When will kumquat blossom?

Flowering refers to the biological definition. When the pollen grains in the pistil and the embryo sac (or one of them) in the pistil ovary mature, the calyx and corolla will open immediately, exposing the pistil and stamens. The following is when kumquat blooms, for your reference, hoping to help friends in need.

The flowering period is from March to May, and the fruiting period is10-65438+February. Potted plants bloom many times, and farmers keep the flowering period from July to August until the fruit matures on the eve of the Spring Festival.

Brief introduction of kumquat

Kumquat belongs to Rutaceae Kumquat, Citrinae. Small evergreen trees or shrubs with broad lanceolate or oval leaves, spiny stems and branches, oval fruits, smooth golden skin, small and dense oil cells and edible. The skin of kumquat is tender and crisp, and the oily smell when biting the skin is irritating, which can't help but remind people of Su Shi, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, "The orange fragrance is half broken and the spring is full of teeth." Wu Ji's hand still smells good for three days. "

Among them, Kumquat Slippery Skin is a new variety discovered and successfully bred by agricultural technicians in Rong 'an County, Guangxi in 198 1, and it was popularized and cultivated in 1984. After more than 20 years of cultivation observation, this variety has stable characters, high yield, good quality and easy cultivation, but there are more pests than ordinary kumquat. So kumquat is one of the famous agricultural and sideline products in Rong 'an.

The efficacy of kumquat:

Regulate qi and relieve depression, eliminate phlegm and quench thirst, digestion and sober up. Kumquat can enhance the cold resistance of human body, prevent and treat colds and reduce blood lipids. People with chest tightness and qi stagnation, people who don't think about diet, or eat when they are full, drunk and thirsty; It is suitable for acute and chronic tracheitis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, hypertension and straight pipe sclerosis. People with spleen deficiency and qi deficiency should not eat more, and diabetic patients should not eat more. Don't eat anything with a broken tongue and sore gums.

Kumquat is not only beautiful, but also rich in vitamin C, kumquat glycoside and other ingredients, which plays a certain role in maintaining cardiovascular function and preventing arteriosclerosis, hypertension and other diseases. Candied kumquat, as a dietetic health product, can stimulate appetite, quench thirst by drinking kumquat juice, and treat cough by adding radish juice and pear juice. Kumquat is sweet and warm, and can regulate qi, relieve depression and resolve phlegm. Its medicinal method is: treating chronic bronchitis, and stewing kumquat and crystal sugar in water. Kumquat, burnt malt and burnt hawthorn are decocted with water to treat dyspepsia. Chronic hepatitis can be treated by decocting kumquat and Scutellaria barbata into thick juice and adding sugar. Stomach cold pain can be decocted with kumquat and Evodia rutaecarpa. Cooked kumquat, Pogostemon rugosa and ginger can treat common cold and nausea, while decocted kumquat and Codonopsis pilosula instead of tea can prevent miscarriage.

The role of kumquat:

Kumquat fruit is rich in vitamin A, which can prevent pigmentation, improve skin luster and elasticity, slow down aging and avoid skin relaxation and wrinkling. It can also prevent civilized diseases, such as vascular diseases and cancer, regulate qi, relieve cough, strengthen stomach and eliminate phlegm, and prevent asthma and bronchitis. Kumquat also contains vitamin P, which is an important nutrient for maintaining vascular health, can strengthen the elasticity of microvessels, and can be used as an auxiliary nursed back to health food for hypertension, arteriosclerosis and heart disease.

80% of vitamin C in kumquat is stored in the peel, which is very effective for liver detoxification, eye care and immune system health care, and kumquat peel is sweeter than pulp.

Taboo: Don't drink milk one hour before and after eating kumquat, because the protein in milk will solidify when it meets the fruit acid in kumquat, which is not easy to digest and absorb, which will lead to bloating and sadness; Kumquat should not be eaten before meals or on an empty stomach, because the organic acids contained in it will stimulate the mucosa of the stomach wall and make the stomach feel uncomfortable; When you have a sore throat, itching and cough, it is not advisable to add sugar to kumquat tea. Eating too much sugar is easy to produce phlegm.

Kumquat is characterized by eating the peel and pulp together. After chewing, I feel my throat moist and fragrant. 80% of vitamin C in kumquat is concentrated in the peel, and the content per 100m is 200mg. Kumquat can be used as tea besides fresh food. One of its great uses is to process it into sugar kumquat cake, licorice kumquat cake, jam, orange peel wine, kumquat juice and so on. Aromatic oil can also be extracted from the peel. Kumquat has high medicinal value.

