Dietary folklore

Folk custom is the general name of cultural phenomena inherited from civil society life, which is manifested through people's oral, behavioral and psychological behaviors.

Dietary folklore: refers to the customs and habits that people have formed and passed down for a long time in the process of screening food raw materials, processing, cooking and eating food, that is, in the national dietary activities, also known as dietary customs and dietary customs. Including: diet custom, daily diet custom, life etiquette diet custom, religious belief diet custom, ethnic minority diet custom and so on.

time span

/kloc-Happy New Year in about 0/0 days.

family reunion dinner on the lunar New Year's Eve

The custom of eating rice cakes, jiaozi and Yuanxiao.

The custom of drinking Yuanbao tea and Nianjiu.

"The Story of Jingchu Times" "Cocks crow in front of the court and set off firecrackers to ward off evil spirits. Young and old know that I wear clothes and worship him. I drank pepper and cypress wine, peach soup, Tu Su wine, gum tooth soup, five parsley and dried it, but I ate ghost pills and got an egg each. " On the fifteenth day of the first month, Shangyuan Festival, Lantern Festival, Lantern Festival,

Origin-Sacrificing Taiyi Shen Zheng to exorcise evil spirits with torches.

Shangyuan Festival is a combination of Buddhism and Taoism and folk customs. As early as the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, people began to offer sacrifices to Taiyi God. "Taiyi", also known as "Taiyi", is the most noble among the gods, that is, the name of God. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up an altar in the southeast suburb to worship Taiyi, and Buddhism was introduced to China. According to the rules of Buddhism, on the day of Shangyuan, all monasteries burned lanterns to worship Buddha. Later, the worship of Taiyi God was combined with Buddhism, and lanterns were released on the fifteenth day of the first month, which spread among the people and gradually developed into a spectacular lantern viewing activity.

eat yuanxiao

Decorate with lanterns-"On the thirteenth night, lanterns were decorated in four places until the eighteenth. This is the so-called Lantern Festival. Fourteenth, the night is called Lantern Festival, so you can enjoy the ancestors' finish, eat less and have a reunion. "

The Origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day-Cold Food Festival (No Smoking Festival)

Cold Food Festival: April 4th, the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Legend is to commemorate the introduction of the Spring and Autumn Period (an important minister in the Jin Wengong era).

Jin Wengong named the resurrected old willow "Qingming Willow" and named this day Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Qingming was originally a solar term. Sacrifice custom-the old Tang book "Guimao cold food returns to the tomb in May, so it is appropriate to make up five rituals for the people, which will always be the same wind"

Dietary activities-Zhuxi County Records "On the Qingming Day, women put their fingers on their heads and played on swings. First, they cooked food to worship their ancestors, went to their graves, added soil and circled money, and after the sacrifice, they ate and drank in the front building and left happily.

Qingming Shou and Jiangnan Seeking Qingming. The Origin of Dragon Boat Festival: In Memory of Qu Yuan

The custom of eating zongzi-"On May 5th, Qu Yuan threw Miluo water, and the Chu people mourned it. So far, bamboo tubes have been used to store rice and splash water as sacrifices. In the middle of Jianwu in Han Dynasty, a scholar met Qu by chance in Changsha and said to the doctor, Qu said: You should watch the sacrifice, which is very kind. He was stolen by dragons all the year round. If there is any benefit now, he should put a leaf on it and wrap it in colored silk. These two things are what dragons are afraid of. The song is as its name suggests.

Eat salted eggs and drink realgar wine (to ward off evil spirits)

Dragon Boat Festival is also a rain festival and a farmers' day. As the saying goes, "You must eat salted eggs first, jiaozi." Dragon Boat Festival indicates that the hot summer is coming, and the life activities of animals and plants have entered a peak stage. Valentine's Day in China.

The legend of the cowherd and the weaver girl.

Qiaoqiao activities

Common food on Tanabata night-water chestnut, melon seeds, melons, peanuts, etc. The origin of Mid-Autumn Festival:

Sacrifice the Moon

The custom of autumn newspaper is the second largest traditional festival in China, second only to the Spring Festival, eating moon cakes;

There is no exact record in the history books about the formation of the custom of eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival, but there are mainly two kinds of folklore. First of all, moon cakes originated from Zhu Jie food in Tang Jun. During the reign of Tang Gaozu, General Li Jing conquered the Huns and returned home in triumph on August 15. At that time, a commercial Tubo presented cakes to the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Gao Zu Li Yuan took the gorgeous cake box, took out the round cake, smiled at the bright moon in the sky and said, "Please invite toad with Hu cake." After that, share the cake with the ministers. Since then, the custom of eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival has been formed.

