What is the arrangement of cylinders?

1 Classification of cylinder arrangement

At present, the mainstream engine cylinder arrangement forms are:

1.l: online

2.V: V arrangement

Other non-mainstream cylinder arrangements:

1.W: W-shaped arrangement

2. horizontally opposed engine

3. Rotary engine

2. Basic introduction of in-line type (L type)

As the name implies, all cylinders move up and down in a row. Generally, engines with less than 6 cylinders adopt this method, which is characterized by simple process, low manufacturing cost and convenient maintenance. It is the first choice for economical cars, but the engine vibrates greatly when running.

Basic introduction of 3H type

Two rows of cylinders are connected horizontally in reverse, and all pistons do horizontal reciprocating motion, which is characterized by good engine balance and relatively low center of gravity, which is beneficial to the stability of the car. For example, the cars that Subaru took part in the World Rally Championship and the famous Porsche sports cars all used horizontally opposed engine. However, since all cylinders are placed horizontally, the lubrication of the upper part becomes a difficult problem. Compared with other types of engines, it needs a more complex and precise lubrication system, which invisibly increases the manufacturing cost. H-shaped horizontal opposition (can be regarded as an included angle of 180 degrees.

Basic introduction of 4V type

All cylinders are divided into two rows, which is equivalent to two in-line engines connected at a certain angle. This is an ideal engine form, which is characterized by smooth operation and less vibration and noise than an in-line engine. However, the included angle between two rows of cylinders has a great influence on the ride comfort of the engine, and 90 is the most ideal. However, due to other considerations of the engine, there will be 60, 1 10 and other forms. Generally, the smaller the angle, the smaller the width of the engine, which is convenient for installation in a narrow engine room, but at the same time, the height should be increased accordingly. However, if the angle increases, the height of the center of gravity of the engine is relatively low, which is beneficial to the stability of the car body in corners. V-type engine has a complicated structure and high manufacturing and maintenance costs, and is mostly used in middle and high-grade cars.