China's common sense of history is Chinese and English.

Common sense of China history 1. The oldest known hominid living in China is Yuanmou ape-man.

An ancient human tooth fossil found in Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province, China, was scientifically identified about 6.5438+0.7 million years ago. About 700,000-200,000 years ago, "Beijingers" (hereinafter referred to as "Beijingers") lived in the Gulong Cave in Zhoukoudian, Beijing.

People in Beijing already know how to use natural fire. For the first time, mankind has gained the ability to dominate the forces of nature.

4. About 18000 years ago, a group of ancient humans called "Ding Dong people" still lived in Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. They already have obvious physical characteristics of the yellow race.

Neanderthals not only made artificial fires, but also made the first bone needle in the history of sewing technology in China. The spicule is about as thick as a matchstick and 82 mm long. 6. Six or seven thousand years ago, ancient painted pottery culture and black pottery culture appeared in China.

7. The painted pottery of Anbanpo culture in Xi 'an, Shaanxi is very beautiful. The decorative patterns on the surface net basin are the crystallization of original art, original words and original art.

8. The black pottery of Longshan culture in Shandong is black and bright, with the same luster as metal utensils. 9. Hemudu culture in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Basin is as old as Banpo culture in the Yellow River Basin. 7000 years ago, people there built houses with large wooden components.

About 4000 years ago, there were some tribal wars. The Yellow Emperor was the leader of one of the tribes, because he was popular, smart and brave, and won the final victory.

1 1. In the process of the gradual formation of the ancient Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor played an important role. The Yellow Emperor was revered by later generations as the "humanistic ancestor" of the Chinese nation (the predecessor of the Chinese nation). 12 After the Yellow Emperor, several outstanding figures appeared in the Chinese nation: Yao, Shun and Yu.

Yaochan is located in Shun, and Shunchan is located in Yu. 13 years, Yao Shunyu era, flooding.

Dayu was ordered to control water and finally conquered the flood. 14. Later, Yu's son Qi succeeded to the throne and established the first slavery dynasty Xia Dynasty (about BC17th century BC, 22nd century BC).

15. According to legend, there was a calendar in the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago, so people called the ancient traditional calendar in China Li Xia. 16, the summer calendar is based on the cycle of the moon, also called the lunar calendar.

Because there are solar terms changes and farming arrangements in the calendar, it is also called the lunar calendar. 17, the last ruler of Xia Dynasty was unruly and tyrannical.

Under the leadership of the Tang Dynasty, the Shang tribes in the East became powerful and defeated the Shang Dynasty established in the Xia Dynasty (about 65438 BC+early 7th century-BC 1 1 century). 18, the great development of bronze ware manufacturing industry in Shang Dynasty.

The Simuwu Dafang Ding made in the late Shang Dynasty, weighing 875 kilograms, is by far the largest unearthed bronze ware in the world. 19, Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is an ancient writing carved on tortoise shell and beast bones, which is quite mature.

Among the 6.5438+0.5 million pieces of Oracle bones unearthed in Yin Ruins, the total number of words reached 6.5438+0.6 million, including 4,600 words, and 6.5438+0.6 million words have been recognized. 20. At the end of Shang Dynasty, there was a tribe named Zhou on the Loess Plateau.

When he arrived in Zhou Wenwang, Zhou became the new leader of the governors in the western regions. Zhou Wang, the last ruler of Shang Dynasty, was an alcoholic.

Now, Zhou and other tribes joined forces to crusade against the Shang Dynasty. After the Battle of Makino, the Shang Dynasty was overthrown and the Zhou Dynasty was established (about 65438 BC+065438 BC+256 BC). 22. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, 7 1 small countries including Lu, Qi, Wei, Jin, Song and Yan were enfeoffed.

The monarchs of these small countries are called princes. 23. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, there were many large-scale music and dances in the Central Plains, which lasted 180 years.

When offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, Daxia dance is used to show Dayu's water control, and Dawu dance is used to commemorate the achievements of King Wu. 24. In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved its capital to the East, which was called the "Eastern Zhou Dynasty" in history.

It is divided into two periods: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. 25. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were more than 100 vassal states competing with each other, and the winner was king, resulting in the "Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period", commonly known as Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Song Xianggong and Chu Zhuangwang.

26. In 606 BC, Chu Zhuangwang "won the titles of big and small". Ding is a symbol of kingship. It is said that Dayu cast Jiuding, representing Kyushu.

