2022 people's education publishing house junior high school geography knowledge points

Geographical knowledge points are both * * and personalized, so we should pay attention to the summary of things and the analysis of personality in the learning process. Do you know what knowledge points there are in junior high school geography published by 2022 People's Education Edition? Let's take a look at the knowledge points of junior high school geography in the 2022 People's Education Edition. Welcome to check!

Knowledge points of junior high school geography by People's Education Edition

northwest area

Section 1 Natural Characteristics and Agriculture

1. Location: Northwest China is generally located in the west of Daxing 'anling, north of the Great Wall, Kunlun Mountain-Altun Mountain.

2. Topography: The northwest is dominated by plateaus and basins, the east is the Inner Mongolia Plateau, and the west is the mountains and basins.

3. Climate and rivers: Being far away from the sea and mountains, northwest China has a dry climate and few rivers, mostly seasonal rivers, which are the main distribution areas of inland rivers in China.

4. Natural landscape: deserts and grasslands are widely distributed in the northwest, grasslands are dominant in the eastern plateau, and gradually transition to desert grasslands and deserts in the west, and there are large areas of deserts in the western basin.

5. Pastoral areas and irrigated agricultural areas

(1) There is more precipitation in the east of Helan Mountain, which is rich in surface water resources. There is less precipitation in the west of Helan Mountain, more Gobi and desert on the surface, more precipitation in mountainous areas, and alpine pastures.

(2) Excellent livestock species include Sanhe Cattle, Sanhe Horse and Xinjiang Fine Wool Sheep, and the mobile houses on the grassland are called Mongolian yurts.

6. Irrigation agriculture

(1) There is less natural precipitation in northwest China, which is difficult to meet the needs of crop growth. Only in areas irrigated by rivers, mountains, ice and snow and groundwater can agriculture be developed and irrigated agricultural areas be formed.

(2) Due to the high temperature, strong illumination and large temperature difference between day and night at the county level, the agricultural products here are of excellent quality, especially melons and fruits, which are famous at home and abroad.

(3) High temperature, sunny days and sufficient sunshine in summer are beneficial to the growth and picking of cotton. Xinjiang's long-staple cotton enjoys a high reputation throughout the country.

(4) Water diversion project-Karez: an ancient water conservancy project that uses the slope at the foot of the mountain to develop and utilize groundwater. Its culvert is designed to reduce water evaporation to adapt to the local arid environment.

The second quarter-Tarim basin, a treasure land of drought

1, Geographical location: Tarim Basin is located in the south of Xinjiang, between Tianshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain, and is the largest basin in China.

2. Climate: Tarim Basin is located inland, surrounded by high mountains, with scarce precipitation, arid climate and scarce precipitation, which is called extremely arid area in China.

3. Gobi desert is widely distributed and inaccessible. In the center of the basin, there is the largest desert in China-Taklimakan Desert.

4. There are scattered oases along the foothills and rivers along the edge of Tarim Basin. Their water sources mainly come from mountain precipitation and melting water of snow and ice, and they are the main distribution areas of local population, towns and traffic lines.

5. The Tarim Basin is rich in oil and gas resources, especially the natural gas reserves account for 1/4 of the national land natural gas reserves. The west-to-east gas transmission project will promote the economic development and environmental improvement in the western region. Alleviate energy shortage and improve the eastern environment.

6. The environment of Tarim Basin is fragile, so the development of oil and gas resources should avoid environmental damage and strengthen oasis environmental protection.

Junior high school geography knowledge formula

Three principles of goods selection

Expensive and urgent demand is not great, and the best choice is aviation.

Fresh and perishable goods can be transported short distances by road.

Long distance and a lot, there are special cars on the railway.

Bulk heavy and long-distance, water transport and railway.

Top Ten Tourist Attractions in China

Badaling, the Forbidden City in Beijing, and Hebei, a summer resort.

Shaanxi Province, Qin Huangling, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Hubei, Chongqing.

Anhui Huang, Suzhou Garden of West Lake in Guilin, Zhejiang,

The sun and the moon on Taiwan Province Island are very bright.

A large minority population

China is a multi-ethnic country with 55 ethnic minorities.

The largest population is Zhuang, with 4 million people returning to the soil.

Miao Wei, Tibet and Mongolia.

Fourteen land neighbors of China

Russia and Mongolia are in the north, and North Korea is on the east coast.

Northwest Haji Tower, three Gastans.

Indonesia and Bhutan are in the southwest.

To the west are Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Three southern countries, Laos and Vietnam.

Characteristics of China's topographic regions

There are snow-capped mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Seen from a distance, the mountain is near Chengchuan.

Inner Mongolia Plateau is the second largest plateau, which is endless.

