How to make ancient paper?

The steps of ancient papermaking are as follows:

Step one: collecting raw materials; The most basic raw material for papermaking is wood. Wood usually comes from trees, including all kinds of trees. In the paper industry, commonly used wood includes pine, willow and birch. These Woods need to be cut, peeled and cut to obtain suitable wood blocks.

Step 2: beating; Pulping is a key step in converting wood into paper. There are two main pulping methods: mechanical pulping and chemical pulping. Mechanical pulping is to break wood into fibers by mechanical force. First, put the wood blocks into large mechanical equipment, such as a refiner. Blades and hammers in mechanical equipment will break wood blocks into smaller particles.

Step 3: processing and shaping the paper pulp; In the pulp treatment step, the pulp should be further treated and adjusted. First, the mud will be stirred and screened to remove impurities and residual chemicals. Next, the parameters such as water content, fiber length and bonding force between fibers should be adjusted as needed.

Step 4: squeezing and drying; After the paper is formed, pressing and drying steps are required. First, the formed paper is sent to a press to remove excess water under pressure. Then, the paper will be sent to the dryer, and the water on the surface of the paper will evaporate under the action of high temperature and hot air.

Step 5: processing and subsequent treatment; Once the paper is dried, subsequent processing and treatment steps are needed. These steps include coating, calendering, cutting and packaging. So that the paper has the required quality and appearance.

Early embryonic morphology

Before paper appeared, the ancients carved characters on Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bamboo and silk, or cast them on bronzes. Official letters, private letters, ancient books and records in the Qin and Han Dynasties were all written in bamboo and silk. Later generations used "volume", "compilation" and "volume" to refer to the length of books, which came from the way bamboo slips were compiled and stored.

Jane is made of bamboo and is very heavy; Although silk is light, it is expensive. People's use is greatly restricted. There are two different views on the origin of papermaking. One is that Cai Lun, the eunuch of the Eastern Han Dynasty, invented paper in 105, mainly according to literature records. This theory was quite popular for thousands of years before new discoveries were made in archaeology.