To the Man Without Me —— Literary Style in the Early Qing Dynasty

Beginners in Qing Dynasty advocated practical learning spirit, so did writers in early Qing Dynasty. There is a Xu Zeng in Changzhou who said that Jin Shengtan is a man without self. It can also represent the thoughts and creations of major novelists and dramatists in the early Qing Dynasty. Jintan is also a Changzhou native and an outstanding literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty. He commented on Li Sao, Zhuangzi, Historical Records, Du Fu's Poems, The Water Margin and The West Chamber, praising them as six books of genius. In particular, the comments on The West Chamber and Water Margin are as lively as fire, as provocative as an official, as swift as a pen, and as fast as a sentence, criticizing monks and nuns for escaping from reality, mocking literati for losing their solar terms, praising Wu Song's integrity, and eulogizing Shi Naian's clear love and hate. He advocates that when criticizing novels, we should first understand the author's writing motivation and test the writing height of its objective consequences from the author. In the writing and appreciation of the novel, he summed up many skills and methods, such as the method of supporting the moon through the clouds, moving the hall to build trees, and the method of porch on the moon in The West Chamber. There are three methods in the Water Margin: the backward insertion method, the narrative clip method, the grass snake gray line method, and the vertical method of trying to get along with the past. He is a literary critic, but he should not be above others. He can approach different people in different ways and draw rich nutrition and great strength from them. Xu Zeng said that Jin Shengtan has a lofty spirit of selflessness: when he meets a drinker, he can drink loudly; When he meets a poet, he can meditate; When he meets a swordsman, he can dance like an ape; When he meets a chess player, he can do the math. When I met a Taoist priest, I was furious; I met a monk who circled the seat. When I met the debater, his pearl jade floated with the wind; When he meets a quiet person, he can stay up all day. With the old man, he can dance; With children, he can cry and laugh! In a letter to a friend, Jin Shengtan said: If he can live another 20 years, then he can approve dozens more books. I seem to have dislocated my wrist while writing. This also shows his diligence. On August 7, the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, he was executed by the Qing rulers in Sanshan Street, Jiangning. The reason is that he also participated in the "Crying Temple" held by the magistrate of Wuxian County and wrote a book "Crying Temple". This shows that writers in the early Qing Dynasty dared to face the reality and speak for the public. In the early Qing Dynasty, there was a famous novelist named Pu Songling, a native of Zichuan, Shandong Province, and the author of Collected Works of Liaozhai. He talks not only about academics, but also about current affairs. His novel Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, on the surface, talks about foxes and ghosts, and also publicizes some feudal dross of karma, loyalty and filial piety. However, it is unfortunate to tactfully expose the corruption of the imperial examination system, attack the darkness of feudal society, affirm pure love and sympathize with the people. , vividly exposed the greed of officials in the early Qing dynasty; Xi Fang ping. Express the author's nostalgia for the Ming Dynasty and disgust for the Qing Dynasty. Lin Siniang * * * has 43 1 pieces, and each piece is unlimited in length. Gongsun nine niang is the shortest, with only 60 words. It inherits the traditions of China's classical novels, such as stories and legends, and integrates their great achievements, integrating the details of the legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties with the simplicity of the stories of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Give those foxes a real human touch, and even make readers almost forget their differences. Ji Yun, who later wrote Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, was also influenced by Waqu. Pu Songling became a tribute student at the age of 7/kloc-0. He has been trying repeatedly before, teaching in the countryside and contacting farmers. He writes strange stories from a strange studio. These stories come from popular stories of farmers in the village and letters from friends from other places. It can also be seen that writers in the early Qing dynasty did not break away from reality and people's style. The most active literary creation in the early Qing Dynasty was poetry and drama. In terms of drama, although Yuan Zaju has become a masterpiece, there are still a considerable number of writers, among whom Hong Sheng and Kong are the most famous. He is from Qiantang, Zhejiang, Hong Sheng. He wrote.

At the beginning, the author announced that he was writing a love story that was true to the end, sincere and unswerving, and finally got married. He felt that there was nothing to do, and the sun and the moon competed for glory, which went down in history. The whole play begins with engagement, secret vows, death, reunion in the moon palace, where you are going, and paradise on earth, with mixed feelings of sadness and joy. The lyrics are beautiful and sad and the characters are lifelike. As soon as it was staged, it won the enthusiastic appreciation of the audience, and both the wine club and Song Lou stopped performing, raising the price of the play. In the 28th year of Kangxi, even on the anniversary of the death of Queen Shunzhi, a certain family staged this play. As a result, all the audience and screenwriters were accused of disrespect. Check and so on. Everyone who went to the theatre was dismissed from office. I have never seen Hongsheng in my life. In the forty-third year of Kangxi, I went to Wuzhen, got drunk, fell into the water and died. At the same time, Hong Sheng, a Confucius in Qufu, Shandong Province, dared to write modern plays. He heard from his clan: In the Southern Ming Dynasty, Li, a famous prostitute, spilled blood on her face when she saw that the country was ruined. A man named Yang Longyou lit the blood on the fan to make peach blossoms. So he started an event and made up a play. Described the love between Jiangnan celebrities and Qinhuai prostitute Li with rich and sad lyrics. Exposed the political corruption, bureaucratic struggle and ugly face of Wang Xiaochao Timarang Group, exposed their crimes of imprisoning patriots and persecuting innocent people, and praised Shi Kefa's loyalty. The beauties, talents, ideals and patriotism in Li's works are essentially eulogies to the lower classes. Expose the corruption of the small court in Nanming, and reveal the reasons for its failure and demise. At the end of the play, the author even used Su Kun to sing the endless pain of the Ming Dynasty, the death of children and the infinite regret of the people for the broken mountains and rivers. The words are: the remnants of the army abandoned the barricade, the thin horse lay in the empty trench, the village was depressed, and the city was sooner or later. I once saw songbirds singing in Jinling Yutang, and the waterside pavilion by Qinhuai River opened early, but it was easy to melt. He saw Zhu Lou, his party guest, and his building collapsed. This moss was covered with blue tiles, and I slept happily for fifty years. Wuyi Lane is not called Wang, Mochou Lake cries ghosts at night, and Phoenix Taiwan owls and birds sing. Meng Shan is the most real, but the old world is hard to lose. Don, I don't believe this map. Make up a strange story of a strange studio and play the sad voice to the old. Li's love poems are combined with those of the adherents of the Southern Ming Dynasty under the Mi regime.