Men don't want Yue Bai, and women don't want to sacrifice stoves.

-Su Shi "The cookie chews like the moon, and it is crisp and sweet inside." In the Ming dynasty, "people inherit moon cakes and take the meaning of reunion."

Send melons in autumn-stealing melons is done at night. When stealing, deliberately let the stolen person know, so as to get a scolding, and the worse the scolding, the better. After the melon was stolen, he wore clothes, painted eyebrows and pretended to be a child. Multiplied by bamboo, gongs and drums are sent to women's homes without children. The person who receives the melon must invite the person who delivers the melon to eat a moon cake, then put the melon on the bed and sleep with it for one night. The next morning, I cooked the melon delicious, thinking that I could get pregnant from now on. On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the ancients in China regarded Jiu as Yang, so it was called "Double Ninth Festival", which was also called "Old People's Day". There are also climbing mountains, enjoying chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine, eating Chongyang cake and inserting dogwood.

"Year to month, suddenly after September 9th. Nine is the positive number, corresponding to the sun and the moon. "

The custom of eating cakes on Double Ninth Festival.

The custom of welcoming married women to be mothers.

According to historical records, Chongyang cake, also known as flower cake, chrysanthemum cake and five-color cake, is made randomly. At dawn on September 9th, put a cake on the child's head and say something in his mouth, wishing the child all the best. This is the original intention of the ancients to make cakes in September. Exquisite Chongyang cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two lambs on it, which conforms to the meaning of Chongyang (sheep). Some people even put red paper flags on Chongyang cakes and light candles. This probably means "lighting a lamp" and "eating cakes" instead of "climbing", and using a red paper flag instead of dogwood. At present, there is still no fixed variety of Chongyang cake, and the soft cakes eaten in Chongyang Festival all over the country are called Chongyang cakes. Watching chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine The Double Ninth Festival is the golden autumn season of the year, and chrysanthemums are in full bloom. It is said that watching chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine originated from Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming is famous for his seclusion, his poems, his wine and his love for chrysanthemums. Later generations have followed suit, so Chongyang has the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums. In the old days, literati and officialdom also combined chrysanthemum appreciation with banquets in order to get close to Tao Yuanming. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was the capital, and chrysanthemum appreciation on Chongyang was popular. At that time, there were many varieties and shapes of chrysanthemums. People also call September of the lunar calendar "Chrysanthemum Month". On the Double Ninth Festival, when chrysanthemums are in full bloom in Ao Shuang, watching chrysanthemums has become an important part of the festival. After the Qing dynasty, the habit of enjoying chrysanthemums was particularly prosperous, and it was not limited to September 9, but it was the most prosperous around the Double Ninth Festival.

Picking mulberry seeds, Chongyang Mao Zedong's life is easy to get old, but difficult to get old. Every year is Chongyang, and now it is Chongyang. Battlefield yellow flowers are particularly fragrant. The annual autumn wind blows hard, not like spring, but better than spring, just like the Wan Li frost on the vast river. "Mountain Holiday Thinking of Shandong Brothers" (Tang Dynasty) Wang Wei was in a foreign land and missed his relatives every holiday. When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me. On the 9th, Qishan climbed high (Tang Dynasty). Du Mujiang's shadow geese flew first, carrying pots and guests. Laughter makes people laugh, when chrysanthemums are in full bloom. However, I will try my best to pay for the festival, and I won't hate it when I board the plane. After all, life is a short history, so why do you cry like Qi Jinggong?

September 10 (Tang) Li Bai climbed the mountain yesterday, and now he wants to climb it again. Chrysanthemum is too bitter, and it is the Double Ninth Festival. On September 9 th, Xuanwu Mountain Tourism Overlooks (Tang) September 9 th, overlooking the mountains and rivers, looking back at the wind and smoke. In another country, drinking Jinhua wine, Wan Li shares the same sorrow with Hongyan. On September 9, 2009, I visited Shuzhong and sent a farewell dinner in a different place. Human feelings are tired and bitter in the south, and Hongyan is from the north. The winter solstice is a very important solar term, and it is also a traditional festival of the China lunar calendar, which falls on February 22nd or 23rd of the Gregorian calendar every year.

