Will cleaning the throttle with carburetor cleaner lead to oil deterioration? I washed it like this some time ago, and now I feel that I can't supply oil during cold start.

No way! ! It's not like your carburetor cleaner fell by. Didn't you spray it while driving? If it's a car spray, generally not. If you stop to wash, you can. But there is not much reaction to lubricating oil. You can take out the oil to see if the viscosity is too thin to confirm. . .