What does the ancient clip mean?

What is the name of the clip used by the ancient queen to tie her hair?

The ancient queen's hair was called hairpin.

Ancient women didn't have small clips or small rubber bands. How did they get their hair?

It is tied with a piece of cloth.

Ancient timing tools

For example, the ancient hourglass was made of sand from one end to the other.

In ancient China, people invented many time-keeping methods or tools.

Guiyu is a simple and important astronomical instrument, which consists of a vertical watch (usually eight feet high) and a horizontal Guiyu. It uses direct facts to measure the length of the sun shadow. The main function is to determine the location of the winter solstice, and then determine the length of the tropical year. In addition, we can also determine the direction and solar terms by observing the changes of surface shadows.

The sundial (pronounced gu), also known as "sundial", is another kind of timing instrument in ancient China. It usually consists of a copper pointer and a stone disk. The pointer made of copper is called "needle" and the disk made of stone is called "face". When in use, you can distinguish different times by observing the shadow position cast on the disk surface. The sundial can be timed accurately to the minute (15 minutes).

The dripping of copper pot is also called "leaky carving" or "leaky pot". That is, the water level of the copper pot is changed by the running water at the bottom of the pot or a water holding tool with a small hole near the bottom of the pot to calculate the time. The copper pot drip invented by China is much earlier than the drip timer made in foreign countries, and it is also widely used, which has become an important tool for timing in past dynasties.

In addition to the above-mentioned timing methods, people in ancient China also used "hourglass timing", "fire timing" and "candle timing" to time.

In ancient China, people invented many time-keeping methods or tools.

Guiyu is a simple and important astronomical instrument, which consists of a vertical watch (usually eight feet high) and a horizontal Guiyu. It uses direct facts to measure the length of the sun shadow. The main function is to determine the location of the winter solstice, and then determine the length of the tropical year. In addition, we can also determine the direction and solar terms by observing the changes of surface shadows.

The sundial (pronounced gu), also known as "sundial", is another kind of timing instrument in ancient China. It usually consists of a copper pointer and a stone disk. The pointer made of copper is called "needle" and the disk made of stone is called "face". When in use, you can distinguish different times by observing the shadow position cast on the disk surface. The sundial can be timed accurately to the minute (15 minutes).

The dripping of copper pot is also called "leaky carving" or "leaky pot". That is, the water level of the copper pot is changed by the running water at the bottom of the pot or a water holding tool with a small hole near the bottom of the pot to calculate the time. The copper pot drip invented by China is much earlier than the drip timer made in foreign countries, and it is also widely used, which has become an important tool for timing in past dynasties.

In addition to the above-mentioned timing methods, people in ancient China also used "hourglass timing", "fire timing" and "candle timing" to time.

Clock is a timing tool, which generally has two meanings in modern Chinese. One is the general name of all kinds of clocks and watches, and the other is a large watch, especially a mechanical structure with a pendulum.

classify

Clock technology is an important development stage of timing technology and one of the technical sources of modern mechanical technology and computer technology.

pendulum clock

It was originally designed by craftsmen. Its working principle is the principle of constant velocity motion.

Mechanical clocks and watches

The power system of mechanical clock is clockwork, and the timing unit is hour, minute and second. Use 12 decimal system and 60 decimal system respectively.

The water clock was invented by Galileo, the pendulum clock by Huygens and the alarm clock by Tang Ruowang.

The sundial in the history of clock development is the earliest instrument of "standard time", which consists of dial and hands. Dial is a dial with scale, with the pointer in the center and the shadow of the pointer moving on the dial with the movement of the sun. At that time, rich people also had such clocks at home.

Egypt was the first exporter of leaky kettle clocks. It consists of two cylinders stacked on top of each other. Water drips from the upper cylinder through a small hole into the lower cylinder. The water drops have run out, and a certain time has passed. The larger colander can be filled with water for six hours at a time, and then filled with water.

Watchmakers of the Pharaoh dynasty in ancient Egypt even made clocks with hands and percussion devices. Every hour, a certain number of balls roll on the metal cover, making a loud sound. The Romans were the main buyers of Egyptian clepsydra clocks. In the early hours of the morning, the timekeeper rang the time loudly, and then every household filled the leaking pot clock with water.

The Roman poet Platus was very dissatisfied with this timing method. He wrote, "May God kill the man who invented the clock … because the clock tore my whole day to pieces. In the past, my stomach was my clock, which was the best and most accurate of all clocks. "

It is said that Constantine the Great once had a great clock, which is extremely unusual even today. ......

What's the name of the thing that knocks on the ancient wooden door?

Shop head, commonly known as "knocker". Accurately speaking, the paving is only the base of the knocker, and the paving ring is the complete knocker. Just as door clips are used to fix doors, door nails are used to fix door panels, and door knockers are used to open and close doors and knock on doors. They are practical objects. The ancient ruling class had a very clear hierarchical system for the knockers of folk houses. "Ming History" records: "The main entrance of the four cities of Prince Mi is painted with gold nails and copper rings; Green oil copper ring at the entrance of Gongwangfu; Gold lacquer animal face tin ring for the back door of Guanbai No.1 Middle Palace; One or two products official door green oil animal face tin ring; Black oil tin ring of three to five official doors; There are black oil iron rings on the official doors of grades six to nine ... "No wonder the old doors of many luxury houses in Shanxi are painted black or not, and the knockers are all iron.

