Please list the celebrities or events that Hangzhou makes us proud!

Sun Quan (now Fuyang County, Hangzhou), a native of Fuchun, Wu Jun, was the founder of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. Twenty-two years in office, the situation of six counties in Jiangdong was relatively stable, and the people were able to recuperate. He attached importance to agriculture, set up agricultural officials, rewarded farming, built water conservancy projects, established counties in Shanyue area, and developed politics, economy and culture. He sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge to cross the sea to develop Taiwan Province Province and get through the links between the mainland and the island.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Quan's stepbrother Sun Ce had six counties in Jiangdong. In the fifth year (200 years) of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Cao Cao appointed Sun Quan as General Lakelu, who was the prefect of Huiji. He was stationed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and on this basis, he gradually recruited talents and developed his power. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Liu Bei and Cao Cao were defeated in Chibi. In the 19th year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei decided Shu, Sun Quan joined forces with the West and Cao Wei with the North, forming a situation of three-thirds of the world. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Sun Quan defeated Guan Yu, attacked Jingzhou people, served as a general in title of generals in ancient times, herded animals in Jingzhou and sealed Nanchang Hou. Cao Cao died in the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an, and Cao Pi became emperor himself. He sent messengers to appease Sun Quan and made him king of Wu. In the first year of Huang Wu (222), Liu Bei was defeated in the battle of Yiling in Wu Shu. In the first year of Huanglong (229), he proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang (now Hubei), with the title of Wu. Soon, he moved the capital to Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). In the future, we will fight with Shu and Wei. During his reign, he changed his country name four times, calling it Huanglong, Le Jia, Chiwu and Taiyuan. He died at the age of 7 1 and was named Wu Dadi.

Longmen Ancient Town, located 40 miles south of Fuyang County, is the place where descendants of Sun Quan live and multiply. Now there are more than 0/600 households in the whole town/kloc-,and the surname of Sun accounts for more than 90%. According to the genealogy of Sun Shi written by Dr. Kuang, the 19th Song Fengyi who moved to Longmen, by 1939, there will be 65 descendants of Sun Quan.

Bai Juyi (772-846)

Lotte, a Buddhist in Xiangshan in his later years, loved tea and once called himself "Tea Man". He was a native of Taiyuan (now Shanxi) and later moved to Xiaao (now northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). He was an outstanding realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poetry style is unpretentious and his works are widely circulated. In the second year of Changqing (822), he was appointed ambassador to Hangzhou. During his tenure, he developed and built the West Lake. This word recalls the life of that year and depicts the beautiful scenery of spring in Jiangnan.

Dreamed of the south bank

Bai Juyi (772-846)

Jiangnan is good,

The scenery used to be familiar.

At sunrise, the red flowers in the river win the fire.

This river is as green as blue in spring.

Don't remember Jiangnan?

Jiang Nanyi,

What impressed me most was Hangzhou.

Looking for laurel in the mountain temple in the middle of the month,

Watch the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion.

When will you revisit?

Bi sheng

Printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. Bi Sheng, a native of Hangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, pioneered movable type printing and made great contributions to human civilization.

Bi Sheng is an ordinary laborer, and there is no official record of his date of birth and death. In Meng Qian Bi Tan written by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty, it is mentioned: "There are words such as Bi Sheng in the cloth of Qing Dynasty (1041-1051), which are also" movable type ".

Bi Sheng was a famous printmaker in Hangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. It took him 89 years to create a set of clay movable type and invented movable type printing. Movable type is made of fine clay into small squares, each of which is carved with Yang Wen's backhand and then hardened by fire. Each character print is prepared according to the usage, with a maximum of more than 20 characters, in order to prepare the same character for repeated use on a printing plate. For the convenience of typesetting, Huo Yuyin put it in a wooden lattice according to the rhyme of the words. Then plate making: according to the sentence paragraphs of printed words, the words are printed on an iron plate filled with rosin, wax and paper ash as adhesives, surrounded by an iron frame, heated on a fire to melt the adhesive, and then flattened with a flat plate when the adhesive is slightly cold and still plastic. When the glue is completely cooled and solidified, it can be printed. Finally, the board is disassembled. After printing, the printing plate is baked on the fire and the adhesive is melted again. When the movable type is swept by hand, the movable type will fall off and can be reused for typesetting. On this basis, he also studied the typesetting of wooden movable type. There is also the exchange of two iron plates, one for printing and the other for typesetting, which greatly improves the printing efficiency. Movable type printing in Bi Sheng includes a complete process of making movable type, typesetting and disassembling. Its principle is basically the same as today's typography, and every production link contains scientific laws. (The picture on the right shows the tombstone of Bi Sheng)

Shen Kuo (1033 ——1097)

Shen Kuo, a native of Qiantang in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a versatile scholar in the history of China and a first-class scientist in 1 1 century.

