Who can provide the answer format for argumentative exposition and appreciation of ancient poems?

First, the three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.

Second, demonstration methods: reasoning, example, comparison, quotation and metaphor.

Third, the way of argument: argument and rebuttal. Argumentative essays can be divided into two categories: argumentative essays and argumentative essays. )

Fourth, common questions and answering skills.

1, the function of analysis and demonstration method: two main points of function. Details are as follows:

(1) Illustration: By citing specific examples, the demonstration will be more specific and convincing.

Format: Use examples to demonstrate and cite … (summarize examples) to prove … (if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument), thus making the argument more specific and convincing.

(2) Reasoning argument: prove the argument through reasoning, making the argument more general and profound.

Form: demonstrate the viewpoint with the method of rational argument ... so as to make the argument more universal and deeper.

3. Metaphorical argument: use metaphor to prove and make the argument vivid and easy to understand.

Format: Metaphorical argument is used for comparison

④ Comparative argument: The role of comparative argument is outstanding.

Format: Compare … with … by means of comparative argument, and highlight the viewpoint of ….

⑤ Citation arguments: Citation arguments are complicated and related to the specific cited materials, such as quoting famous sayings, aphorisms, authoritative data, anecdotes of celebrities, jokes and anecdotes. , its role should be analyzed in detail. For example, quoting famous sayings, aphorisms and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; Citing celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read.

Format: Use the argument method of quoting arguments, and quote … to prove the viewpoint of … to make the argument more convincing. (or more interesting, attracting readers to read)

2. Types and functions of analysis and argumentation: Argumentation can be divided into two types: rational argumentation and factual argumentation. There are two points to answer: (1), define the type of argument; (2) Specific analysis. The essence of this topic is to examine the relationship between arguments and arguments. Whether it is the relationship between the central argument and the sub-argument, or the relationship between proof and proof. Therefore, the standard answer format is as follows:

This is the argument of ... it is proving ... (argument, if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument. )

Supplementary argument is very popular as a new type of question. To do this kind of topic, we should pay attention to the following two aspects: (1), and see clearly the types of arguments that need to be supplemented, that is, whether they are famous sayings or examples; (2) Pay attention to the word limit when adding celebrity cases. Of course, as an exam, you can prepare celebrity examples and famous sayings with common themes such as "diligence" and "dealing with the world". Words of famous aphorisms should be few, things should be familiar, and long famous aphorisms or unfamiliar celebrity examples should not be prepared for novelty.

3. The article puts forward the way of central argument:

The title of the article points out the central argument;

② Put forward the central argument at the beginning of the article;

③ At last, the article summarizes the central argument;

4. In the middle of the article, put forward the central argument with a connecting sentence.

The article does not directly put forward the central argument, but it always revolves around …

4. Analyze the argumentation ideas of the article.

First of all, we should understand the structure of general argumentative papers: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (papers)-solving problems (conclusions).

In fact, analyzing the argumentation idea of argumentative essays is to add some words such as "first", "then", "then" and "last" on the basis of paragraph level. When you do this topic, you should pay special attention to the opening and closing sentences.

The content at the beginning is:

(1), put forward the central argument; (2), lead to the topic; In the above two aspects, it is necessary to specifically answer the specific tests that put forward the central argument or lead to the topic, some through famous sayings, some through celebrity anecdotes, and some through anecdotes and jokes.

Ending content:

(1), deepen the central argument and put forward the conclusion of …;

(2) Repeating or strengthening the central argument ...;

(3) Appeal ... or exhort people ...;

(4) Supplementary argumentation. (Sometimes, the role of this aspect is to make the argument more rigorous. )

Doing this topic is to specifically state the introduction, theory and conclusion of the article. For example, in the article "Man's nobility lies in the soul", we can express it like this: firstly, we quote Pascal, a famous French thinker, "Man is a thinking reed" and put forward the central argument that "Man's nobility lies in the soul", then we quote Archimedes and Wilde to prove that "inner spiritual wealth is more worth cherishing than external material wealth", and finally, we quote a girl who is studying on a train as an example to advise people that "man should keep a pure spiritual pursuit.

5. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative language:

There are only two angles to analyze the linguistic features of argumentative essays: (1) linguistic features; (2) Stylistic features. To do this kind of topic, we should master some key words of language style: concise and plain, vivid and humorous, implicit and euphemistic, rich in literary talent and so on. The stylistic feature is that it is enough to make a fuss about the word strict logic. One thing that needs special attention is that doing this kind of topic must be supported by specific sentences, that is, using specific example sentences in the article as examples for analysis.

6. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative writing

There are many angles to analyze the characteristics of argumentative writing, such as rhetorical devices, argumentation methods and writing skills.

(1), rhetoric: for example, metaphor can be combined with the characteristics of metaphor, that is, vivid image; For example, parallelism enhances the momentum of the article argument; For example, quoting ancient poetry makes the article rich in literary talent.

(2) Model Law: Talking about the function of reference model law.

(3) The writing techniques are relatively fixed, and the common ones are: (1), the combination of example and argument (narrative and discussion); (2), give priority to ... model law. Similarly, doing this kind of topic must be supported by specific sentences, that is, using specific examples in the article as examples of analysis.

7, paragraph structure function:

(1), the following leads to (all); (2) Summarize the first (full) articles; (3) connecting the preceding with the following.

As an argumentative paragraph, it must be answered in combination with stylistic features.

If the opening paragraph often leads to the central argument (topic), then we can refer to the following two examples of specific answer formats for use or adaptation:

(1), at the beginning, through writing examples to illustrate ..., put forward the central argument ... (or lead to ...).

(2) At the beginning, by quoting famous sayings, put forward the central argument … (or lead to the topic of …).

(3) At the beginning, by quoting interesting stories of celebrities (or …) to put forward the central argument … (or …) also played a role in attracting readers to read and enhancing the interest of discussion.

For the function of the ending paragraph, please refer to 4: "The content at the end".

Answering skills of Chinese expository reading questions

Article source: Reprinted author information: Reprinted date: August 2, 20061

Explanatory text mainly examines the ability of candidates to obtain information accurately from the text, and the questions are mainly considered around quasi-confirmation reading, accurate understanding and accurate screening.

Interference factors are often set in the test questions: (1) increase or decrease and amplification, that is, changing the sentences of the original text, and expanding or narrowing the scope of explanation by adding some words or reducing some words. (2) To confuse the false with the true is to replace the correct with specious words or sentences, resulting in different meanings. (3) Upset-down refers to intentionally disrupting the sentence relationship of the original text when setting options, making it difficult to understand, such as reversing the causal relationship and disrupting the order. (4) out of nothing, that is, using the thinking inertia of candidates, inducing candidates to take it for granted rather than sober rational thinking.

In the process of solving problems, there is a jingle: "read the original text first, get the general idea, then read the stem as a mark, find out the corresponding sentences in the range, compare the options and see the differences."

Read the original text first and complete three tasks: (1) Understand the general idea of the article, that is, the object of explanation, the relationship between paragraphs, the author's point of view and related materials. (2) Number the paragraphs. (3) Mark important sentences and keywords.

Secondly, it is very important to read the stem, and we should mark the important words. For example, the title 1 of the volume 1999 can be marked as follows: "The first paragraph of this article puts forward a hypothesis, and the incorrect understanding is" 3. The first is the position of the proposition point, the second is the content of the test question, and the third is the standard for choosing the answer.

Third, finding out the scope of the answer and the corresponding sentence is the essential stage of the answer. Generally speaking, the search interval of the answer should be near the propositional point, for example, the answer to question 1 is in paragraph 1 or paragraph 2. It is more important to find the corresponding sentence. It can be said that if you find the corresponding sentence, you will basically find the answer. Comparing options to find differences is the last step, which is to complete the answer. For example, 1 item b says: "Compared with humans, hibernating mammals have changed in a wider range." The word "supervision" is omitted, which is inconsistent with the original intention of the article.

Explanatory reading questions are multiple-choice questions, and there are three ways to choose the right options: direct election, exclusion and analogy.

Direct election means choosing the right answer directly. This method is suitable for obvious questions, and some answers can be determined at once. It also applies to "choosing non-topics", such as "incorrect" and "not in line with the text".

Exclusion can be applied to all types of multiple-choice questions. It reveals the correct answer and improves the accuracy of the answer by excluding the options that do not meet the requirements of the topic. In order to find the "first knowledge point", that is, the basis for excluding the first option, the exclusion method must have two characteristics: one is the most accurate judgment, and the other is the most valuable. After determining this knowledge point, you can rule out more options.