The origin of winter solstice:

The Winter Solstice Festival originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has been passed down to this day. Lu even said that the winter solstice is as big as a year. This shows that the ancients attached great importance to the winter solstice. People think that the winter solstice is a natural transformation of Yin and Yang and a blessing from heaven.

In the Han Dynasty, the winter solstice was the "Winter Festival", and the government held a congratulatory ceremony called "He Dong", which was a routine festival.

There is such a record in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "Before and after the winter solstice, a gentleman was prepared for danger in times of peace, refused to listen to politics, and chose an auspicious day to save trouble." So on this day, the imperial court had a holiday, the army was on standby, the frontier fortress was closed, the business trip was closed, relatives and friends sent meals to each other, visited each other, and had a "quiet" holiday happily. The northern region has the custom of slaughtering sheep and eating jiaozi and wonton from winter solstice, while the southern region has the custom of eating glutinous rice balls and long noodles from winter solstice on this day. There is also the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors in winter solstice in various regions.

"Winter solstice in jiaozi, summer noodles in the north solstice"

Kimchi in winter in northern Japan.

Drinking alcohol from winter solstice to keep out the cold "In the heavy snow of 1 1 day, residents can't drink water from the stove, saying it's snowing".

"On the solstice of winter, ancestors were sacrificed to the temple. Sacrifice the family to eat, saying' winter solstice wine'. "

Winter solstice is a rich festival. It is said that New Year's Day was the winter from the Japanese to the Zhou Dynasty in history, which used to be a very lively day. In today's Jiangnan area, there is another saying that eating winter makes you one year older, commonly known as "adding years". In the northern region, there is a custom of slaughtering sheep and eating jiaozi and wonton from winter to day, while in the southern region, there is a habit of eating glutinous rice balls and long noodles from winter to day. There is also the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors in winter solstice in various regions.

After thousands of years of development, a unique seasonal diet culture has been formed from winter solstice to Sunday. Such as wonton, jiaozi, glutinous rice balls, red bean porridge, millet and rice cakes. Can be used as new year's goods. The once popular "Winter Solstice Day Annual Banquet" has many names, such as eating winter solstice meat, offering winter solstice dishes, offering winter solstice groups, and worshiping winter with wonton. The origin of Daocheng Festival-December 8th of the lunar calendar;

Legend 1: Laba Festival is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month (December), which originated in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. It is said that when Zhu Yuanzhang was in trouble and suffering in prison, he was cold and hungry. Zhu Yuanzhang actually dug up some seven or eight kinds of miscellaneous grains such as red beans, rice and red dates from the mouse hole in prison. Zhu Yuanzhang cooked these things into porridge. Because it was the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, Zhu Yuanzhang called this pot of miscellaneous grains porridge Laba porridge. I enjoyed a delicious meal. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang pacified the world and became the emperor facing south. In order to commemorate that special day in prison, he designated it as Laba Festival and officially named the miscellaneous grains porridge he ate that day Laba porridge. Legend 2: On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, people in China have the custom of eating Laba porridge. It is said that Laba porridge comes from India. The founder of Buddhism, Sakyamuni, was originally the son of Sudoku king in northern India (now Nepal). He saw that all beings were suffering physically and mentally, dissatisfied with the theocratic rule of Brahmins at that time, and gave up the throne and became a monk. After six years of asceticism, he became a Buddha under the bodhi tree on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. In the past six years, I have only eaten one hemp and one meter a day. Later generations did not forget his sufferings and ate porridge as a souvenir on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month every year. "Laba" became "Buddha's Day". "Laba" is a grand festival of Buddhism. Before liberation, Buddhist temples all over the country held Buddhist baths and chanted scriptures, and imitated the legend that a herder offered chyle before Sakyamuni became a monk, and cooked fragrant cereal porridge to offer sacrifices to the Buddha, which was called "Laba porridge". Laba porridge was presented to disciples and kind men and women, and later became a folk custom. It is said that in some monasteries, before the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, monks would hold alms bowls along the street and cook the collected rice, chestnuts, dates, nuts and other materials into Laba porridge and distribute it to the poor. Legend has it that eating it can get the blessing of Buddha, so the poor call it "Buddha porridge". The poem of Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "Today, Buddha porridge is more mutually beneficial, and the opposite is Jiangcun Village." It is said that Tianning Temple, a famous temple in Hangzhou, has a "rice stack building" for storing leftovers. Usually, monks in the temple dry leftovers every day, accumulate a year's surplus grain, and cook laba porridge for believers on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. It is called "Fushou porridge" and "Fude porridge", which means that they can increase their happiness and longevity after eating them. It can be seen that the monks at that time cherished the virtue of food.