When I was a teenager, I went to Runzhou, Quanzhou, Kaifeng, Jiangning and other places with my father Shen Zhou, which increased my knowledge beyond books and laid a good foundation for his future study.

Shen Kuo has been studious since he was a child. He is interested in astronomy, geography, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, water conservancy, military affairs, literature and music, and has made outstanding achievements. In Tokyo (Kaifeng), he served as the editor and director of Zhao Wen Museum, which gave him the opportunity to read a large number of rich royal books. In his later years, he put forward the idea of using the solar calendar, that is, the "twelve-qi calendar", which made him the first person in the world to propose the combination of the solar calendar and the lunar calendar. He made a scientific analysis of the shortcomings of the traditional calendar, saying that it was laborious and did not solve the problem that the traditional calendar used the leap month method to adjust the cycle of the sun and the moon. To this end, he advocated the adoption of the solar calendar, which divided a year into twelve months according to the twelve solar terms. 1930, Bernard Shaw, director of the British Met Office, put forward the same theory as Shen Kuo, but it was more than 900 years later than Shen Kuo.

1070 (Xining three years), Shen Kuo actively participated in Wang Anshi's political reform and became one of Wang Anshi's main assistants. He used to be "the power of the three divisions" (in charge of finance and economy) and "concurrently sentenced to the military supervision".

1090 (five years in Yuan You) Shen Kuo is 58 years old and lives in Meng Xi Park, Runzhou (now outside the east gate of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Meng Qian Bi Tan written by him is the crystallization of his lifelong study and practice. The book is divided into 30 volumes, including 609 stories, dialectics, music, images, personnel, government affairs, wisdom, literature and art, calligraphy and painting, skills, instruments, magic, strange things, fallacies, jokes, magazines, medical discussions, etc. 17. There are more than 200 items related to science and technology, such as the discussion of copper pot dripping, concave mirror's explanation, the discussion of transparent mirror, the production of three-dimensional terrain model, the experience of using compass, the discovery of geomagnetic declination and so on. With its extensive content and unique originality, this book is called "the coordinate in the history of science in China" by Joseph Needham, a British expert in the history of science and technology.

Shen Kuo lived in Hangzhou twice in his life, traveled to Zhejiang and worked in Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing). Once he 19 returned to his hometown with his father, who died of illness. He buried his father in Qianlong Curie, Qiantang, and did not leave until his father died at the age of 22. The second time, at the age of 36, she escorted her mother's coffin back to Hangzhou and was buried in a dragon's pony. I didn't return to Beijing until I was 39. At the age of forty-one, Shen Kuo was ordered to come to Zhejiang to control water conservancy and visit Zhejiang all over the country, and proposed to the court to build dams and weirs in Wenzhou, Taiwan Province and the east of Ming Dynasty to increase cultivated land. When he visited Yandang Mountain, he gave a scientific explanation for the formation of the strange peak of Yandang Mountain for the first time. Shen Kuo has a deep attachment to his hometown of Hangzhou. In Meng Xi's written talk, he carefully recorded people's deeds, scientific and technological achievements, policy gains and losses, and so on. Shen Kuo died in Meng Xi Park at the age of 65. On his deathbed, he told his descendants to bury his body in his hometown of Hangzhou. Shen Gong Jingxiang, near Hou Jing Street in downtown Hangzhou, is his former residence. The tomb is in Anxi Township, not far from Hangzhou.

Yue Fei (1103—1142)

Yue Fei devoted his life to resisting foreign enemies and defending the country and the emperor. His courage and wisdom won him many victories and honors. However, Yue Fei's military achievements and his popularity among the people caused the emperor's jealousy and anxiety. Later, this brave and patriotic general was finally killed by Zhao Gou and Qin Gui on trumped-up charges in the Fengbo Pavilion of Hangzhou Dali Temple.

