Spatial knowledge

Hehe, I will take part in this competition, too. I found out, so ... . . . . . I won't tell you!

Forget it, I'll tell you!

1. Good health. Do high-intensity physical exercise every day, run at least two miles (about 3.2 kilometers), ride a bike 15 minutes, swim in the 50-meter lane five times, and lift weights 15 minutes without interruption. 2. Teamwork and learn to get along with others. Spacecraft is very small, so you must know how to live with other crew members. 3. Foreign language proficiency and basic Russian. But it's not that simple. Mark Shuttleworth, a South African millionaire, once spent a huge sum of money on a Russian spaceship to travel in space in 2002. He once said that a four-hour Russian course every day is like operating on the brain without anesthesia. It is necessary to have a good health check-up. Heart disease patients are definitely not allowed to go to heaven, but mild asthma will not affect them. Psychological examination is also very important for mental health, especially to keep calm under any circumstances. An astronaut may face all kinds of dangers, but there is nowhere to escape in space. 6. Overweight endurance training Overweight endurance training requires astronauts to maintain normal breathing and thinking ability under the condition of 8 times their own weight. This kind of training is usually carried out in a high-speed rotating centrifugal cabin or rotating seat. The biggest pressure in training is to bear acceleration, and the training of astronauts requires overload to reach 8 times of human gravity for 40 to 50 seconds. In manned space training, overweight endurance training is the biggest challenge to astronauts' self-limit, and it is a famous devil training, which many people discourage. 7. First-aid training The basic first-aid knowledge is the common sense of astronauts, such as fixing the leg with a splint after a fracture and giving medicine to the wound. 8. Land survival training simulates the accidental crash of the space shuttle in the Russian wild. Trainees must receive basic survival training, such as how to make a fire, how to build a temporary shelter and how to ask for help. 9. In the event of an accident, astronauts should also be prepared for crash landing in the Black Sea. One of the exercises is that astronauts wear spacesuits and jump into the water. In water, they should learn to inflate their lifeboats. 10. weightlessness training in weightlessness, all daily tasks such as eating, drinking, going to the toilet and vomiting need to be relearned, otherwise it may bring you and others a lot of trouble. Medical experts from NASA have specially developed a large instrument called "Vomiting Comet Machine". As long as astronauts stay in this instrument for 100 hours before entering space, they will not vomit again after entering space. In this rotating machine, astronauts have to learn to wear spacesuits in 30 seconds. 1 1. Learn to fly the space shuttle. Any accident can happen. Therefore, if the automatic control system breaks down and causes an accident, or all other crew members are killed, someone must be able to fly the space shuttle back to Earth. 12. Money may be the last and most crucial point. You should have at least 20 million dollars.

1.2007165438+1On October 24th, China's first lunar exploration satellite was successfully launched. The name of this satellite is Chang 'e-1.

2.20071October 24th, 165438+ The launch vehicle carrying China's first lunar exploration satellite was ignited and launched at Xichang Launch Center.

At present, there are three satellite launch bases in China, and the fourth launch base is about to be built in Wenchang, which is expected to be put into use at 20 10.

On April 14, 2007, China successfully sent a Beidou satellite into space by the Changsanjia carrier rocket. This satellite is a satellite in China's "Beidou Plan". Excuse me, is the main purpose of "Beidou Plan" positioning and navigation?

To commemorate Galileo's feat of observing the starry sky with a telescope for the first time 400 years ago, in March 2007, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) designated 2009 as the international year of astronomy with the theme of "Universe-Your Discovery".

6. The following statement about planets is wrong. Jupiter, known as Chang Geng in ancient China, has the largest mass of all the planets in the solar system.

7. So far, humans have launched a large number of probes to explore other planets in the solar system. The following detectors correctly correspond to the detected planets: Galileo and Jupiter.

8. Regarding the top five planets with the largest mass in the solar system, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus and the Earth are correct in descending order of mass.

9. The messier number of Orion Nebula is M42.

10. The following description of the meaning of each solar term is incorrect. On the day of the winter solstice, the declination of the sun is 0 degrees, and the sunlight almost directly reaches the Tropic of Capricorn with the shortest day in the northern hemisphere.

1 1. Humans have named many places on the moon. The following name does not belong to the moon: Mount Olympus.

12. Most craters on the moon are named after astronomers, including astronomers in ancient China. The following person's name is not used to name Song.

13. The statement about the telescope is correct. Compared with the horizon telescope, the equatorial telescope has the advantage that it is easy to track the diurnal apparent motion of celestial bodies.