Extended data:

Biological properties

leaf

Leaflets are ovoid or oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 cm long and 65,438 0.5-3.5 cm wide, with blunt or short tips and broad wedge-shaped bases; The petiole is 6~ 10 mm long, sparsely long, and the leaflets are narrow to obvious.

flower

Flowers solitary or 2~3 in clusters, pedicels longer and thinner than 6 mm; Calyx lobes 5 or 4; Petals are 6~8 mm long, stamens 15~25, slightly shorter than petals. The filaments are combined into several bundles in different degrees, some of which are free. The ovary is spherical with 4~6 cells, and the style is as long as the ovary.

fruit

The fruit is spherical, with transverse diameter of1.5 ~ 2.5cm, orange-yellow to orange-red peel, thickness of1.5 ~ 2mm, sweet taste, flat or slightly convex oil cells and sour or slightly sweet flesh. Seeds 2-5, ovoid, sharp or obtuse, rounded at base.

cultivation techniques

get a first reign title after the founding of a dynasty

Choose a slope with a distance of 500~600 meters from the main road, an altitude of 450~550 meters, a slope of less than 30, good lighting conditions and a slope to the south or southeast. It is required that the soil layer is deep, loose and fertile, the depth is greater than 1 m, the groundwater level is below 1 m, and the pollution-free water source is used as the irrigation water for the orchard.

Select seeds

Select excellent varieties with strong disease resistance and cold resistance.

Cultivation method

Sparse planting method is adopted, with the plant spacing of 2.3m× 3m and 80 ~100 plants per mu. Before sowing, the seedlings should be sown and the film at the interface should be trimmed, mainly in spring, usually from early February to mid-March.

rational application of fertilizer

The use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited, and scientific formula fertilization is advocated. Fertilizer must be used in combination with organic fertilizer, potassium chloride should be used less, and potassium sulfate should be used instead. Attention should also be paid to the use of organic fertilizer, such as chicken manure, which must be fermented and decomposed to kill various parasite eggs and pathogenic bacteria.

Fertilization method

When digging ditches in the crown of drip line, the general annular ditch 15 ~ 20cm deep and 30cm wide, and the radial ditch is suitable for fertilization. The shallow ditch should be opened outward from the trunk and gradually deepened outward. The depth and width of organic fertilizer should be greater than 30cm. Master the principles of shallow root application, deep root application, shallow application in spring and summer, deep application in autumn and winter, and deep application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Fertilization time and quantity

1. Apply young trees before the shoots germinate and after the shoots are picked in spring, summer and autumn. In winter, shoot fertilizer is applied for 3 times, strong shoot fertilizer for 3 times, and base fertilizer 1 time. Use ditch (hole) soil for application. 1~3-year-old kumquat trees were applied with 75 ~150g nitrogen fertilizer, 20% phosphorus fertilizer and 25% potassium fertilizer.

2. Fruit picking fertilizer should be applied before and after kumquat harvest, accounting for about 20% of the whole year.

3. Fertilizer for spring bamboo shoots should be applied before spring bamboo shoots germinate 1 month (from late February to early March), and the available nitrogen fertilizer can account for 35%~40% of the whole year.

3. Pre-flowering fertilizer should be applied before the first flower opens from mid-May to early June, which can promote the flowering and fruit setting of the first flower and the formation of the second flower maker, thus improving the fruit setting rate. Mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the application amount accounts for 20%~25% of the whole year.

4. The fertilizer for stabilizing fruit and strengthening fruit is mainly to promote and protect 1 and two batches of flowers and fruits. From late July to early August, nitrogen and phosphorus were mainly applied to young flowers and young fruits after the second physiological fruit drop. Potassium fertilizer was suitable, combined with trace fertilizers such as copper, manganese and zinc, and the fertilization amount accounted for about 20% of the annual fertilization amount.

Protect flowers and fruits

1, sprouting period of spring shoots (March), draining some spring shoots in that year. At the tender shoot stage, 0.3%~0.5% urea and 0. 1% borax can be sprayed.

2. It is best to spray nutrient solution (0.2% borax and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) at the end of June to mid-July, 1 young fruit stage and 2/3 secondary flowering stage, which can cooperate with pest control to protect fruit. Keep one fruit and two fruits at intervals of 1 fruit-keeping 15~20 days, and the formula can be the same as 1 fruit-keeping.

