How to apply game theory in enterprise management?

Leon A. petrosyan, petrosyan, Professor of School of Management, Director of Countermeasure Research Center, Professor of Kantrovich Research. David W.K. Young of Yang Rongji, Director and Chair Professor of Game Theory, Director of Countermeasure Research Center of St. Petersburg University and Chair Professor of Kantrovich Research Center. The world's first stochastic differential cooperative game co-authored by them is regarded as an epoch-making classic that continues the excellent traditions of Lyapunov, Pontryagin and Zubov. Game theory studies how individuals get the most reasonable strategies in complex interactions. In the competitive business world, experience, competitive strategy and game theory are just like the skills, methods and means of enterprise management. Enterprise managers who master the game method are often more rational and clever than those who don't understand the game method. Since the great Hungarian mathematician von Neumann founded the game theory in the 1920s, the game theory has developed from an early static game to a dynamic game, and has been widely used in many fields such as business, law and psychology. Professor Yang Rongji from Hong Kong Baptist University, St. Petersburg University and Professor petrosyan from St. Petersburg State University are famous experts in dynamic game theory. Their book Dynamic Game once caused a sensation in academic circles, and was praised as "a more complicated theory than the game theory that won the Nobel Prize". Its research results make game theory closer to the dynamic environment of real society and more valuable to enterprise managers in the rapidly changing business environment. A: Many human activities, especially economic activities, are interdependent decision-making processes. This multi-party and interdependent decision-making process is a game, which not only refers to competition, but also includes cooperation. For example, the interdependence between enterprise decision-making and national policy. Sometimes, cooperation is more complicated. Dynamic game is a decision-making interaction that changes with time. A decision that is optimal at one moment may not be optimal at the next. Time adds vitality to the game. The concept of strategic interaction in game theory can be traced back to Sun Tzu, an ancient military scientist in China. "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle", which shows the importance of the interaction between decision makers in the study of game theory. The strategies of all parties influence each other, and the result of decision-making also depends on the strategies of all parties. Any company should always consider other competitors and potential competitors in the market when exploring the market. These are all games. A: Although game theory is a theory that can bring benefits to the management of enterprises or projects, it is still difficult to say that any enterprise is willing to pay for game theory. The research of game theory needs a very serious calculation model, which cannot be completed by one person. It needs the joint efforts of many people, such as mathematicians and computer scientists, to develop. A: When managers understand the research results of game theory, they can make decisions suitable for enterprise development without experience and avoid some mistakes. For example, suppose two or more enterprises decide to establish a joint venture company, and they set up this joint venture company from the perspective of long-term development; They signed a contract, stipulating that 10 can only distribute profits at the last minute, and each person will take 50% of the profits. If they do reach such an agreement, we can theoretically prove that the joint venture company cannot survive to 10 years under such terms by using game theory. I believe that some experienced managers can make the same judgment intuitively. Profits should not be distributed at the last moment of 10 year, but should be distributed during 10 year, such as once a year. In reality, in the fifth year, a group of negotiators from the same two companies and with the same ideas sit down to negotiate again, and the distribution method will change, for example, to 40% ~ 60%. This situation is inevitable and can also be proved by mathematical methods. A: In a dynamic environment, the cooperation scheme agreed by all parties at one moment may not be agreed by all parties at this moment or the next, because dynamic changes can change the interests of one party from favorable to unfavorable. The realistic environment is full of dynamic cooperation issues, including world trade negotiations, domestic and foreign investment, market development and integration, resource development, local cooperation and arms reduction. For example, in the process of joint venture negotiation, we will use some data, such as asset evaluation and securities value evaluation of both parties. We can also use the power game theory in trade negotiations. According to the calculation of different strength factors, we can judge the strength of each negotiator. No computer program can tell you how to think. Just like art, I can't explain how to think This is very difficult. Maybe Confucius can. However, after talking to my son for a month or two, my son said to me, "I began to think." He is 14 years old this year. I don't think there is a genius, maybe one in ten million. Everyone needs to work hard, otherwise it is impossible to gain something. I always think about my problems, although that doesn't mean I have to sit down all the time. A: As for the development of game theory, we think it is more mental, and it is hard to say whether you should do this or that. It does not mean that a large amount of capital investment will definitely bring good results. I only know the general situation of the development of game theory in China, but I don't know the detailed information, such as the situation of students and so on. The important thing is thinking. For example, students, whether they are game theory students or students majoring in mathematics or chemistry, should have more time to do scientific research under the guidance of their tutors in the last year before graduation. Each tutor can't take too many students, and about three or four are more suitable. If students have such research experience at a very young age, it will be easier to solve thinking problems, but if they start from the age of 40, they will almost never solve this problem. Game theory comes from ancient games or games, such as chess and poker. Modern mathematicians who study game theory have established a complete logical framework and system by abstracting concrete problems, and systematically studied the laws behind decision-making. Any game has three parts: 1. People in the game; 2. Actions that people in the bureau can take; 3. The benefits that players can get. Every player will choose the best action to get the biggest reward, and every player always thinks that other players are trying to get the best result. Game theory is only interesting when there is interaction between tactics, that is, when everyone tries to guess each other's strategies before acting. Like football, it can be analyzed by game theory, because players will try to judge the opponent's strategy before taking action.