The Loess Plateau is loose and broken, with many gullies and ridges.

There are many peaks and valleys in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and karst dams abound.

Keywords Qaidam in Tarim basin, Gobi desert in the basin,

There is a Chengdu elephant fan in the mountain ring of Sichuan Basin.

The three plains are north-south, and the northeast is on the bank of the Yangtze River in North China.

Northeast China is 200 meters above sea level, and people often turn over black soil.

North China, also known as Huanghuaihai, is 50 square meters above sea level.

Key points of junior high school geography knowledge

The first section, Japan

1. East Asian island countries: Japan is located in the east of Asia and the northwest of the Pacific Ocean. Its territory includes Hokkaido, Honshu (the largest), Shikoku and Kyushu and 3,900 nearby islands. The capital is Tokyo.

2, mountain terrain:

(1) The terrain is mainly mountainous and hilly (3/4), and the plain area is narrow (the Kanto Plain is the largest).

(2) There are many volcanoes and earthquakes in Japan (located in the volcanic seismic belt around the Pacific Ocean). Mount Fuji is an active volcano.

③ The coastline is tortuous and there are many excellent harbors. (Kobe and Yokohama)

3. Warm and humid climate (north temperate monsoon climate, south subtropical monsoon climate) → obvious maritime characteristics.

4. Developed economies:

(1), is a developed country, the economic development level is second only to the United States, ranking second in the world.

(2) Japanese foreign trade mainly includes the United States, China and Europe.

(3) Three major sectors of Japanese agriculture: seafood, rice and vegetables.

(4) Japan's industrial distribution: the narrow strip along the Pacific coast and the inland sea coast of Seto (where shipping is convenient and foreign trade is convenient).

5. Major cities: See "Industrial Distribution in Japan" on page 69 of World Geography (Volume II).

Remember the following cities:

(1), the capital-Tokyo;

② Four industrial centers: Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Kitakyushu;

(3) Seaports-Yokohama and Kobe.

Section 2 Egypt

1, spanning Asia and Africa (Sinai Peninsula in Asia belongs to Egypt). (See the P 72 map of World Geography (Volume II)).

Cairo, the capital, is the largest city in Africa.

3. It is a desert country with a tropical desert climate in most areas, which is hot and dry all year round.

4. "Mother River"-The Nile is 6600 kilometers long and the longest river in the world.

5. Ancient civilization: Golden Pagoda, Sphinx, "Mummy", hieroglyphics, etc.

6. Industry is the main sector of the national economy. Egypt's agriculture is concentrated in the Nile Valley and Delta, and it is rich in long-staple cotton, ranking first in the world in terms of output and export.

Section III, Russia

1, largest country:

(1), area 1700 km2. Russia is the largest country in the world and the only country in the world that spans Europe, Asia and the eastern and western hemispheres.

(2) It borders the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Baltic Sea in the west and China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan in the south.

2. Terrain:

(1) The terrain is high in the east and low in the west.

(2) The terrain is mainly plain (70%). West → East: Eastern Europe Plain, Western Siberia Plain, Central Siberia Plateau and Eastern Siberia Mountain.

(3) River: The Volga River, the longest river in Europe, flows through the eastern European plain and flows into the Caspian Sea.

(4) Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world (the deepest is over 1600 meters), with the most fresh water.

3. Climate: Most areas belong to temperate continental climate (long and cold in winter and short and cool in summer).

4. Resources: (1) Rich in water resources (Volga River, Lake Baikal);

(2) Rich forest resources (including the largest coniferous forest in the sub-frigid zone in the world);

(3) Rich in mineral resources (Tyumen Oilfield and Second Baku Oilfield, Kursk Iron Mine and Kuzbas Coal Mine).

5. Economy:

(1) Russia is a big country with heavy industry, and its industry is mainly distributed in Europe.

(2) Four industrial zones: ① St. Petersburg Industrial Zone: coal industry, steel industry, chemical industry, etc.

② Moscow Industrial Zone: coal industry, steel industry, chemical industry, etc.

(3) Ural Industrial Zone: mainly iron and steel industry and machinery industry;

(4) Novosibirsk Industrial Zone (Asia): Mainly heavy industry and military industry.

(3) Agriculture: ① Main agricultural areas: Volga River Basin and Don River Basin in Eastern Europe Plain;

② Agricultural products: cereals, potatoes, flax, etc.

(4) Major cities:

(1) Capital Moscow: the largest city and comprehensive industrial center in China, the political, cultural and transportation center;

② St. Petersburg: the second largest city, near the Baltic Sea;

3. Vladivostok: near the Pacific Ocean;

(4) Murmansk: near the Arctic Ocean (it is not frozen all year round and is influenced by the warm current of the North Atlantic).

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