3. Erase all summer shoots in the budding period (from June to the end of July) to control the occurrence of scab and anthracnose.

4. During the fruit expansion period (from July to 65438+ 10), the fruit is easy to crack, so the anti-cracking agent should be used to spray the fruit to prevent cracking and protect the fruit, and the prevention and control of red spider, rust and black spot should be strengthened.

5. When the fruit matures (165438+ 10 month), prevent the fruit from falling before harvest, mainly control scab, anthracnose and black spot, use black light or poison bait to trap and kill pests, spray pesticides to drive away pests, and spray biological pesticides to control diseases.

Plastic trimming

Weak trees are pruned, while strong trees are pruned lightly. Moderate pruning of the tree of moderation. Combination of thinning and cutting, leave more branches and leaves, do not cut what can be cut, and do not cut what cannot be cut. Adult fruit trees should be cut more in the upper and outer parts of the crown, and less in the lower and inner parts of the crown. Young trees mainly wipe buds, pick cores and put bamboo shoots; Trees with many fruits are lightly pruned, mainly thinning, while long branches are heavily pruned, mainly cutting short. For the first-bearing trees (2-3 years after the beginning of fruiting), attention should be paid to the regeneration of branches, heavy pruning of annual trees, light pruning of young trees, heavy pruning of large flowers, light pruning of small flowers and moderate pruning of stable trees.

1, spring pruning

Generally, it is carried out after fruit picking or before germination in early spring. In order to avoid freezing injury, it is mainly around beginning of spring.

2, summer pruning

Prune the crown branches before the spring shoots of kumquat stop growing until the autumn shoots come out.

Major disease

The main pests and diseases of kumquat are scab, black spot, red spider, rust tick, scale insect, liriomyza sativae, longicorn and so on.

black spot

It mainly harms leaves and fruits. For the first time 1 time, spray 80% Sheng Da M-45 600 times or 10% world height 3000 times when the spring buds germinate, and then spray 1 time every time when two-thirds of the flowers fall, with the emphasis on flowering in rainy season.

scale insect

Mainly concentrated in early May, followed by July and September, 10% chlorpyrifos 1000 times, 2.5% Kung Fu EC 2500 times, 10% imidacloprid 1500 times.

Red spider and rust tick

The damage to leaves and fruits mostly occurred in April-June and September-65438+10. Chemical control is mainly concentrated in spring and autumn, with 50% nisolone 3000 times or 20% chlorfenuron 4000 times, 50% Tok 1500 times and 73% chlorfenuron 3000 times, which should be used alternately.

Medicinal value

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that kumquat is warm and sweet, enters the lungs and gallbladder, and has the effects of relieving depression, relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Suitable for fever, dry mouth, cough and excessive phlegm. Proper intake of citrus fruits such as kumquat has a good effect on preventing and treating some physical discomfort.

Treat sore throat

300g kumquat, 300g tomato and 300g kiwi fruit. Wash the above ingredients, peel kumquat and kiwi fruit, juice, and add appropriate amount of warm water to make tea for drinking.

Treating cough and resolving phlegm

Kumquat 100g (half washed), 20g sweet almond, 20g white radish and 20g ginger. Decoct in water, add some honey to taste, eat fruit and drink soup.

Treat chest distress and abdominal distension

Kumquat 100 g (half washed), rose 10 g, water chestnut 30 g (washed), hawthorn 100 g (washed), decoction, fruit and soup.

Wake up from drunkenness

300 grams of kumquat, 500 grams of orange and 200 grams of cherry tomatoes. Wash the above ingredients, squeeze them into juice, add appropriate amount of boiling water, and drink them regularly instead of drinking tea. Hypertension kumquat 300g (half washed), white chrysanthemum 10g, hawthorn 30g. Decoct in water, eat fruit and drink soup.

Treat hyperplasia of mammary glands

Kumquat 100g (half washed), kelp 30g, honeysuckle 10g, dandelion 15g. Decoct with water and drink frequently.

Eliminate edema

Kumquat 100g (half washed), melon skin 40g, corn stigma 20g. Decoct with water and drink frequently.

Treat nephropathy

Patients can take kumquat 500g, strawberry 200g, grape 100g and tomato 30g. Wash the above ingredients, peel kumquat, squeeze it into juice, and add appropriate amount of warm water to eat. Efficacy: nourishing yin and promoting fluid production, nourishing qi and blood. It is suitable for patients with kidney disease with weak waist and knees and unfavorable urination.