Analogy applies to some multiple-choice questions. According to reasonable inference, quickly exclude some options, or infer unknown situations according to known situations, and quickly determine the answer.

I. Classification

1. From the description object: the description of things and the description of things.

2. From the linguistic features of expository writing: simple expository writing and vivid expository writing.

Second, the order of interpretation.

Chronological order, spatial order, logical order.

Specific scores of logical order: subject-time, cause-result, phenomenon-essence, feature-use, general-individual, generalization-concrete, whole-part.

Typical question: What is the order of interpretation in this article? What's the role?

Standardized answer format: In this article, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (The first blank should be filled with the specific order of description, and the second blank should be filled with the specific name or description of the thing. If it is a rational exposition, but it cannot be accurately expressed, it can be expressed in vague language such as "rationality" and "science". )

Third, the method of explanation.

1, the common interpretation methods are: example, classification, definition, imitation, explanation, analogy, numbers, charts and quotations.

2, the role of common methods:

1. Example: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things by giving specific examples, making the explanation more specific and convincing.

(2) Classification: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized.

③ Comparison: Compare the differences between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(4) Interpretation: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand.

⑤. For example: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and so on.

6. Imitation: Give a vivid description of the characteristics/events of things, so as to make the explanation more specific.

⑦ Definition: To reveal the object/science in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally.

⑧ Numbering: Use specific data to explain the characteristics/facts of things, so as to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.

⑨ Charting: Explain the characteristics/events of things by means of charts to make the explanation more concise and intuitive.

⑩ Quotation: Quotation has the following forms-

First, cite specific cases; (The function is the same as the example)

B, citing specific data; (Functions in the same column)

C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs; The function is to make the explanation more convincing.

D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.

(The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )

Fourthly, the language analysis of expository writing.

1, the analysis of the whole language is generally from two angles: a, accuracy; B, vivid or concise.

This is also the characteristic of general expository writing. B is from the perspective of different language styles. To comment on the language features of the whole article, we must combine the specific content of the article, for example, we can choose a sentence as an example.

The standard answer format is as follows: This article fully embodies the accurate/vivid/concise characteristics of Chinese, such as the sentence "……", which accurately/vividly/concisely explains the characteristics/facts of things. There are many other examples like this.

2. Comments on specific articles/sentences/words

The function of the article/sentence is basically the same as above.

The function of words has the following exam forms:

A, what is the function of adding words? B, can you change the word? C. Add some words that can be deleted?

This kind of questions often need to be answered in combination with the characteristics of the accuracy of the interpretation language (sometimes reflecting the vividness of the language) The second question type should also compare the differences in answers between the two. The third question type should also add the expression "after deletion, it does not conform to people's understanding of objective things or to objective facts".

An analysis of explanatory writing of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

1, combined with interpretation method

Normative answer mode is as follows:

The main explanation method adopted in this paper is ... to explain ... (content: the characteristics of things or things) so as to explain ... (function: refer to the previous explanation method to clarify its function)

2, combined with rhetoric.

Normative answer mode is as follows:

This is a vivid explanation article, which uses a lot of rhetorical devices to explain … (content), making the explanation of the article vivid.

3, combined with expressions.

Narration and description make the description more specific; Expressing opinions makes explanations more emotional. Then from this point of view, the writing of the explanatory text is analyzed, and the standard format of the answer is as follows:

In this paper, a variety of expressions are comprehensively used, besides explanation, there are also … (selected from "narration, description, explanation and discussion" according to the content), such as … (specific examples), that is, the use of … (expression) makes the explanation more concrete/emotional.

Sixth, explain the function of paragraphs.

There are three angles to answer this question:

(1), structure, content and function: lead out the following, connect the preceding with the following, and summarize the full text/previous article.

Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of leading out the object of explanation/explaining things.

(2), combined with interpretation.

Explain ... (features or things) by the method of interpretation of ..., so as to explain ... (functions).

Problem-solving skills of poetry appreciation

* The first mode analyzes image and artistic conception.

Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?

Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?

Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.

Answer steps:

(1) describe the picture in the poem. It also accurately summarizes that candidates should grasp the main scenery in poetry and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.

② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.

③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why.

Example of answer:

Two quatrains (I) Du Fu

Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.

Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.

Notes? This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old".

What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.

