What is a cyst and what is its harm?

Cyst is a benign disease, which can grow on the surface of human body or in internal organs.

Cyst is a benign cystic mass growing in internal organs, and its contents are liquid in nature. Generally speaking, the common cysts are renal cysts, liver cysts, simple ovarian cysts and chocolate cysts. Renal cyst can be divided into solitary renal cyst and polycystic kidney.

Chocolate cyst is also called "ovarian endometriosis", that is to say, the endometrium "runs" into the ovarian tissue, and periodic bleeding occurs synchronously with the uterus. These old blood will become chocolate-like color over time, so it is called chocolate cyst. [Edit this paragraph] 2. The reason is congenital inheritance.

1. hairy root sheath cyst: In the past, 1 14 degree sebaceous gland cyst belonged to autosomal dominant inheritance.

2. Multiple liposarcoma: autosomal dominant inheritance.

3. Dermoid cyst: it is congenital after birth.

4. Cysts of bronchus and hyoid tube are caused by congenital dysplasia.

5. Penile midline cyst is caused by congenital dysplasia.

Cyst 6. The etiology of eruptive Cinderpelt cyst is unknown. It is reported that it is autosomal dominant inheritance.

Second, the reason is unknown.

1. New liquid cyst.

2. Miliary papules: Primary cases with unknown causes are more common after skin grinding for epidermolysis macrocarpa, congenital ectodermal defect and delayed dermatophytosis.

3. Epidermal cyst: the cause is unknown. [Edit this paragraph] 3. Differential diagnosis cysts are mostly round in shape and semi-circular in skin surface. Generally located in dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Because the capsule wall is wrapped, the edge is smooth and tidy, and there is almost no adhesion with the surrounding tissues, so it feels smooth and elastic, and the skin on the surface of the capsule wall is mostly non-inflammatory and normal in color. General development is limited, and local expansion will not cause local oppression symptoms indefinitely.

First, it is located in the dermis.

1. Liquid-like cyst in this part

Lesions mostly occur in women aged 40-50, mostly in the dorsal phalanx. It is about 3- 15m in size, translucent, smooth and soft. The capsule cavity is my fluid, and there are scattered stellate fibroblasts in it.

Step 2: miliary rash

It is more common in women who have first sex at any age, and the reason is unknown; Secondary cases mostly occur after skin grinding for giant epidermolysis, congenital ectodermal defect and delayed cutaneous Carlin's disease. Primary skin lesions are common in eyelid and zygomatic region. Secondary cases are more common in the back of auricle and forearm. Millet size, big and hard, broken can also see white sebum-like substances.

3. Hair root sheath cyst

Middle-aged women who used to be called sebaceous cyst are more common, mostly in the head, which is not easy to distinguish from epidermal cyst and is common in the face and neck. The cyst wall of this disease is composed of squamous epithelium, which is similar to the isthmus cells of hair follicles. The contents of the cavity are eosinophils.

4. Multiple liposarcoma

It can occur in all ages and can be seen by both men and women. Skin lesions are common in the middle and lower part of the chest, and scrotum can be single or multiple, with normal skin color or yellow color, a diameter of several millimeters to 1-2 cm, and soft and slightly hard. The contents of the cavity are oily or cheese-like.

5. Epidermal cyst

More common in young people, children and the elderly, with a diameter of 0.5-5 cm, normal skin color, round elasticity and slightly hard texture. The capsule wall is normal skin and the capsule cavity is filled with keratin. It can be single or multiple, and it occurs in scalp, face, neck and trunk.

6. Bronchial and hyoid tube cysts are congenital developmental abnormalities, which are more common in the front of the neck or the foot above the sternal notch. It occurs shortly after birth, and multiple single lesions are small, often accompanied by tubules. Their performance is similar, the capsule wall is composed of pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, and the cilia of epithelial cells extend into the human capsule cavity.

7. Penile midline cyst

Congenital dysplasia is common in young people and children. Skin lesions are located on the ventral side of penis, especially the diameter of the glans penis midline is about several millimeters. The cyst wall is pseudostratified epithelium, and some epithelial cells are transparent.

8. Eruptive alopecia cyst

Most common in children and young people, it is a small follicular cyst with a size of 1-2mm. There may be silly skin and umbilical fossa on the surface, which are common in the chest and can also appear in the connected limbs. The posterior capsule wall is squamous epithelium, and the capsule cavity is lamellar keratin and synthetic hair. The capsule wall is depressed to form a hair follicle-like structure.