Chu Zhuangwang won the championship, which shows that he has the ambition to become the son of heaven. 27. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue was hostile to each other.

First, the prince of Wu died of injury. His son, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, is determined to take revenge and reminds him loudly every day: "Fu Cha, have you forgotten the revenge of killing your father?" Later, Wu defeated Yue under the leadership of Fu Cha.

28. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was determined to take revenge. He asks himself loudly every day: "Gou Jian, have you forgotten the shame of national subjugation?" After ten years of reunion, the State of Yue defeated the State of Wu, and Fu Cha, the king of Wu, committed suicide.

About 2,500 years ago, China produced a great thinker-Laozi. Laozi is the founder of Taoist school.

30. The Tao Te Ching, also known as Laozi, wrote that misfortune sometimes becomes the cause of happiness, and sometimes misfortune is hidden in happiness. Therefore, we should pay attention to "extremes meet", as well as "Tao" and "virtue"

3 1, living in 55 BC1-Confucius was a great thinker and educator in the first 479 years and the founder of Confucianism. 32. Confucius first established private schools in China. He has 3000 disciples and 72 saints.

33. Confucius made immortal contributions to the development of ancient culture in China. He compiled and edited six classics, such as Yi, Shi, Li, Yue, Lao Zi Sun Wu Tu, Shangshu and Chunqiu. Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried in the north of the capital of Lu (now Kong Lin in Qufu, Shandong).

The former residence of Confucius was later converted into a "Confucius Temple". 35. Confucius' students recalled Confucius' daily teachings and life behaviors, and compiled a recorded book called The Analects, which became a Confucian classic and had a great influence on later generations.

36. Sun Wu was an outstanding strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. There are 13 famous art books handed down from ancient times.

Sun Tzu's art of war put forward many famous principles of war, such as "know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle", "take the enemy by surprise" and "the enemy is unpredictable, and the water is unpredictable". 38. The fundamental purpose of Sun Tzu's Art of War is that the purpose of mastering war is to "defeat the enemy without fighting".

Sun Tzu's Art of War is therefore called the "Holy Book of Military Science".

2. The history of China must be briefly introduced in Chinese and English.

China: About 6000-7000 years ago, many scattered civilizations appeared in China, which can be said to be the dawn of Chinese civilization.

About 5000-4000 years ago, the earliest state system was gradually born, and after experiencing national integration and war with foreign nationalities, it gradually formed a unified big country.

During the pre-Qin hundred schools of thought period, China culture was theorized. In the Han Dynasty, the general development direction of China culture-Confucian culture was established after "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". In the great ethnic integration after the Han Dynasty, the culture of the Han nationality also absorbed the cultures of many ethnic minorities, making China's culture more diversified.

The invention of the imperial examination system is the reason why China's humble family finally entered the power center, and it is also an important reason why China was far ahead of the world in ancient times. China has always been a centralized system, and most of the power is concentrated in the hands of one person or several people. This is conducive to the reunification of the country, but on the other hand, it also seriously restricted the democratic development of China, making modern China far behind the world. Today, China is catching up with the developed countries at an unprecedented speed.

England: In 829, King Egbert of Wessex unified England. It was invaded by the Danes at the end of the 8th century, and from 10 16 to 1042, it was a part of the Danish pirate empire. The Duke of Normandy crossed the sea to conquer England in 1066 after the short-term rule of the English king. 12 15, King John was forced to sign Da * * *, and the kingship was suppressed. From 1338 to 1453, Britain and France fought a "hundred-year war", and Britain won first and then lost. 1536 Wales was incorporated into England. 1588 defeated the Spanish "Armada" and established maritime hegemony. 1640, Britain was the first bourgeois revolution in the world and became the pioneer of bourgeois revolution. 1May 649 19, the Republic of China was proclaimed. 1660 restored the dynasty, 1688 witnessed a "glorious revolution" and established a constitutional monarchy. England 1707 merged with Scotland, 180 1 merged with Ireland. /kloc-from the second half of the 8th century to the first half of the 9th century, it became the first country in the world to complete the industrial revolution. /kloc-the 0/9th century was the heyday of the British Empire. 19 14 years, the occupied colony was11times larger than the mainland, and it was the first colonial power, claiming to be "imperial". It began to decline after the First World War. Britain established Northern Ireland in 1920, and allowed South Ireland to break away from the rule of 192 1 922 and establish an independent country. 193 1 year promulgated the Westminster act, which forced the autonomous territories to be independent in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the colonial system of the British empire was shaken. During World War II, Britain's economic strength was greatly weakened and its political status declined. With the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, the British colonial system collapsed in the 1960s. 1973 65438+ Britain joined Europe in October. Historically, England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland are four countries. Later, England and Wales merged by marriage. Later, Elizabeth I, the last king of Tudor dynasty, passed it on to her nephew James, king of Scotland, and Scotland and England merged. Charles, the son of James, was overthrown by Cromwell's revolutionary army. During Cromwell's reign, Ireland was conquered by force. 1923, the British Parliament decided to split Ireland in two. Twenty-three counties in the south became independent countries of Ireland, and four counties in the north remained in Britain as Northern Ireland. Great Britain is an island, which consists of England, Scotland and Wales. The so-called UK is the abbreviation of United Kingdom, which means the United Kingdom.