A: This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sunshine, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts, the soil is wet, the swallows are busy building their nests with mud, the sun is bright, the beach is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar (the first step). This is a beautiful spring scene (step 2). It shows the poet's happy and carefree state of mind after his wandering life (the third step).

* The second pattern analysis skill type

How to ask questions: What expressive techniques are used in this poem?

Title change: Please analyze the expressive technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?

Answer steps:

(1) Accurately point out the technology used.

(2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry.

(3) How can this technique effectively convey the poet's feelings?

Example of answer:

I went to Chen long ago.

Dewdrops invaded the camel's brown, Han Xiao was bright, and the stars were dry and bright.

Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects in the depths of rice fields are singing.

What does this poem mainly express? What's the effect?

A: Mainly use the method of comparison (the first step). The sky is not bright, the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which sets off the darkness of the night; "Grass insects sing" reflects the silence of the environment (step 2). The contrast between the two highlights the loneliness brought by the poet's early travel and inner wandering (the third step).

* Features of the third pattern analysis language

Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?

Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem.

Answer steps:

(1) Use one or two words to accurately point out language features.

(2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.

(3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.

Example of answer:

Heartbroken in spring

Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree. They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.

Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.

A: The language characteristics of this poem are fresh and natural, colloquial (the first step), and "yellow" is a child's voice, which shows the innocence of women. "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to the camp in western Liaoning to meet him there." In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband (step 2). This naturally shows the woman's longing for her husband (step 3).

* The fourth mode of font refining

Q: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why?

Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it?

Solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, which is to ask for the beauty of these refining words. When answering questions, you can't talk about this word in isolation, but put it in sentences and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.

Answer steps:

(1) Explain the meaning of this word in the sentence.

(2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene.

(3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.

Example of answer:

Nanpu Bie Bai Juyi

In Nanpu's bleak drudgery, the autumn wind is bleak.

Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.

According to the predecessors, the word "Kan" seems ordinary, but in fact it is very vivid and can really reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why?

A: I agree. Look, in the poem, it means to look back (the first step). I left people, and I often looked back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the tearful image of the lyric hero (step 2). The word "look" alone vividly shows the sadness of parting (step 3).

* The word "the fifth mode" is poetic.

Q: One word is the key to the whole poem. Why?

Solution analysis: ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem.

Answer steps:

The role of the word (1) in highlighting the main idea.

(2) Consider the role of words in the structure of poetry.

Example of answer:

One spring night, Li Bai heard the flute in Los Angeles.

Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.

Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?

The word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow"? Do you agree with "key"? Why?

A: "Folding willow" means "parting", and the theme of poetry is homesickness (the first step). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of the song "Broken Willow" (the second step). It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem.

* The sixth mode is emotional and thematic.

Q: What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed? What is the theme of this poem?

Question variant: What kind of social reality does this poem reflect? What kind of interest does this poem show? Or ask questions in combination with artistic conception, or ask questions for a sentence or a couplet.

Answer steps:

(1) What is written in each sentence (or related sentence) of the poem?

(2) What expression skills are used?

(3) What emotions are expressed?

For example, read the following Song lyrics and then answer this question. (8 points) (2006 National Volume II)

Nankezi Rebecca

The mountains are dark and the weather is cold and rainy. Several branches were bright and wet, and they were red with tears. Don't feel sorry for the east wind. The hat faces outwards and ditches are everywhere. Hard work is a problem concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Get a plow and look forward to a good year.

(Note) ① Agriculture, countryside and farmers: refer to spring ploughing, summer sowing and autumn harvest.

(2) Try to analyze the content of Xiaque and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the poem.

A: It describes the life of peasants' hard struggle, and gives a sigh that "hard work on earth is three rural issues". (Step 1) (Skip step 2 because there is no special expression skill) It expresses farmers' desire for good weather and abundant crops. (Step 3)

Read the following Tang poem, then answer this question. (8 points) (2005 National Volume II)

Bai Juyi is homesick from winter to day in Handan.

Every winter solstice, I am accompanied by the shadow in front of the knee lamp. If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers.

[Note] Winter solstice: one of the 24 solar terms, is an important festival in the Tang Dynasty.

(2) How did the author write Homesickness?

