Song Xiang: the first talented person in Lingnan, a versatile poet, painter and calligrapher.

Song Xiang, whose name is Huan Xiang, was a famous poet and calligrapher in the middle of Qing Dynasty. He has been an official for many years, with a clean political voice, excellent poetry and rich works. He is known as "the first gifted scholar in Lingnan". For Song Xiang, what most people talk about today is his ingenious couplets. Couplets are one of the traditional literary forms in ancient China, with particular emphasis on format, meaning and form, which also tests the knowledge and quick wisdom of those who receive couplets. Couplet culture has a long history, and countless couplets have been passed down to this day, which is amazing. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the wind of confrontation was particularly prevalent. Wen Zhiming, Zhu Zhishan, Tang Bohu, Jie Jin and Xu Wenchang in the Ming Dynasty, Ji Xiaolan and Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty were all excellent players, and Song Xiang was one of them. He has a long couplet of 150 words, which can be described as a classic: the east of today, the west of tomorrow, the green hills are green and the waters are flowing. I can't walk through the Chu gorge and Qin Guan, nor can I fill my heart. Li Xi Xiang Yu, Xi Zhi Cao Cao, Wujiang Chibi empty troubles! Busy with what? When you sit in the film, please think about the past and have a quiet place to feel at ease. Don't teach the Spring and Autumn Festival to live a good life. Here, there, dusty, posted all the way. You can't take the white jade and gold, but you can't keep the white teeth. If Shi Chong is rich, Su Yanggui and green beads are red, it will become a dream. Hate what? I advise you to solve a few questions, sell a pot and guess three times and four times. When there is something delicious, you must drink it. It's the hardest thing for old friends to come. From north to south, passers-by are in a hurry, and naturally there are thousands of feelings, 150 words, and the words are meticulous and bitter. In addition, Song Xiang is a unique poet in the field of poetry, which has become a common practice in the literary world of the Qing Dynasty. Some people lived in the Han Dynasty, while others lived in the Tang Dynasty. Song Xiang learned from others, his poetic style was aboveboard, and his poems were frequent. He was one of the three great poets in Lingnan in the middle of Qing Dynasty, and was highly respected by people. In Qing Zhuan, Xiang was even promoted to be a giant of Cantonese poetry: Xiang was a unique figure. The poem is depressed and frustrated, which is almost equal to Shaoling. Since Feng, Cantonese poetry has promoted Huxiang to a giant. In addition, Song Xiang's calligraphy can be said to be perfect, neat and tidy. Cursive script is the most widely circulated. Once a book is completed, it can be dumped by many scholars. In the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty, Hunan was described as heroic and magnificent. There is a comment in the inscription of Song Mo in the Palace Museum in Beijing: Wan Zhi (Song Xiang) has a long cursive script, and his brushwork is frank and elegant. Often a paper book was dumped by the sage at that time. Throughout his life, Song Xiang was born in a family that worshiped and read. He was a genius when he was a teenager, and he could recite poems and couplets at the age of five. He has always been called a prodigy. Young people have been studying for many years, but they have repeatedly failed the exam. They had to stay in Doumen for further study, and finally he worked as an official for more than 20 years. He devoted himself to research and his political voice was quite high. Up to now, there are many legends in Yunnan. The most embarrassing thing is that Song Xiang has been an official for many years, but he still has no money. All he left was a hundred volumes of poetry and Mo Bao. In the long history, there are few officials. The youth is poor, and the Mongolian Academy is studying in Baidu Town, located in the northeast corner of Guangdong Province. A grotto river flows into Meijiang River in Xiaoxiaowei Town, which is more than 20 kilometers away from Meizhou City. There is a village in this quaint town, surrounded by green peaks. The housing settlement is built on the mountain and is called Xiangshan because it looks like an elephant. There is a lake in front of the mountain called Hu Xiang Village. There is a family named Song in the village. This generation of peasant families has never had an official in North Korea, and there are few celebrities in Yan Wen. But it is this little-known village, more than 200 years ago, during