Monarchy

The monarchy is the oldest system in the world today. Queen Elizabeth II has been the head of the United Kingdom since she ascended the throne in 1952. She is also a direct descendant of King egbert. During his reign, King egbert unified England in 829 AD. Before the birth of the parliamentary system, the monarchy had existed in Britain for hundreds of years, and it was interrupted only once, from 1649 to 1660, when Britain adopted the * * * system and implemented a republic. For centuries, the absolute power of the monarch has been eroded and weakened. However, as the constitutional head of state, the monarch still retains important symbolic significance.

the Industrial Revolution

Industrial revolution, also known as industrial revolution, refers to the early course of capitalist industrialization, that is, capitalist production has completed the transition from workshop handicraft industry to machine industry. It is manual labor that is gradually replaced by machine production, manual production of individual workshops is replaced by large-scale factory production, and then it is extended to the production of other industries and the scientific and technological revolution. Some people think that the industrial revolution started around 1750, but it didn't really flourish until 1830. Most people think that the industrial revolution originated in central England. 1765, the appearance of Jenny spinning machine marked the outbreak of the industrial revolution in Britain and even the world. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, after the Englishman Watt improved the steam engine, a series of technological revolutions caused a great leap from manual labor to power machine production. Then it spread to England and the whole European continent, to North America in the19th century, and later, the industrial revolution spread to all countries in the world.

It seems that there are a lot of words,,, I hope it will help you ~ ~ ~ finishing,

3. Introduce the history and culture of China in English (with Chinese translation).

China people attach great importance to the behavior of "tasting" when drinking tea. "Tea tasting" is not only a way to distinguish good tea from ordinary tea, but also how people have fun in their fantasies and drinking tea itself. Taking some time out of the busy schedule, making a pot of strong tea, finding a quiet place and serving your own tea can help eliminate fatigue and depression, improve your thinking ability and stimulate your enthusiasm. You can also drink it slowly and taste the subtle charm of drinking tea until your spirit soars to a lofty aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, decorations and tea sets are the elements that constitute the atmosphere of tea tasting. A quiet, fresh, comfortable and tidy place is certainly an ideal place for drinking tea. The gardens in China are world-famous, and the beautiful scenery in China is endless. The teahouse is hidden in the garden and nestled next to the natural beauty of the mountains and rivers, which is a charming place for people to rest and entertain. China is an ancient civilization and a state of etiquette. It is necessary to make and serve tea for guests whenever they visit. Before serving tea, you can ask them what kind of tea they like, and then serve them tea with the most suitable cup. In the process of pouring tea, the host should pay close attention to how much water is left in the cup and pot. Usually, if you use a teacup to make tea, you should add boiling water after drinking half of the cup; Therefore, the cup is kept full, so that the tea keeps the same fragrance and keeps warm and pleasant during the whole tea drinking process. In afternoon tea, CKS, candy and other dishes can be provided to supplement the nutrition of tea and alleviate hunger. People in China pay attention to the word "quality" when drinking tea.

"Tea tasting" is not only to identify the advantages and disadvantages of tea, but also to daydream and appreciate the taste of tea. Making a pot of strong tea in your busy schedule, choosing a quiet place and taking a sip by yourself can relieve fatigue, relieve boredom, refresh yourself, sip slowly, enjoy beauty and sublimate the spiritual world to a noble artistic realm.

The environment for tea tasting is generally composed of buildings, gardens, furnishings, tea sets and other factors. Drinking tea requires quietness, freshness, comfort and cleanliness.

China's gardens are world-famous, and the scenery is even more numerous. Use gardens or natural mountains and rivers to set up tea rooms, so that people can rest and be full of interest.