Yue Fei was born in today's Henan Province on 1 103. It is said that when Yue Fei was born, a Dapeng flew over the roof of Yue's house. Yue Fei's father thought it was an auspicious sign, so he named him "Fei" and "Ju Peng", hoping that he would have a bright future thousands of miles away.

Yue Fei's father is a farmer. Before Yue Fei's full moon, the Yellow River flooded, causing a flood, and the Yue family's life was even poorer. Therefore, Yue Fei will start working in the fields from the age of eight or nine.

Although the life of Yue family is difficult, it can't affect Yue Fei's love for books. He worked hard in the fields during the day and studied hard until late at night. He has a special love for art books since he was a child.

When Yue Fei was eleven years old, his grandfather invited a famous martial arts master to teach him martial arts. Yue Fei also learned archery from another teacher. The archery master attached great importance to Yue Fei and gave him two beloved bows.

According to the tradition at that time, Yue Fei got married at the age of sixteen and gave birth to Yue Yun the next year. Yue Yun later grew up to be a brave general and fought with his father on the battlefield.

When Yue Yun was four years old, Yue Fei joined the army at the call of the government to resist the invading nomadic people. It is said that before he left home, his mother stabbed him in the back with a needle, which read "Serve the country faithfully".

In A.D. 1 122, Yue Fei joined the army and his father died. As a dutiful son, he went home to mourn according to tradition, and didn't return to the army until 1 124.

Under the invasion of nomads from the Northern Song Dynasty, the court was at a loss and the country was in chaos. 1 127, the emperor of the northern song dynasty, his father and his family were captured by the nomads and taken to the jinren capital in northern China.

Although the emperor was captured, the patriots in the Song Dynasty continued to fight against the enemy. Yue Fei joined these patriots and established the Southern Song Dynasty with Song Gaozong as the emperor.

In the following years, Yue Fei appeared as a valiant strategist and won many battles, driving the nomads from the land of Song State and forcing them to cross the river.

Yue Fei, who is loyal to serving the country, wants to pursue the victory, drive the nomads from the country back to their hometown, and save the former emperor and his family back to Beijing. However, his kindness was doubted by Emperor Gaozong.

It turned out that Emperor Gaozong was worried that he might lose his throne after his brother (former emperor) was rescued, so he refused Yue Fei's request to attack the state of Jin. But decided to make peace with Xu Jin, who repeatedly violated the peace treaty.

Yue Fei was widely loved by the people, which also caused the emperor's dissatisfaction. Therefore, in 1 142, Emperor Gaozong sentenced Yue Fei to death for attempted rebellion, and his son Yue Yun was also implicated and executed.

Yue Fei, a patriot with noble personality, died at the age of 39. Although he was born in a poor peasant family, he later became a national hero because he resisted the nomads from Shanxi and won many wars. He was separated from his family for most of his life because he thought it was his duty to defend the country and protect the emperor.

Fang La (? 1 12 1 year)

Leader of Zhejiang peasant uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty; Fang Shisan, also known as Fang Shisan, was a group of Far Eastern people from Qingxi (now Chun 'an, Hangzhou) and was born as an employee.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhejiang was plundered by "petrochemical gangs" and farmers were forced to survive. Fang La used Manichaeism's theory of "two sects" (light and darkness) and "San Ji" (past, present and future) to organize the masses and won the support of farmers. In the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), the autumn rebelled against the Northern Song Dynasty, taking the name of Yongle, and successively occupied Qingxi County, captured Zhou Mu, and divided troops to attack Hangzhou and Zhangzhou. Protestants from Lanxi and Wu Bangzhi, enemies of Shexian, Chen and Suzhou from Fangyanshan, and passers-by from Gui 'an, all responded in succession. Their numbers expanded to several hundred thousand, and they successively captured fifty-two counties in six states, such as Hangzhou, and the southeast shook. Fang La plans to cross the river to defend, make progress step by step, and overthrow the Song Dynasty within ten years.

Song Huizong sent Tong Guan to lead150,000 troops to suppress, and the insurgents lost the battle. In the summer of the third year of Xuanhe, Fang La led the remaining troops to retreat to Yuangang Cave and Zitong Cave in Qingxi, and was tipped off by traitors. Song Jun broke into the cave from the path, and Fang La was injured and captured. In the autumn of the same year, he died in Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan). The rest, led by Lu Shirang, moved to Wenzhou and Taizhou, and Xuanhe failed in summer and autumn for four years. In Chun 'an County, there is a statue of Fang La Cave and Fang La inscribed by Guo Mo. There are many legends about the Fang La Uprising in Hangzhou, and the remains of these legends still exist, such as Fang La's sister Baihua Fang and Baihua Fang's attack on the defenders of Hangzhou.

