How to understand the apparent motion of the sun in geography?

First, determine the direction of the ground according to the direction of the sun.

Because the earth has been rotating from west to east, we see the sun rising and setting on the earth. The direction on the ground can be determined according to the rising and falling direction of the sun.

Example: Read the solar apparent motion diagram of different solar terms in figure 1, and point A is on the observer's side.

Second, judge the direction in which the sun rises and sets.

1. When the sun shines directly on the equator, the morning line coincides with the meridian, and the latitude line is parallel to the sun's rays. The sun is just east of the morning line and west of the dark line, so the sun rises in the east and sets in the west (as shown below).

2. When the sun shines directly in the northern hemisphere, the sun rises in the northeast and sets in the northwest except in areas where it is extremely day and night. In extreme daytime, the sun rises from due north and sets in due north, but at noon, it is always due south. (as shown in the figure below)

When the sun shines directly in the southern hemisphere, the sun rises in the southeast and sets in the southwest in other parts of the world except in areas where it is extremely day and night. In extreme daytime, the sun rises due south and sets due south, but at noon, it is always due north. (as shown in the figure below)

Third, the position of the sun at noon. (The sun is always 12: 00 at noon)

Fourth, the noon sun height angle.

Take a straight line from the position of the noon sun to reach this position, and its angle with the ground is extremely high, which is the height angle of the noon sun.

5. The sun shines directly in the northern hemisphere, and the days in the northern hemisphere are long and the nights are short (the trajectory of the sun on the ground is long), while the days in the southern hemisphere are short and the nights are long (the trajectory of the sun on the ground is short); The sun shines directly in the southern hemisphere, and vice versa.

6. Latitude of the direct point.

(1) When the sun rises from the east at X degrees, the latitude of the direct point is X degrees; When the sun sets at x degrees in the west, the latitude of the direct point is x degrees;

(2) Where extreme sunlight occurs, the maximum solar height plus the minimum solar height in a day divided by 2 is equal to the latitude number of the direct point;

(3) The height of the polar sun will not change for a day. The northern hemisphere moves counterclockwise around the polar point and the southern hemisphere moves clockwise.

Its degree is equal to the latitude of the direct point.

As can be seen from the figure.

(1) The sun rises in the northeast and sets in the northwest (the sun shines directly in the northern hemisphere).

(2) At noon, the sun is due south (north of the direct point).

③ The days are long and the nights are short.

(4) the sun's direct north latitude β degrees.

The height of the sun at noon is one degree.