China is an ancient civilization and a country of etiquette, which attaches great importance to etiquette. When the guests come, the etiquette of making tea and offering tea is essential.

When guests visit, you can ask for advice and choose the best tea and tea set that suits the guests' taste. When drinking tea with guests, the host should pay attention to the tea residue in the guest's cup and pot. Generally speaking, tea is brewed in a teacup. If you have already drunk half of it, you should add boiling water to make the concentration of tea basically the same and the water temperature appropriate.

When drinking tea, it can also be properly accompanied by tea, candy, dishes and so on. To achieve the effect of regulating taste and snacks.

Kneel down and beg

The modern history of China began in 1840, and the symbolic case was the Opium War. In 1842, China and Britain reached a humiliating treaty of nanking, and the whole modern history of China began with humiliation. We should clearly see that in the whole war, due to the existing gap between our country's productivity level and western modern civilization, and the subsequent losses of the whole war. In fact, this is considered far-fetched by future generations. It was a time when China's contact with the international community lagged behind (in the 9th century/KLOC-A.D.), although many scholars mentioned before learning from the West and how to learn from it. For example, Wei Zhidong and. However, the basic system improved on the basis of no touch is weak. Therefore, Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911 were all revolutions without touching the relations of production (except Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion), so there can be no fundamental changes. Since the May 4th Movement, the modern history of China has entered the period of new-democratic revolution since the working class, the most advanced class since the 20th century, stepped onto the historical stage. He represents the advanced productive forces, so he represents the development direction of the whole era on the basis. China revolution has entered a new stage of revolution. China's advanced communist party represents the broadest class interests, so it won the final victory in the struggle to seize state power later. However, we should clearly see that in the early decades of the founding of the People's Republic of China, I did not contact and communicate with the outside world in time, and lost an opportunity to connect with the international community. However, the advanced the Communist Party of China (CPC) people actively expanded their thinking about the situation, which made the country's productivity level develop rapidly in the last twenty years of the 20th century, and has continued to this day. Since the reform and opening up, the party's policies have been adjusted in time to adapt to the changes of the times. Have our glory today! Generally speaking, it is our productivity level that has adapted to the advanced production relations in time, and it is today's present! ! ! ! ! I'm a hit, see if you can give me extra points! ! ! ! ! Hehe.

The modern history of China began at 1840, and its symbolic event was the Opium War. 1842, China and Britain reached a humiliating treaty of nanking in Nanking, and the humiliation of China's modern history began at this time.

We should be soberly aware that in the whole war, because of the huge gap between China's productivity level and western modern civilization, the whole war was defeated and won. In fact, this is a far-fetched statement by later generations.

At that time (/kloc-the middle and late 9th century), China's contact with the international community was greatly lagging behind, although many scholars had mentioned how to learn from the West. For example, Wei Yuan and Zhang Zhidong at that time.

However, improvement on the basis of not touching the fundamental system is powerless. This is why Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911 are all revolutions that do not touch the relations of production (except Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China), so there can be no fundamental changes.

Since the May 4th Movement, with the most advanced class in the 20th century, the working class, stepping onto the historical stage, China's modern history has entered the period of new-democratic revolution. He represents this advanced productive force, so he represents the development direction of the whole era on the basis.

The China Revolution has entered a brand-new revolutionary stage. The advanced China * * * represents the interests of the broadest class, so it finally won the struggle to seize the national political power in the future.

However, we should clearly see that in the first few decades after the founding of the People's Republic of China, I failed to contact and communicate with the outside world in time and lost an opportunity to develop together with the international community. However, the advanced people in China actively expanded their thinking and realized that the development of the current situation made China's productivity level develop rapidly in the last two decades of the 20th century, and it continues to this day.

Since the reform and opening up, the party's policies have been adjusted in time to adapt to the changes of the times. Only then can we be brilliant today! Generally speaking, it is China's productivity level that has adapted to the advanced relations of production in time, which has led to today's prosperity! I type all the words myself. Do you think you can give me extra points? Ha ha.