the reign of the Gan family, a superstar of Lingnan literary world rose. 1757, Song Xiang was born in Hu Xiang village. The Song family is not a big family. According to genealogy records, the Song family, whose ancestors were slightly cold, lived by releasing ducks. They have worked hard in agriculture since their great grandfathers Tince and Zu Qian Yi. Song Xiang's father, Song Buyun, is a scholar. He took agriculture as the foundation, adhered to Confucianism, and made some achievements in mathematics. He was a tribute student at the age of 18 and made a living by teaching. He changed his family farming methods from generation to generation. Although he lived in poverty, he attached great importance to his son Song Xiang's education since childhood. When Song Xiang was five or six years old, his father taught him to read, copy, recite poems and recite couplets. Because of his cleverness, literary thinking and agility, he won the love of his elders. There is a record in Guangxu's "Jiaying Mansion Records": Seeing Uncle as a literary society, taking a piece of paper as a text is very strange. At that time, attention was paid to culture and education, and social studies, voluntary schools and private schools were established in all counties. For example, in the south of Hucun, there is a Mongolian museum funded by our people, and there are two apricot trees in front of it. Every spring, apricot trees are like clouds, or because of the meaning of "apricot branches are full of spring", it is named Xingshanfang. When Song Xiang was seven years old, he went to the house in Hongxing Mountain to learn ignorance. Because he is wise to ordinary people, he can always recite quickly. Although Song Xiang Jr. is very talented, he is also very playful. In a group of children of the same age, he is inevitably conceited and even often plays truant. From his reminiscence poems in his later years, we can see the scene of his childhood: the old house began in Chai Men tree, and the water flowed behind the castle peak house. Playing truant for ten days and nine days, I wish I could herd cattle first. -One of the seven poems in memory of teenagers is human nature, let alone being a child. Song Buyun, the father, saw that his son was not enterprising, and there were signs of neglecting his studies. He worries from time to time and beats about the bush. Song Xiang got the message slowly, and soon he was able to restrain his desire to play, concentrate on reading and seeking knowledge, and soon made great progress in his studies. He wrote in "Seven Chapters of Youth" 2: What is the world of articles? I secretly saw my husband laughing and asking for clothes in front of my mother. When he writes, he is eloquent. Mongolian teachers also taught Song Xiang to pair. Song Xiang is in his early years of 10 this year, and he is already a famous child prodigy in the local village. 1768, Song Xiang was thirteen years old. Under the recommendation of the Song family, he took the exam in Tongzi County of Jiaying Prefecture and won the first place in one fell swoop. The following year, Song Xiang once again topped the Boy Scout Building Test. When Song Xiang left the village for the first time, he showed his advantages. After returning home, firecrackers were set off in the ancestral hall of the Song family, and people of all ages came to congratulate them. Song Xiang became more famous. But his ambition is not here. He's going to Imperial High School, he's going to be an official, and he's going to shine! Song Xiang may not know that he still has a long way to go. Scientific research in Qing dynasty followed the Ming system and was divided into four levels: children's examination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. Children's testing also includes three stages: county, state and college, commonly known as "quiz". And Song Xiang has just passed the children's exam, and will face the college entrance examination next. The content of the exam begins to take an eight-part essay, that is, an argumentative essay. This style is incompatible with Song Xiang's personality, interests and talents, which may also be the main reason for his repeated setbacks in scientific research. At the age of fifteen, Song Xiang took the college entrance examination, but he failed in the first battle. Young Song Xiang tasted failure for the first time. Under the dim light of night, he studied hard, and the distant mountains were gray, and the sound of insects added a little sadness. An unsolvable depression flooded his pen: he liked to sit in the dark for a long time, but he hated oil even more when he was a child. Hiding from reading and waiting for self-destruction, what will happen if you