14. The angle between the orbit plane of the moon around the earth and the equator of the moon is 6 degrees 4 1 min, so that we can see the back of the moon at the north and south poles of the earth.

15. the following statement about comets is incorrect: comets are heated when they are close to the sun, and the light of comets is mainly emitted by hot gases.

16. The discovery of asteroids is closely related to the proposal of Titius-Bode law. According to this rule, there should be a planet 2.8 astronomical units away from the sun, and then Piacci really found the first asteroid Ceres there.

17. Some planets in the solar system radiate more energy than they receive solar radiation. So far, Jupiter and Saturn are known.

18. There is a dark gap in the middle of Saturn's outer ring, which divides the ring into two parts. This gap is named after its discoverer and is called Cassini ring gap.

19. By observing the phases of the moon, we can roughly know the date of a day in a month. For example, when the moon phase is the first quarter moon, it is probably the eighth day of the lunar calendar every month.

20. Among the eight planets in the solar system, one planet rotates in a very unique way. The angle between its equatorial plane and its orbital plane is 97 degrees and 55 minutes. Which planet is almost lying on the orbital plane? Uranus

2 1. Which of the following celestial bodies is a galaxy? andromeda nebula

22. Sunspots are the most basic and obvious phenomena in solar activities. The number of sunspots increases and decreases periodically, and the activity period is about 1 1 year?

23. Of all the major planets in the solar system, Venus is the planet with the least number of satellites and its rotation direction is different from that of other planets.

24. The ancient Egyptians thought that the sun had wings, probably because they speculated after observing the total solar eclipse, because only during the total solar eclipse could people see the outer atmosphere of the sun, which was like a white pearl with fibrous feathers. This atmosphere refers to the corona layer.

25. The solar system is located in the spiral arms of the Milky Way, about 85,000 parsec from the center of the Milky Way.

26. 1965 penzias and Wilson first discovered the existence of microwave background radiation in the universe, and now the temperature of background radiation obtained by astronomical observation is 2.73kk.

It is impossible to observe the eclipse on the earth.

28. The constellation that Guangdong can see at night every season is Leo Capricorn in spring.

29. White dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes may form in the last stage of star evolution.

The main components of the universe are dark matter and dark energy.

31.The apparent magnitude of star A is smaller than that of star B 10, and the brightness is 10000 times?

32. A light year is about 63,000 astronomical units.

33. What is the nearest star and how far is it from us? Proxima centauri, 4.22 light years.

34. The size of the Milky Way is about 654.38+ million light years.

35. if the distance between the sun and the earth becomes half of what it is now, then the energy received by the earth's surface per unit time is four times as much as it is now?

36. The China calendar takes the winter solstice as the starting point of the tropical year.

In the equatorial region, the following statement is incorrect: All the stars never rise or never set? All the stars are plummeting? Can see all the constellations in the whole day? Does it take the same time for the stars to rise from the horizon to set (ignoring the influence of topography)?

38. According to the chronology of cadres and branches, 2005 is the year of Yiyou, and 2004 is the year of Shen Jianian. So when is the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games? Wuzi

39. The following statement about the lunar calendar in China is incorrect, because it belongs to the lunar calendar.

40. The ancient book says that "bucket handle refers to the east, and the world is spring; Bucket handle guide, the world is summer; Bucket handle refers to the west, and the world is autumn; Bucket handle refers to the north, and it is winter in the world. " . This refers to the astronomical phenomena seen around eleven o'clock to twelve o'clock in the evening.

4 1. Which of the following solar terms has the largest solar declination? Summer solstice

42. The world is divided into 24 time zones, and China Beijing time is now in East Zone 8, so when Beijing time starts at 8 am, it is 3 am for Moscow in East Zone 3.

43. At the geographical latitude of 30, the altitude angle of the north celestial pole was observed to be 30.

44. Regarding the celestial coordinate system, the following statement is incorrect: at the same observation point, the horizon coordinates of celestial bodies have nothing to do with time.

45. If the declination angle is 23.5, the declination of the sun will change within 23.5 due to the annual apparent motion.

46. There are some ways to determine the age of the universe, such as measuring Hubble constant. At present, the age of the universe determined by astronomical observation is about 65.438+03.7 billion years.

47. The Milky Way is composed of stars and gases, with about 1000 billion stars?

48. Since the 1960s, astronomers have begun to study extraterrestrial intelligent life, such as Ozma Project, Phoenix Project and Allen Project, commonly known as SETI Project. The main research method is to search for the radio signals of extraterrestrial intelligent life in the universe through radio telescopes.