5. Introduce China (in Chinese and English)

Ladies and gentlemen, I come from China. I'm from China. I am proud of my country, and I am proud that I am from China. Great changes have taken place in China in the past twenty years. China has become a member of the world family. China is changing every day. China people are embracing change. China people are now facing many challenges. We are eager to learn from the world. I am here today to learn from you. I believe we can learn a lot from each other. Thank you very much for your attention. Thank you very much for giving me the opportunity to talk to you tonight. Shanghai municipality. , US Eastern Time 1999. : City, 8,937,175; Eastern time in 2000. : municipality directly under the central government,16.74 million), central and eastern regions. The municipality is located in the East China Sea of China, bordering Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province, with an area of 2,400 square miles (6,200 square kilometers). The city is located on the Huangpu River, which allows ocean-going ships to enter. Shanghai was settled in A.D. 1000. Later, during the Ming Dynasty, it was an area with intensive cotton production. After being defeated by Britain in the Opium War (1842), this situation changed when it became the first China port to open trade with the West. It dominates the commerce of this country. The place where the Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded in 192 1 experienced fierce fighting in the Sino-Japanese War of1937–45 and was occupied by Japan in World War II. Since the victory of 1949 in Munich, it has been a major industrial and commercial center in China and one of the major higher education and scientific research centers in China. Ladies and gentlemen, I come from China.

I come from China, I am proud of my country, and I am also proud of coming from China. Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.

China has become a member of the international community. China is changing every day.

China is facing many difficulties now, and we really want to study abroad. Today I am here to learn from you, and I believe I will learn a lot from my classmates.

Thank you very much for your concern and giving me this opportunity to speak English together. China, Shanghai and the central and eastern municipalities of China.

It borders the East China Sea and borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Located on the Huangpu River, ocean-going ships can get close to the city.

It was settled from about 1000, and later became a dense cotton producing area in the Ming Dynasty. 1842 After China was defeated by Britain in the Opium War, Shanghai became the first port in China to open trade with the West. The situation that was originally a cotton-producing area began to change and began to dominate the national commerce.

192 1 year China was established here; During the Sino-Japanese War (1937~ 1945), fierce fighting broke out in Shanghai. During World War II, Japan occupied this place. Since the victory of * * * 1949, it has become a leading industrial and commercial center in China and a leading place for higher education and scientific research.

6. Read the following materials, get in touch with the knowledge of China's ancient history, and learn about China and Britain in the same historical period.

Kangxi lived in the18th century, the period of formal enlightenment in Europe, and it was during this period that the gap between the East and the West gradually widened.

As can be seen from Kangxi's words, China is still a typical feudal monarchy. One person is in charge. It restricts the reform and transformation of national politics and gradually lags behind the advanced western social system.

But during this period, the earliest bourgeois revolution in Europe, the Dutch Revolution, has passed 100 years, and the bourgeois and natural human rights thought has gradually taken root in people's hearts under the propaganda of enlightenment thinkers. The United States slowly established a democratic federation, France captured the Bastille, the Great Revolution was in full swing, Britain completed a glorious revolution, the parliament moved to the front desk, and the monarch faded out. The development of science gave birth to the seeds of the industrial revolution.

7. An overview of China's modern history.

Open a library member at a minimum of 0.27 yuan, and check the full content > Original publisher: Jia Nannan 1 130 Environmental Engineering of China Modern History Learning and Experience Forestry College (rural environmental management)12-/name: Jia Nannan Student ID:1202/kloc-.

The modern history of China is a history of people's struggle, which tells us that the Chinese nation is a nation that strives for self-improvement and is not afraid of * * *, and the people of China have the indomitable spirit. The modern history of China is a history of national exploration. Because of their class limitations, the landlord class, the peasant class and the bourgeoisie cannot put forward a scientific revolutionary program and change the nature of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Only * * * can save China, and only socialism can save China.

It is a good choice to study the modern history of China seriously, so that I can understand the history and cherish the hard-won happy life now. The modern revolution in China was from 1840 to 1949.

Since 1840, the first unequal treaty signed during the Opium War, treaty of nanking, China has embarked on the road of semi-colonial and semi-feudal socialism. Since then, the people of China have been oppressed, and their lives are no longer so comfortable and peaceful.

By the May 4th Movement 19 19, the people of China United and entered the new democratic stage from the old democratic revolution stage. This change is not only a name change, but also the joint efforts of thousands of farmers, workers and intellectuals in Qian Qian.

The whole modern history is a history of China becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, a history of deep humiliation, an indomitable struggle and an exploration history of enriching the people and strengthening the country. As the younger generation, we should "make the past serve the present", study history and remind ourselves.

At the same time, we should "take history as a mirror", correct our own thoughts, learn from the wisdom and philosophy of our predecessors, make full preparations for our own life, and find a suitable way forward.