Second, it is located in subcutaneous tissue.

Dermoid cyst: Most of them are single cysts after birth. Skin lesions are often located around the eyes, facial midline and abdomen, and can occur anywhere on the body surface. The cyst wall with a diameter less than 2 cm is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, but it is different from epidermal cyst. Its capsule cavity contains various epidermal appendages, such as hair, and hair follicles containing hair extend into the human body cavity. [Edit this paragraph] 4. Treatment at present, there are three main treatments for cysts:

One is the traditional method of cyst incision, that is, cyst window drainage treatment or stripping treatment. This method has the advantages of long incision, much bleeding, great trauma, high cost and easy recurrence.

Secondly, laparoscopic cystotomy. Although it's just a hole, the trauma is much smaller than surgery, but it still needs to be hospitalized, and the cost is not small. This is the last resort.

Third, this method is to use a needle instead of a knife, which is magical rather than a myth. This technology has a wide range of applications, such as the application of ultrasound interventional technology in the field of genetics, taking samples of umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid and embryonic villi from intrauterine fetus under the direct vision of B-ultrasound. As we all know, the fetal umbilical cord is only 6-8 mm in diameter and can be punctured under the guidance of ultrasound. For cysts of several centimeters or more, the success rate of puncture can reach 100%. Since the advent of this technology, many patients with hereditary cyst diseases such as polycystic liver and polycystic kidney have avoided the pain of laparotomy.

① The most worrying thing about traditional laparotomy or fenestration cyst stripping treatment is the high recurrence rate. For example, polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease, the root of which is in the genetic position, and the problem cannot be solved by surgery. So the recurrence rate is as high as over 60%.

(2) The same characteristics as the cyst wall cells are columnar cells arranged in layers. This kind of columnar cell grows vigorously and has strong secretion function, which is difficult to eradicate by surgery. As long as a little cell is left, it will sprout like a seed and the cyst will recur.

③ Ultrasound interventional therapy is a brand-new technique, which aims to make up for the deficiency of traditional cystotomy. Experienced doctors can accurately aim at cyst targets under the guidance of B-ultrasound images. Puncture the cyst with a fine needle, suck out the liquid in the cyst, and inject sclerosing agent into the cyst wall to destroy the vigorous columnar cells and prevent the recurrence of the cyst. [Edit this paragraph] 5. Common sense of cyst Renal cyst is a kind of hydroma of kidney. When the cyst is gradually enlarged, normal renal tissue is being eroded. At this time, the patient will have low back pain and the pain will radiate to the bladder. Symptoms associated with severe pain include chest tightness, nausea, sweating, dizziness and hematuria.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the disease is caused by qi stagnation and blood stasis, lingering dampness and turbidity, and internal resistance of pathogenic blood. Because of long-term illness, disharmony between qi and blood, or emotional disorder, liver qi stagnates for a long time, leading to qi stagnation and blood stasis, coupled with damp-heat accumulation and coke retention, bladder gasification out of control and illness. [Edit this paragraph ]6. The main symptom is 1. Proteinuria: generally, the amount is not much, and the urine in 24 hours will not exceed 2g. Nephrotic syndrome does not occur in many cases.

2, hypertension: solid cysts compress the kidney, causing renal ischemia, increasing renin secretion, causing hypertension. When the renal function is normal, more than 50% patients have developed hypertension, and when the renal function is decreased, the incidence of hypertension is higher.

3, renal insufficiency: due to the occupation and oppression of cysts, normal renal tissue is significantly reduced, and renal function is gradually reduced.

4. In the case of excessive kidney deficiency and decreased renal function during sexual intercourse, some cysts are red and inflamed, while others are itchy and inflamed. Attention should be paid to rest, fitness and recuperation, and sexual intercourse should not be too frequent. [Edit this paragraph ]7. Complication spontaneous infection is rare in simple renal cyst, and once it happens, it is difficult to distinguish it from renal carbuncle. Sometimes there will be bleeding in the cyst, and when it happens suddenly, it will cause severe pain. The bleeding may come from the accompanying cancer on the cyst wall. When the cyst is located in the lower pole of the kidney and close to the ureter, it can aggravate hydronephrosis, and the pressure of urine on the renal pelvis can cause back pain. This obstruction can also lead to kidney infection.