49. The relationship between the sun and the earth is very close. In addition to sunlight reaching the earth, there are also high-speed solar wind particles that can reach the earth and be captured by the earth's magnetic field, resulting in aurora in high latitudes.

50. In Beijing, Wuhan and Guangzhou, a set of horizontal sundials was placed. The three sets of sundials are exactly the same, and the geographical longitude of these three places is roughly the same. On the day of the vernal equinox, at noon 12, the correct order of the shadow length of the sundial is Guangzhou, Wuhan and Beijing.

5 1。 The 4m large-area multi-target optical fiber spectral astronomical telescope (LAMOST) is a national key scientific project in China and will be put into use at the end of 2008. The telescope is the largest optical astronomical observation equipment to be built in China and the telescope with the highest spectrum acquisition rate in the world. Which astronomical observation base is this telescope located in Xinglong, Hebei Province?

52. China will soon build the world's largest single aperture radio telescope (FAST project) in Guizhou. What is the diameter of this telescope 500 meters?

53. The declination of the sun is different in different solar terms. The following solar terms correspond to the solar declination correctly, and the winter solstice is -23.5.

54. The following statement is incorrect: the distance between the sun and the earth refers to the shortest distance from the sun to the earth, which is used as the basic unit of the distance between celestial bodies in astronomy.

55. The following statement is wrong: solar eclipse does not happen every year, but it will happen more than once in some years.

56. According to the orbit, artificial earth satellites can be divided into low-orbit satellites, medium-high-orbit satellites and geostationary satellites. The orbit height of low-orbit satellites is 200~2000 kilometers; The orbit height of medium and high orbit satellites is 2000~20000 kilometers; The geostationary orbit satellite is located above the equator with an orbital height of about 36,000 kilometers.

57. In order to reduce the energy required to launch an artificial satellite, it is necessary to rely on the earth's rotation, and at the same time, in order to increase the surface area of satellite observation, there will be certain requirements for the angle between the satellite orbit and the equatorial plane. In order to achieve these two goals, the method adopted is to launch eastward; Increase the angle between the orbit and the equatorial plane.

58. When the sun, the earth and the moon are roughly on the same line, and the moon is located between the sun and the earth, the moon phase that can be seen on the earth is the new moon.

59. The resolution of a telescope is determined by the diffraction distribution of its aperture shape, which is approximately expressed as, where is the wavelength and d is the telescope aperture. For visible light ~5000 angstrom, the pupil of human eye is about 2 ~ 3 mm, so the resolution of human eye is about 1 minute.

60. 1655 ~ 1656 huygens discovered Saturn's rings and Orion nebula.

6 1. If the distance of a 4-magnitude star is reduced by half, its apparent magnitude will become 2.5.

Cepheid variable is a kind of pulsating variable, and their luminosity has a certain relationship with the period, which can be used for ranging.

Astronomers have discovered more than 100 extrasolar planets. If a planet with the mass of Earth 10 times moves around a star, the mass of the star is equal to the mass of the sun, and the distance from the planet to the star is 1 astronomical unit, then how long is the period of revolution of the planet (in Earth years)? 1 year

64. The final product of stellar evolution cannot be. megastar

There is a football match in Moscow at 3 pm at 37.5 east longitude, so in Beijing, it should be watched at 8 pm.

66. The most basic method for measuring the distance between stars is the triangular parallax method. Firstly, the annual parallax of stars is measured, and then the distance between stars can be obtained by simple operation. Astronomy defines the opening angle of the average distance from a star to the sun and the earth as the annual parallax of the star.

67. At sunset on the Tropic of Cancer, which direction should the sun always be on the horizon and at what speed? To the west, 1670km/s (taking radius of the earth as 6400km).

68. Regarding the top five planets with the largest mass in the solar system, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus and the Earth are correct in descending order of mass.

69. Due to different latitudes, the apparent motion of the sun varies on Sunday. The following statement is incorrect: The lower the latitude in the southern hemisphere, the shorter the days in winter.

70. Among the following planets, Mercury has no atmosphere.

7 1. If the Earth is observed on Mars, which of the following does not belong to the apparent motion of the Earth?

72. The total solar eclipse on March 29th, 2006, with a total length of1.450km, passed through many countries such as Asia, Africa, Europe and America, such as Mongolia, Brazil, Turkey and Egypt. The following regions are Brazil, Egypt and Mongolia in the order of seeing the total solar eclipse.

73. The color of the stars located in the main sequence area of Herotto star changes from blue to red, so how do their temperatures and masses change? The temperature is from high to low, and the mass is from big to small.

74. Observed at 40 degrees north latitude, which of the following celestial bodies has never fallen more than 50 degrees declination?