waste it! -"Five Poems of Yu Chuanzi's Solitary Lights" Part V For Song Xiang, who has never been frustrated academically, this defeat is undoubtedly a big blow. There is inevitably a mixture of persistence and confusion in his heart, and he is uneasy and sleepy. For the first time, Song Xiang had a clear understanding of himself, but the traditional ideas of "being an official if you study well" and "everything is inferior" were deeply rooted in his mind, and his parents had been waiting for it for a long time. Clap your hands and go to Luotian to see that Hepeng Island is Yingzhou. -"Seven Chapters of Teenagers" (5) Song Xiang spent most of his youth in anxious expectation. In his spare time, he also made friends and sang with his brothers. Heaven rewards diligence. Finally, in 1778, the third year after Song Xiang got married, 23-year-old Song Xiang won a scholar and finally got a "passport" to be an official. The education level of counties and counties is always limited, and there are not many literary celebrities. Want to gain a lot, only to go to the provincial capital to visit famous teachers for school. 1782, when Song Xiang was 27 years old, he left home and hoped to study in Yuexiu College in Guangzhou. He took a boy servant Meijiang by boat, all the way by water, working hard day and night. As soon as he arrived in Guangzhou, he presented a book to Mr. Chen Hexiang of Yuexiu Academy, which contained his usual poems. Chen Jianyuan read Song Xiang's books and poems and appreciated them very much. He hosted a banquet for Song Xiang in the Academy, and when he pushed a cup for a change, the young and the old had a good talk, which greatly moved Song Xiang. It's hard to meet a famous teacher in a prosperous time. Song Xiang was impressed by Chen Hexiang's appreciation. He studied hard in college and achieved excellent results. Chen Hexiang has high hopes for Song Xiang. However, Guangzhou is a prosperous place after all, and Song Xiang is a prosperous newcomer. Naturally, he was lost in this world of flowers and flowers. His family is poor and self-sufficient by selling articles after school. However, the income from selling articles is often squandered in restaurants: it is difficult to kill a jiaozi and beat a tiger, but a week is a pleasure. Life wine market building often sits alone and goes out to throw crickets. -"Seven Chapters of Teenagers" No.4 After graduating from the Academy, Song Xiang made many friends with fellow scholars and traveled all over the island of South Australia for 300 miles. He is the gateway to Fujian and Guangdong. He has been wandering around the rivers and lakes for many years, enjoying the beautiful scenery, understanding the complicated customs and being familiar with various markets, which not only broadens his horizons, but also makes him very happy. How time flies! It will be ten years in the blink of an eye. The poor life did not discourage Song Xiang from studying, and he never gave up his scientific research. Since the 22nd year of Qing Qianlong's reign, he has added trial poems to the imperial examination, and the stylized tendency of trial poems determines that such poems are indifferent. But in order to cope with scientific research, Song Xiang had to study hard. He once said in "Self-narration of Trial Poetry": It is very difficult to do it for the body, with eight articles. However, there is no talent and no learning. But if the topic is made by the system and the law is made by the rope, it can be transported but not boasted, and learning can be used but not boasted. It's hard to lose them both. ..... for those who can't work in this way, take care of their hearts and follow it. Every time they sigh' how many stems are broken in one sentence', they are trying to write poetry. Song Xiang, 37, won the title of "Noisy Autumn" in the Guangdong Provincial Examination, which indicates that the door of officialdom has been opened. This brings Song Xiang a feeling of ecstasy, a confidence in his future, which permeates his works: the achievement of the three strategies of heaven and man, and the beginning of gongs and drums. Don't be afraid of being lonely in a short room, lie down and listen to the first sound of your dress. -"The Mid-Autumn Wall in Renzi Township" arrived at Doumen. That winter, Song Xiang took the exam. As a result, he lost his position in Sun Shan, and the successful step he had just taken stopped. In the capital, I am unaccompanied, and my lunch is smokeless. Song Xiang was so depressed that I couldn't sleep all night. I have to read poetry books, but I can't help but think of Du Fu. I am also in the same boat, and my complaint has turned into angry words: I have read the world for forty years, but suddenly I sigh that I have accomplished nothing. People are bitter and don't know it, and they are born with various feelings. Tao Qian is still begging, and Du Fu is still relying on people. Reciting poems is better than drinking alone. Others envy you, but I don't envy you. -"Four Miscellaneous Poems" (3) Just as Song Xiang was wandering helplessly, his mentor Chen Hexiang came to Sanhe County, Zhili. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, Song Xiang was invited to Sanhe Mansion. The moonlight melts, the courtyard is deep, the bamboo shadow is swaying, Gui Xiang attacks people, and he drinks lightly. His face was a little tipsy, and they had a good chat. They hit it off very well, and their friendship is also a story of scholars. Song Xiang lived in Sanhe Mansion for three years and tried again, but still failed. Being a sponsor is not a long-term solution. Besides, Chen Hexiang's family has a large population and the economy is not affluent. In order not to increase the burden on the teachers, Song Xiang returned to Beijing and passed the teaching of Jueluo Official School in Xianghuang Banner. About the life in those days, Song Xiang described it like this in the preface of "The Immortal Residence": I was led to the north by quilt Long Renzi, and I did four tests, and first frost returned on Monday. When I left Doumen, it was the end of October. Three years ago, Chen Rong, a famous Nanhai teacher in Gai Yi, borrowed many books in Sanhe County, Hexiang County. For the next three years, he stayed in the teaching room of Jueluo official school with a yellow flag, sitting without a blanket and planting flowers, which was the only time. In the middle of the night, the 80-year-old parents still live a black sheep's life with the inkstone field. Face the sky and stab the heart, keeping it from others. Every time I think about it, Song Xiang always feels guilty in the middle of the night, which stings my heart. Every time I look at it, I feel sad and worried. But what can I do? I'm not famous yet, everything is still there. After six years in Beijing, Song Xiang suffered from poverty and illness, and his mood was extremely low. He can't help but sigh: it's cold if you don't sleep, and it's sad for autumn. Open bucket leaves in the mine field, and the curtain angle becomes morning glory. Books and swords pity the livelihood, and rivers and lakes feel the old tour. Wear clothes and sit more, there is a firefly flow in the wind. -The third of "Four Poems of Shanzhai Qiu Si" leaves rustled, Hua Teng entered the curtain, fell into the rivers and lakes, and all the books and swords fell. In these years of running for a living, he misses the life of reading and roaming with friends in the past, but now he is infinitely lonely. During this period, Song Xiang wrote many five-character poems, which were natural and frank, with clear feelings, drinking in the Mid-Autumn Festival in spring outing, worshiping the old society on the Double Ninth Festival, and solar terms were all included in the poems. His first extant collection of poems, Buyi Juzhai Collection, contains works of that period, mostly expressing the pain of wandering life experience and the sadness of falling in a foreign land. However, there are still many expectations in thousands of ups and downs: the flowers planted at the same time are blue in the south and blue in the north. Don't young people like it? More yin and less dew; Don't yellow people have compassion? Pulse refining is deep and ancient. If you don't believe in being kind to others, who will bloom look at? If you want to make a name for yourself in life, it is either too late or too early. One of the "three flowers" is sure enough. As long as you work hard enough, the worst result in life is just a late bloomer. 1799 late spring, another exam. Candidates from all provinces gathered in Beijing, and Song Xiang entered the examination room for the third time. At this time, Song Xiang, with years of experience, has been quite handy in writing Chinese, but he is still unhappy in the face of such an exam. Fortunately, Song Xiang has become a powerful player, and his eight-part essay writing has long been proficient. The written examination, the palace examination and the second interview were all unimpeded, and Song Xiang's performance was excellent. He was elected to the "General Hall" of the Imperial Academy, where he received education and edification. Song Xiang, a new official with three fires, is both novel and exciting. The Hanlin Academy has always been a place to reserve talents, study and look forward to. Although the salary is equivalent to seven titles, just for living, working in the library is still very comfortable and leisurely. After years of hardships, she finally walked out of the sea of suffering and became a member of the Hanlin Academy. She is proud of the spring breeze. Just when she returned home dressed in rags, a bad news was like a blow, which made it difficult for Song Xiang to recover. Her father Song Buyun died at home from overwork, so Song Xiang had to ask for leave in a hurry. I have been away from home for a long time. At this time, I am honored to return to my hometown. Green mountains and green waters are still desolate. After the funeral, Song Xiang stayed in his hometown for mourning. 