Su Dongpo

"The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy.

If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate. "

This poem by Su Shi makes the West Lake more vivid and famous.

Su Shi is another great poet who left an indelible influence on the history of Hangzhou literature development after Bai Juyi. Like Bai Juyi, he didn't know about the West Lake until he was a local governor in Hangzhou. There are many similarities in their origins, experiences, thoughts and creations, just as Su Shi himself said: "The origin is vaguely like lotte, and we dare to cherish our predecessors." Su Shi came to Hangzhou twice in Xining four years and Yuan You four years. He is the first judge (deputy magistrate) and the second magistrate with a term of five years. In addition to doing a lot of good things for the people of Kangzhou, he also has a special liking for the landscape of Hangzhou. There are no such good lakes and mountains in his hometown. With romantic poetry, the West Lake is somewhat beautiful and brilliant. This is both a poet. He is also a painter's master of art, and his observation is particularly keen. His poem "Look at the lake at first, drink all the spring rain" makes the West Lake vivid and becomes a swan song describing the scenery of the West Lake for thousands of years. Some of his other short poems describing the scenery of the West Lake, such as "Drunk Book at Wanghu Building on June 27th" and "Rainstorm in Youmeitang", have also written some ordinary things in daily life incisively and vividly, which is memorable to read, such as "The thundering of tourists' feet makes them unable to get rid of floating clouds" and "Real gold, and a thousand sticks beat his drum to urge him to break free". Bai Juyi's description of the West Lake is a flat introduction and description, while Su Shi's description.

Yu Qian (1 3 9 8- 1 4 5 7)

"If you hit the mountains with a thousand hammers, the fire will burn casually, and you will not be afraid of breaking into pieces. You must stay on earth." This poem is a self-portrait of Yu Qian, a national hero in Ming Dynasty.

Yu Qian, whose real name is Listening Art, was born in Li Taiping, Qiantang County, Zhejiang Province (now near Qingchunmen, Hangzhou), and later moved to Citang Lane.

In the tenth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 12), Yu Qian was fifteen years old and was admitted as a student (scholar) in Qiantang County. In the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420), he took part in the "rural examination" in Hangzhou and got the sixth place. The following year, he was appointed as Shanxi Taoist supervisor. In the second year of Xuande (1427), Yu Qian was ordered to patrol Jiangxi and rehabilitate hundreds of unjust prisons. After more than ten years, he also visited Shanxi and Henan as a right assistant minister of the Ministry of War and an imperial envoy of the capital, and went deep into the people to punish corrupt officials and severely punish special greedy and violent elements. Build water conservancy, improve farming, create "liquidation" and "warehouse" to store food for disaster relief in famine years; Run a "Huimin pharmacy" to treat the people. People love Yu Qian and call him "Yu Qingtian".

Yu Qian is an honest official, does not give gifts to dignitaries, and does not pull relationships. Go to Beijing to play without anything. Someone told him that even if he didn't bring gold and silver, he should bring some local products to give him some benefits. Yu Qian smiled and raised his sleeves and said, "There is a breeze!" In July of the 14th year of the Ming Dynasty, the minister of Waci also divided his forces into four ways and launched a massive attack. Yingzong led the army to war, and Yu Qian stayed in Beijing as an agent of the Ministry of War to assist Zhu Qiyu (Yingzong's younger brother). /kloc-In August of 0/5, the British army was defeated by the earthen bag (now Huailai County, Hebei Province), and 500,000 troops were wiped out. The news that the British army was captured shocked the whole country. The queen mother appointed the king as Emperor Jingdi and Yu Qian as the minister of the Ministry of War to command the whole army. In view of Waci's attempt to use Yingzong as a threat, Yu Qian put forward the slogan of "the country is more important than the monarch" to defend the capital and fight against foreign enemies.

After the defeat of Waci, Yingzong was sent back in August of the first year of Jingtai (1450). Jingtai eight years, Jingdi can't afford to get sick. Yingzong took the opportunity of restoration and changed its name to Tianshun. On the 23rd day of the first month, on the sixth day after the restoration of the British Emperor, Yu Qian was falsely designated as "desire".