How did Watt improve the steam engine?

Watt gradually discovered the defects of this steam engine by using scientific theory. 1765 invented the steam engine with the condenser separated from the cylinder wall, and 1769 obtained the British patent.

From 1765 to 1790, he made a series of inventions, such as separate condenser, cylinder external insulation layer, piston lubricated with oil, planetary gear, parallel linkage mechanism, centrifugal governor, throttle valve, pressure gauge and so on. , make the efficiency of the steam engine to more than three times that of the original newcomen machine, and finally invented the industrial steam engine.

The first big improvement is to separate the cylinder from the condensing cylinder through the valve. Watt invented this improvement in Birmingham. This improvement has improved the efficiency of the steam engine.

The next improvement is the automatic operation of the valve. In the early days, Watt's steam engine still used the balance bar and pull rod mechanism to drive the water pump. In order to remove the condensate and air from the condenser, Watt installed an air pump. He also installed an interlayer on the outer wall of the cylinder and heated the cylinder wall with steam to reduce condensation loss.

Classification of steam engines

According to the work done by steam on one or both sides of the piston, steam engines can be divided into single-acting and double-acting types;

According to the arrangement of cylinders, it can be divided into vertical and horizontal; According to whether steam expands in one cylinder or continuously in multiple cylinders, it can be divided into single expansion type and multiple expansion type; According to the flow direction of steam in the cylinder, it can be divided into reflux type and single flow type;

According to the exhaust mode and exhaust pressure, it can be divided into condensation type, atmospheric type and back pressure type.