How to prune apricot trees is better? Should apricot trees be watered and fertilized regularly?

Just after the long summer, many fruits popular in summer appeared in the fruit market. Besides litchi and bayberry, apricots are also loved by people. It is understood that this year's apricot market is not much different from previous years, and the price ranges from 2 to 5 yuan per kilogram.

Apricot is a kind of fruit with good quality and low price. Fruit farmers usually use small profits but quick turnover to gain greater economic benefits. When apricot trees are harvested, the corresponding management work should also be done in place. Before, some fruit friends failed to manage it in time after harvest, which led to a large number of early deciduous leaves in apricot orchards, which seriously affected the yield of the next year. Today, with this question, let's talk about how to manage apricot trees scientifically after harvest. Let's have a look!

The reason why apricot leaves early after harvest is that it is usually picked from mid-May to late June and enters the normal defoliation stage in June. However, due to the climatic environment, improper management and other factors, some apricot orchards of fruit farmers began to shed leaves at the end of May, that is, when a batch of fruits were harvested. By mid-June, the leaves were the most serious, and even the whole apricot tree disappeared.

There is a difference between early defoliation and normal defoliation of apricot trees, which can be judged by observing the specific state of apricot leaves. Apricot trees are prone to early defoliation, which is often reflected in the leaves. At first, there will be brown spots on the edge of leaves, and then they will gradually expand, and will dry up and fall off after losing water. Not all leaves will appear diseased spots and then fall off. If the leaves fall seriously in the later stage, the leaves will turn yellow slightly and then fall off until the whole apricot tree has no leaves.

So, why is this happening? It mainly involves three aspects.

First, water and fertilizer are insufficient. If apricot trees are not fertilized in time after harvesting in summer, most of the nutrients in the trees have been exhausted. Without nutritional supplement, the leaves will have no assimilation function, and naturally spots will appear, and then they will turn yellow and fall off. In addition, summer is prone to long-term high temperature and little rain. Because apricot is a shallow-rooted fruit tree, when the soil moisture is insufficient, it will also lead to early defoliation.

Second, there is no pruning. Apricot trees need sufficient light in any growth period. However, the apricot orchards of some fruit farmers' friends have experienced tree growth in spring and summer because of their dense planting density and intersecting branches. Too many branches and diseases and insect pests lead to canopy closure, which can not be ventilated and transported normally, affecting photosynthesis, thus leading to defoliation.

Third, the harm of pests and diseases. As mentioned above, diseased spots will appear before defoliation, which is largely due to the infection of leaves by diseases. Take brown spot disease as an example, the edge of apricot leaves infected with this disease will turn yellow, brown spots will appear, and in severe cases, leaves will fall. However, the pests are mainly coccidia, which feed on the leaves of apricot trees, making the leaves lose their normal functions, and then pale yellow spots will appear, which will dry up and fall off after curling up.

brown spot

Fertilization after harvest is the so-called "leaves depend on roots". Combined with the reasons mentioned above, it is very necessary to apply fertilizer reasonably after apricot harvest, which can not only supplement the nutrients of the tree, but also lay a good foundation for the next flowering and fruit setting. Pay attention to when applying fertilizer, and apply more apricot trees with weak trees and many fruits. At the same time, because it takes a long time for the roots of fruit trees to absorb fertilizer and then convert it into nutrients that trees can use, rhizosphere fertilization and foliar fertilization can be combined.

Rhizosphere fertilization can be carried out immediately after fruit picking, and the earlier the better. Before fertilization, the apricot orchard soil should be deeply ploughed to a depth of about 30 cm. Pay attention to the position near the trunk, and don't plow deeply, so as not to hurt the roots of apricot trees. However, because foliar fertilizer absorbs apricot trees quickly, it is not necessary to apply it early, but it can be sprayed at an appropriate time from mid-June to normal defoliation.

Fertilization is usually based on organic fertilizer, a small amount of chemical fertilizer, mainly phosphorus fertilizer and calcium fertilizer. It is necessary to remind fruit farmers that the organic fertilizer needs to be fully decomposed, otherwise it will cause damage to the root system of apricot trees, and the amount of chemical fertilizer should not be too large. The proportion should be flexibly controlled according to the specific conditions of their orchards. Here are divided into early fruit trees and full fruit trees for the reference of fruit farmers.

40~50 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate can be applied to each first fruit tree; However, 70~80 kg of organic fertilizer and 0/.0 kg of calcium superphosphate/kloc-can be applied to each fruit tree, and watering once after application can promote the root system to absorb fertilizer better. The foliar fertilizer is 0.3%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2%~0.4% urea. After mixing, spray them. Remember that you can't spray at noon in high temperature in summer, otherwise it will be ineffective. Generally, spray it once every 15 days, and spray it for 2~3 times will have a good effect.

At the beginning of post-harvest pruning, it was mentioned that the dense crown of apricot trees is the main reason for premature defoliation, so it is necessary to prune those long branches, dense branches and insect branches in time, and then prune them carefully according to the age and shape of different apricot trees. There are two kinds of trees: young trees and mature trees. Common pruning methods are pinching, pulling and thinning.

Because young trees are mainly well-cultivated trees, it is suggested that fruit farmers should not be overweight when pruning, but only lightly prune them to maintain a good tree structure and ensure good ventilation and light transmission of apricot trees as a whole, so the available pruning methods are pinching and dewatering. Picking refers to cutting off the tender branches at the top of the new shoots of apricot trees, which can increase the nutrient accumulation of apricot branches, promote the maturity of branches and lay a good foundation for later flowering and fruiting. However, it is not advisable to pick the heart too early, and it is recommended to do it before the leaves fall in September.

Thinning refers to pruning those tender branches that are not in place. Such new shoots are not conducive to a well-cultivated tree shape, and even form too dense branches, which hinders the normal growth of apricot trees. Therefore, when they grow to 3~6 cm, they need pruning.

For mature trees, the pruning method of pulling branches is the most suitable to prevent premature defoliation, because the direction of branches can be changed by opening angle, which can not only increase the light and ventilation of trees, but also inhibit the top advantage of apricot trees, which is beneficial to the cultivation of fruit-bearing branches. Pay attention to the angle when pulling branches. For the more upright main branches, it can be pulled to 45~60 degrees, and other branches can increase the angle of pulling branches, not exceeding 65 degrees.

Pest control Summer is a period of high incidence of various pests and diseases in apricot trees. If the apricot brown spot disease mentioned at the beginning appears, apricot trees can be sprayed with 600 times solution of 50% carbendazim. Pay attention to spray evenly, spray on both sides of the leaves, not just once, otherwise it will not achieve the desired effect. You can spray once or twice a week. Diseases that can also cause early defoliation of apricot trees include bacterial perforation and apricot furuncle.

Bacterial perforation of apricot

Bacterial perforation is mainly spread by wind and rain, so it is more common in rainy summer. The diseased leaves will appear brown spots, the condition will gradually expand and then puncture and fall off. But apricot furuncle will cause the leaves to turn yellow and thick, and then dry up and fall off. Spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl 800~ 1000 times at the initial stage, once every 10~ 15 days, and then spraying twice continuously, these two diseases can be controlled.

In terms of pests, if fruit farmers find a kind of pest, that is, apricot pit scale, they can clean up the severely damaged leaves and branches first, and then spray it with 10% cypermethrin 800- 1000 times. In addition, red spiders and aphids will also harm apricot trees and become the inducement of early defoliation of apricot trees. Therefore, attention should be paid to the management of apricot orchards at ordinary times, and a small number of pests should be prevented immediately to avoid incalculable losses caused by large-scale outbreaks.