1 1 month, he learned that his best friend Li Jian had died at the age of 53. Bereavement and bereavement made him even more exhausted. Before his eyes, the shadow of his dead friend kept emerging, accompanied by a burst of grief and tears: Zhang, a famous man, was ill for no reason. People build their castles on the blue sea. Autumn mountains and moonlight are blue. Poetry is close to ghosts. Who will get it? This is not a hidden sign! What is the only medicine on the pillow? I haven't let go of my desire for half my life. -One of the Poems of Five Memories hides the pain of the soul and can only wait for time to heal slowly. Filial Song Xiang, who lives in his hometown, went out to visit friends and tide in order to relieve his depression. Where ten scholars stay, where famous Confucianism stops. There were Yan and Yang Sifu in the Tang Dynasty, and Chen Yaozuo, Wen Tianxiang and Lu Xiufu in the Song Dynasty. Known as "the decline of eight generations of literature", Han Yu ruled the August tide and devoted himself to promoting learning and educating people, making Chaozhou's style of writing prosperous, with complementary officials and abundant talents; Champion, second place, flower detective from the next generation; Therefore, it is known as "Zou Lu on the seashore" and "a country famous for mountains and seas". Song Xiang was hired by Huizhou magistrate Yi Bingshou to teach at Hu Feng Academy, where he wrote many poems, which were compiled into Hu Feng Cao and Hu Feng Cao, leaving a lot of pen and ink. In the seventh year of Jiaqing, Song Xiang left Huizhou and moved to Yangcheng, becoming the dean of Guangzhou Yuexiu Academy, and Meizhou became a scholar. During his teaching, Song Xiang wrote many famous articles, both ethereal and straightforward, and dreamy: "Fisherman, where are you from?" Where did it come from? A net of white fish sings into the mangrove forest. Father firewood, where are you going? Where are you going? With white clouds on his head, he is ashamed to be called "Confucianism". Say a few words and confess your needs. Why don't you wait for me, please just make a pot! —— The fifth part of "Ten Poems of Lake Dwelling" is a clean and honest official, and the political voice celebrates ten years. Song Xiang ended Ding You's trip back to Beijing, and was awarded the editor of the Hanlin Academy, from which he began his second nine-year life in Beijing. During this period, this may be the most comfortable time in Song Xiang, and life is very different from before. I am an idle Beijing official in Qingshui, and I am free. Outside of official duties, he often pays tribute and sings to kill time. When he was relaxing in Nanhaizi, outside Yongdingmen, the capital, it was once the place where emperors and princes of the Yuan Dynasty took eagles to swim pigs. He wrote a poem "On the Eagle Hanging Platform": The monarch and his subjects of the Yuan Dynasty hunted at night, and the country left this eagle hanging platform. The cold sand disappeared immediately, and the sunset carved. Before flying to berth, the water was wide and there was no cloud outside the courtyard. Literati don't know bows and arrows, and they miss the past and mourn. At that time, "Cold Sand Horse" and "The Sculpture of Sunset" were dim and vague. Looking back at the turn of winter and spring, I can't help but sigh that as a scholar, I can't be both martial arts. In the tragic sound of the horn at dusk, I can only climb the Eagle Hanging Platform to remember the heroic spirit of the past. I can't serve my country better, and my heart is inevitably sad. Nine years later, in the eighteenth year of Jiaqing, Song Xiang was sent to defend Qujing, Yunnan, and Hanlin was released. Although the results are still good and the salary is better, it is a wilderness after all and it is relegation. Song Xiang naturally felt bad in his heart. The Hanlin Academy used to be the selection place of Zaifu, but now it is in the secluded Qujing House. Song Xiang was deeply moved here: at the age of 20, he was in Gui You and was sent by Hanlin to stay in Yunnan. I don't know what