The ancient ruling class had a very clear hierarchical system for the knockers of folk houses. "Ming History" records: "The main entrance of the four cities of Prince Mi is painted with gold nails and copper rings; Green oil copper ring at the entrance of Gongwangfu; Gold lacquer animal face tin ring for the back door of Guanbai No.1 Middle Palace; One or two products official door green oil animal face tin ring; Black oil tin ring of three to five official doors; There are black oil iron rings on the official doors of grades six to nine ... "No wonder the old doors of many luxury houses in Shanxi are painted black or not, and the knockers are all iron. However, ordinary people still express their inner wishes in their own way and create many meaningful and exquisite door decorations and knocker patterns.

In the past, whether it was a palace, a mansion or a small courtyard of ordinary people, there was generally a courtyard door. On both sides of the central crack of the two street-facing doors, there is an object similar to a doorknob, which may be a knocker or a diamond-shaped door pendant. The base fixed on the door with a knocker or a pendant is called a shop head, also called a store. Paving head and knocker are indispensable and important parts on the gate.

According to historical records and archaeological evidence, at the latest in the Han Dynasty, our country has already used bedclothes, which has a history of more than 2,000 years. The shapes of paving heads are varied, from very simple shapes to extremely complex and lifelike fierce and strange animal heads. The small diameter is only a few centimeters, and the large diameter is dozens of centimeters. They can not only be used as doorknobs and knockers, but also play a practical role in decorating and beautifying the facade of the gate.

On the doors of our common houses in Beijing Hutong, most of them hang a pair of hexagonal copper cymbals with a diameter of more than ten centimeters, which are hung upside down on the doors, that is, there is a circular dome in the center and hexagonal flat cymbals on all sides, which are fixed on the doors. There is a small hole in the center of the dome top, and a clip passes through the gate. The inside of the door is turned up in two directions to fix the clip on the door, and the outside of the door is bent into a circle. When a guest visits, stand in front of the door and tap the knocker or door pendant with your hand. When the knocker or pendant touches the top of the store, it will make a crisp sound. As soon as the host heard it, he knew that a guest was coming, went to the door and opened the door to welcome the guests.

The paving head is made of iron, bronze, brass, etc. According to the identity, grade and requirements of customers, craftsmen create various paving heads. In feudal times, the use of paving heads was strictly regulated by grades. You can't play whatever style you want. If you go beyond the system, you will be in trouble. The shop heads of ordinary people are mostly made of wrought iron, mostly round and hexagonal, with flowers, plants and cirrus lace patterns on the edges, and with round knockers or diamond-shaped, arrow-shaped and leaf-shaped door pendants, which are both beautiful and durable. The heads of princes, princes, dignitaries and rich gentry are also different, but they are much larger and more imposing. The paving on the gate of the Forbidden City has reached its peak in size, material, technology and production. The practical value of the paving head has taken a back seat, mainly to show the momentum of the royal monarch. Not to mention the largest size, the shop head is copper and gold plated, dazzling and round in shape. The raised part of the dome is carved with the heads of lions, tigers, stingers, turtles, snakes and other beasts and poisonous insects, glaring and laughing, guarding the gate of the Imperial Palace. Ingenious craftsmanship, craftsmen use the fangs and tongues of the heads of beasts and poisonous insects such as lions, tigers, stingers, turtles and snakes to grasp the knocker, which plays the role of connecting and contacting the knocker. The shape is realistic and lifelike. The lower part of the knocker is made flat, and a semicircular knocker is placed on it. The flat part of the knocker, flying dragons, is very beautiful and awe-inspiring, showing the royal style and uniqueness.

There are also special-shaped paving in the royal garden. 1860, the British and French allied forces set fire to Yuanmingyuan, leaving a bronze shop head on the door of Tao Jia Bookstore, the only exquisite temple in Changchun Garden. The shape is an animal crouching on the door, with two big ears standing upright, a long tongue sticking out and a hexagonal carved knocker bigger than itself. by contrast ......

What is a humanoid iron coffin? This is an ancient instrument of torture.

Tienvjia

"This is a humanoid iron frame with two sides connected by chains. The prisoner is tied in the middle and then folded on both sides. Many prominent spikes on the iron frame will pierce the victim's body. The sharp front end of the nail slowly penetrates into the body, first the wrist, then the feet and other parts, and then the eyes, shoulders and buttocks. The process of torture is very painful, but it will not kill the victim immediately. During this period, they kept crying miserably, sometimes wailing for days before they died.

Put the prisoner in the hole in the iron virgin, then close the door, and the prisoner will be pierced by the nail on the door. The nail length of the existing iron lady varies greatly, from those with little living space to those with only minor injuries as long as they don't move. I think it is necessary to adjust the iron virgin according to the height and thinness of prisoners, but no such adjustment device has been found, and there are not many records of iron virgins executing prisoners of different sizes. Therefore, some people think that the iron virgin can be used not only for execution, but also for torture and even just to scare people. If the iron virgin is really used to kill people, the cause of death should be shock caused by excessive blood loss.

Hope to adopt!

What are the ancient timing tools?

1. The sundial consists of a dial. The pointer is inserted in the center of the disk, and the dial is engraved with a scale indicating time. The needle shadow of the sun is projected on the cross line, which can indicate the time.

2. In rainy days and at night, it is engraved. Leaky carving, also known as leaky pot, includes a copper pot with a small hole under it and an arrow with scale engraved on it. Water flows at a constant speed, and the time can be determined by observing the change of water level through scale.

3. Monks and their entourage in the Tang Dynasty invented the earliest automatic alarm clock, which used water leakage to stimulate the wheels, turning once a day and night, mostly at 29 revolutions a month and 365 revolutions a year. At the same time, there are two Woodenhead, one drum at a time and one hour (equivalent to two hours).

4. In Yuan Dynasty, Guo Shoujing also invented mechanical clocks with different sounds.

5. People use more time-keeping methods such as burning incense and lighting candles.