keeps its viscosity unchanged at high temperature.

Alphabetic code analysis

W in the oil label indicates winter, and the number before W indicates the low-temperature fluidity of the oil. The smaller the number, the better the fluidity of the oil. Engine wear is mainly concentrated at the moment of cold start, and good oil fluidity can minimize engine wear. The number after W indicates the high temperature viscosity of engine oil, and the larger the number, the better the protection performance at high temperature.

In addition, the choice of oil viscosity must also consider the old and new degree of the car. The gap between engine parts of new cars is very small, so the oil with low viscosity should be selected, and the oil with high viscosity should be selected for vehicles with serious engine wear.

American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Oil Viscosity Classification. SAE adopts viscosity grade classification, and classifies lubricating oil into high-temperature type used in summer, low-temperature type used in winter and all-weather type used in winter and summer. The specific meaning is as follows:

Six kinds of oils are used in winter, four kinds of oils are used in summer, and 16 kinds of oils are used in winter and summer.

1. The brands of oil used in winter are: 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W and 25W. The symbol w stands for winter. The smaller the number before W, the smaller the low-temperature viscosity, the better the low-temperature fluidity and the lower the applicable minimum temperature.

2. The brands of oil used in summer are: 20, 30, 40 and 50 respectively. The larger the number, the greater the viscosity and the higher the applicable maximum temperature.

3. The brands of general-purpose oil in winter and summer are: 5W/20, 5W/30, 5W/40, 5W/50, 10W/20, 10W/30, 10W/40,10w/respectively. 20W/30, 20W/40, 20W/50, the smaller the number representing the winter part, the larger the number representing the summer part, the higher the viscosity, and the wider the applicable temperature range.

High temperature type (such as SAE 20 ~ SAE 50)—— The marked number indicates the viscosity at 100℃, and the higher the number, the higher the viscosity.

Low temperature type (such as saeoww ~ SAE 25 w): w is the abbreviation of Winter, which means it is only used in winter. The smaller the number, the lower the viscosity and the better the low-temperature fluidity.

All-weather type (such as SAE 15W/40, 10W/40, 5W/50): indicates that the viscosity grade at low temperature meets the requirements of SAE 15W, 10W, 5W respectively, and the viscosity grade at high temperature meets the requirements of SAE40 and 50 respectively, which belongs to winter and summer.

What are mineral oil, semi-synthetic oil and fully synthetic oil? What's the difference between them?

Mineral lubricant

Mineral oil is a lubricating oil extracted from petroleum, and the base oil of mineral oil is the product of refining the remaining base oil after fractionating useful light substances (such as aviation oil and gasoline) in the process of crude oil refining. Essentially, it uses inferior components in crude oil. Mineral oil is the most common type of lubricating oil on the market at present. Although the price of mineral oil is low, its service life and lubricating performance are not as good as those of semi-synthetic oil and synthetic oil, and it also pollutes the environment. In addition, mineral oil can not completely remove impurities in the refining process, so it has a high flow point and is not suitable for operation in cold regions. With the reduction of production cost of semi-synthetic oil and synthetic oil, mineral oil will be gradually eliminated by the market. At present, our company has completely stopped selling mineral oil.

Semi-synthetic oil

Semi-synthetic oil is a lubricating oil prepared from semi-synthetic base oil, that is, three international base oils. It is a product purified by hydrocracking technology on the basis of mineral oil. The purity of semi-synthetic oil is very close to that of fully synthetic oil, but the cost is slightly higher than that of mineral oil. It is an ideal product for the transition from mineral oil to synthetic oil.

Synthetic oil (synthetic oil)

Fully synthetic oil is a lubricating fluid composed of macromolecules, which comes from ethylene and propylene dispersed by gas or natural gas in crude oil, and is refined by complex chemical reactions such as polymerization and catalysis. In essence, it is to use the better components in crude oil to undergo chemical reaction under artificial control to achieve the expected molecular morphology. The molecular arrangement of fully synthetic oil is orderly, and its ability to resist external variables is naturally strong. Therefore, physical fitness is good, and thermal stability, antioxidant reaction and viscosity change resistance are naturally much stronger than mineral oil and semi-synthetic oil.

Analysis on the usage of special engine oil in 4S shop;

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