I'm doing, I'm afraid of my father; When can I finish sweeping the nest marks? Don't be busy on the day you go out, in case you lose something. -"A Volume of Southbound Grass" At this time, Song Xiang, who was nearly sixty years old, went to Wan Li and couldn't help feeling sorry for himself: Longzhong always went to Erhai Lake, even if he became a Buddha. As we all know, it was in southern Yunnan that Song Xiang completed a comprehensive political transformation and created a generation of civil servants. When I first arrived in Qujing, there were floods and disasters everywhere. If it is unbearable, it will lead many people to repair the city to control water; Later, when I went to Malong House, I saw that the land was barren and the people were poor, so I donated money to buy 500 new spinning wheels and a batch of cotton, and asked my wife Suyun to teach women to spin, so as to solve the people's living difficulties. People gratefully call this woven cloth "Song Announcement". When Song Xiang was in Guangnan Prefecture, he saw that the potential in the city was high and drinking water was difficult, so he donated money and personally surveyed the water source, chiseled two ponds in the east and west, and diverted water into the city for the people to drink; When Yamato was attacked by Yin, the local area was hungry and cold, and the plague was prevalent. He donated money and relief shirts and organized people to help themselves. When I was in charge of Yongchang Mansion, I saw a Yongbao Academy in the county town, which had been abandoned for a long time. I donated 170 silver to restore the academy and promote the development of culture and education. The people thanked him for his achievements as an official in Yunnan. The local people built a statue, a shrine and a monument for Song Xiang to worship him. His political achievements are recorded in the biography of Li Xun, the annals of Yunnan: (Qujing) Malongfu, where he belongs, is poor and poor. Hunan donated cheap kapok to teach women to spin, which relieved the people's suffering. As a magistrate in Guangnan, the water color in the city is high, and Hunan has opened two ponds for people to drink, which is very convenient for the people. Nursing the west road, relieving hunger, and Hunan donating money to help the poor, none of them survived. Although there are political voices outside, years of confinement have filled Song Xiang with homesickness. Mo Wen worries about the present and pursues the past, and draws his sword and runs out of water. In "A Garden Full of Rhododendrons as Songs", he felt: Don't you see that the azaleas are blooming and one plant is burning in the east. I didn't see the cuckoo fly, so I said, "Let's go home!" ! Look up at the cuckoo and listen down to the cuckoo; The cuckoo season is sad, and the guest is happy! I bought 10 thousand flowers today and set fire to the court. But Bloom is very popular. Don't make the birds cry and piss me off. There is wine in the flower room to entertain the spring breeze. Are these flowers really dyed red? Looking at the emperor for thousands of years, there is nothing good in the drizzle all over the mountains. Du Fu ""Europe and Yue complain about birds, crying at night and bleeding vegetation. " Song Xiang vividly vented his complex psychological state of suppressing homesickness with "Tears of Blood by Azalea". 1825, Song Xiang was transferred from Yunnan to Hubei, and served as the governor of grain transportation. Legend has it that on the day of departure, all the villagers lined up to send tears to each other, which shows that Song Xiang has a high reputation in the hearts of ordinary people. The following year, Song Xiang, 7 1 year-old, personally commanded 3,000 grain carriers in the southeast Caohe River. The task is heavy. In spite of the wind and rain, he took a boat to supervise the grain. After this incident, on a quiet day, Song Xiang stayed at home to trim flowers, write poems and drink until late at night. Everything is as usual. I thought that after this sleep, I never got up again. The next morning, Song Xiang died peacefully in bed. Three dynasties were important officials, diligent and honest, and literary talents fell from the sky like meteors. As soon as the news came out, the ruling and opposition parties shook, and Daoguang wrote "Poems of Compassion and Loyalty" in his own hands: defending the country 13 years, and the political discourse power was enhanced. Seventy-year-old handsome, Cao crossed the Yangtze River. Save Beijing grain, love Ren Qing for martial arts. Have pity on the elders and look at the throne with sad eyes. ..... Lingnan literary world is full of stars, and Song Xiang is undoubtedly a shock.