A: Late at night from the winter solstice, my family is still sitting around the lamp, talking about themselves as long-distance travelers. (Step 1) The author mainly expresses his homesickness through this imaginary picture. (Step 2). (The topic in the third step has explained emotions) (Imagine 1, and the picture is described as 2)

:: The seventh model assessment problem.

Question: the evaluation question is to list one or several poems first, and then quote the comments of ancient poetry critics or later generations on the characteristics of poems, asking you to judge whether this comment is correct or reasonable first, and then explain the reasons. This kind of question is similar to the judgment and reasoning question in the political history exam. In fact, this type of question is only a variation of the first six types of questions, and there is no direct question. Students need to analyze their own questions, whether they are content, theme or expression skills, and then combine the questions with poems to make appropriate statements.

Answer the idea:

(1) Examine the questions carefully.

(2) Read and understand poetry deeply.

(3) Answer questions in combination with poems and comments.

Attention to answering questions: closely follow the content of the poem and analyze it from point to surface; When explaining the reasons, you should stick to the key words of the comments.

Example of answer:

Chibi Du Mu

A broken iron halberd sank into the sand and disappeared, only to find that it was the remnant of Battle of Red Cliffs after grinding and washing. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid that Cao Cao will win and Er Qiao will be locked up in Tongquetai.

Someone once quoted "a grain of sand to see the world, half a flower to talk about human feelings" to summarize the artistic characteristics of this poem. Do you agree with this view? Please briefly explain.

Analysis: This is a typical poem evaluation question. The original intention of the poem is very clear, but the proposer borrows a western poem to summarize its artistic characteristics, so he should change his mind when answering. The so-called "a grain of sand sees the world, half a petal of flowers talks about human feelings", that is, seeing the big from the small and seeing the leopard from a glimpse. In this paper, Er Qiao, two daughters of Wu State, an unearthed cultural relic, is used to show the political changes during the Three Kingdoms period.

This is an epic poem, which expresses feelings about the rise and fall of the country. It can be said that the content is big and the theme is big, but the poet expresses it through "small things" and "small things". This poem is a small cultural relic, "Broken halberd", which is associated with the turbulent years before the division of the Han Dynasty. Thinking of the heroes in the Chibi War can be said to be "seeing the world in a grain of sand". The last two sentences relate the fact that "Er Qiao" has not been caught to the big theme of Wu Dong's hegemony and tripartite confrontation, which is tangible and affectionate, and can be described as "half-petal talk about human feelings".

:: Comparative evaluation of the eighth mode.

Question: Give two or more poems for students to compare and read, and then analyze and evaluate their similarities and differences.

Answer the idea:

(1) Read through these poems and master their ideological content and main writing methods, including the background knowledge of the writers' works.

(2) It is necessary to combine the perspectives of comparison (ideological content, feelings, artistic techniques, writing methods, rhetorical methods, etc. ) Seek the difference of poetry in the stem.

(3) pay attention to the combination of point and surface, both overall analysis and specific analysis. Pay attention to clarity and hierarchy when expressing.

For example: 16. Read the following two ancient poems and then answer this question. (6 points) (2005 Zhejiang Volume)

Du Mu, a title of Qi 'an County, China.

On the bridge of Erji Sunset Creek, half a ray of light smoke is in the willow shadow. How many violets depend on each other and hate each other, looking back at the west wind for a while.

Yang Wanli on the lotus pond at dusk

The grass shook its head and suddenly reported Nong, and the shawl stopped a westerly wind. The lotus is still hot at dusk, and its lower face is hidden in a blue umbrella.

(2) What expressions are used in these two poems to depict the image of "He"? Please point out the different emotional characteristics of "Lian" in the two poems and make a brief analysis. (4 points)

Analysis: There are two problems in the topic. The first question is about the similarities in expression, so we don't need to analyze them, just write them out. Of course, if you specify them, that's right. The second question needs to analyze the emotional differences expressed in these two poems, so we should answer these two aspects according to the emotional theme mode when answering questions.

A: The first question: They all use personified expressions.

The second question: the "violet" in the previous song has a "hate" and a "return to the west wind". (Step 1) It contains the poet's hatred, showing the feeling of sadness and injustice, with a sad tone. (Step 2)

The "Lotus" of the latter song was blown by the west wind and hid in the lotus leaf, which seemed to be "hot" but actually shy. (Step 1) Reveal the author's love and joy, with a lively and interesting tone. (Step 2)