Legend 3: Laba Festival comes from the custom of "dressing up as a ghost with red beans". Legend has it that Zhuan Xu, one of the five emperors in ancient times, turned his three sons into evil spirits after his death and came out to scare children. In ancient times, people generally believed in superstition and were afraid of ghosts and gods. They believe that adults and children suffer from strokes and poor health because of the spectre of epidemics. These evil spirits are fearless, only afraid of red (red) beans, so there is a saying that "red beans play ghosts." Therefore, on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, porridge is cooked with adzuki beans and adzuki beans to dispel the epidemic and welcome the auspicious. Legend 4: Laba Festival originates from people's memory of Yue Fei, a loyal minister. At that time, Yue Fei led troops to resist gold in Zhuxian town, which was in the severe winter of September. Yue Jiajun had no food and clothing, was hungry and cold, and the people sent porridge one after another. Yue Jiajun had a hearty meal of "thousand porridge" sent by the people, and the result was a great victory. It was the eighth day of December. After Yue Fei's death, in order to commemorate him, people cooked porridge with miscellaneous grains and beans on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, which finally became a custom.

Shuntian Fuzhi: "Laba porridge, a kind of eight-treasure porridge", on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, porridge is cooked in Yonghe Palace, customized, supervised by ministers and covered with rice. Its porridge is made of glutinous rice, mixed fruit and sugar, and is cooked by every household. "

Hunan folk custom-offering sacrifices to fermented grains, sheep and pigs, singing wax drums and offering sacrifices to the god of the earth valley.

Preparation of preserved rice, preserved wine, preserved vinegar, preserved water and preserved fruit

Laba porridge was cooked with adzuki beans and glutinous rice in ancient times, and then the materials were gradually increased. People in the Southern Song Dynasty carefully wrote "Old Wulin Stories" and said, "Cooking porridge with walnuts, pine nuts, milk mushrooms, persimmon mushrooms and persimmon chestnuts is called Laba porridge."

Up to now, people in Jiangnan, Northeast and Northwest China still have the custom of eating Laba porridge, which is rare in Guangdong. With different materials, glutinous rice, red beans, jujube, chestnuts, peanuts, ginkgo, lotus seeds, lilies and so on are commonly used to cook sweet porridge. Longan, longan and candied fruit are all ripe. Eating a steaming bowl of Laba porridge in winter is delicious and nutritious, which can really increase happiness and prolong life. Twenty-three of twelfth lunar month

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Legend has it that the Kitchen God is the son-in-law of the Jade Emperor. He is honest, loyal, stubborn and ugly, and doesn't please his father-in-law. He was demoted to earth to take charge of housework and kitchen affairs. At the end of each year, he goes to heaven to "visit relatives" and "report on his work" and report all kinds of situations. Whoever is at fault will lose 100 to 300 days of life, so we dare not neglect it. People burn incense, kowtow to the kitchen god, change their spirits, offer Shanghai dolphin wine, fish fresh, white beans, candied fruits and five-color rice food, stick chewing gum on their mouths, and wipe their faces with distiller's grains, so that this venerable god who has been smoldering all the year round finally tasted some sweetness to "say good things from the sky and return to the palace for good luck". In addition, in the Yuan Dynasty, in order to prevent the Han people from rebelling, only the Han people could make a fire to open a stove, so the Han people used to call this ancient Mongolian man "Lao Zao Ye" and the woman "Lao Zao Nai", and also drew pictures and pasted them in the kitchen. Every New Year, Mongols will report the situation of the whole village to the county seat. In order to make the "old stove master" speak well in the sky, on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, every household will send delicious food to the Mongolian family, which is called "offering sacrifices to the stove". If you have a chance to go to the countryside to see the images of "old stove owner" and "old stove milk", you will find that the characters in the picture are all dressed in Mongolian clothes.

Boiled chicken bone candy, stove candy and chewing gum. "Meta-erosion gum sugar means taking gum."

The practice of "population porridge"-Dream of Liang Lu On 25th, scholars cooked red bean porridge to worship the god of food, which was called "population porridge". Cats and dogs are also expected. "