The general knowledge of ancient culture in the language of the high school exam is related to history

1. The important accumulation of general knowledge of ancient culture in the history of the college entrance examination, such as yin and yang, five elements, heavenly stems and earthly branches

This belongs to the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and it belongs to the astronomical calendar, because the ancient use of the stem and branch commemorative method, of course, it is still used nowadays, and the twelve zodiac signs are corresponding to the twelve earthly branches.

(Unfortunately, many modern villains take this to fortune-telling to deceive the people) The five elements is an ancient Chinese view of matter. It is mostly used in philosophy, Chinese medicine and divination.

The five elements are: gold, wood, water, fire and earth. It is believed that nature is composed of five elements, and with the prosperity and decline of these five elements, it makes changes in nature, which not only affects the destiny of human beings, but also makes the cycle of everything in the universe.

The doctrine of the five elements is that everything in the universe is composed of the operation (movement) and change of the five basic substances: wood, fire, earth, gold, and water. It emphasizes the concept of wholeness and depicts the structural relationships and forms of movement of things.

If yin and yang is an ancient doctrine of the unity of opposites, the Five Elements can be said to be a primitive and ordinary system theory.

If Yin and Yang is an ancient doctrine of unity of opposites, then the Five Elements can be said to be a primitive general system theory.

The five elements are born together: gold begets water, water begets wood, wood begets fire, fire begets earth, and earth begets gold. The five elements are mutually exclusive: gold grams wood, wood grams earth, earth grams water, water grams fire, fire grams gold.

The nature of the five elements: wood, fire, earth, gold, water, the nature of each of the five elements, in turn, are as follows: wood - good beauty, and elegant personality. The nature of wood represents benevolence, which means loving and doing good.

Fire - impatient, but rich in self-esteem. Fire represents courtesy, which means being humble and cautious, honoring one's superiors and not deceiving the subordinates.

Earth - warm and honest in nature, with self-confidence. The nature of earth represents faith, which means honesty and sincerity.

Gold - strong in nature, with self-esteem. Gold represents righteousness, that is, to honor the good and abandon the bad, and to do what is right in all things.

Water - people are smart and can speculate on things. Water represents wisdom, that is, observing things in detail, being able to foresee everything, and being good at strategizing.

It can also be said to be the five constants of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and trust. The five elements of traditional Chinese medicine are related to each other in a diagram The five organs: wood for the liver; fire for the heart; earth for the spleen; gold for the lungs; water for the kidneys.

The five colors: wood for cyan; fire for red; earth for yellow; gold for white; and water for black. The Five Elements are related to each other Five Elements are related to each other Five Elements are related to each other Five Elements are related to each other Five Elements are related to each other Five Elements are related to each other Five Elements are related to each other Five Elements are related to each other Five Elements are related to each other Five Elements are related to each other.

'The five elements are born together' is the meaning of mutual prosperity, indicating the generation and fertilization, and 'the five elements are opposite' is to refute each other, fight each other, check and balance. According to the magnetic field of the universe was originally a vast ocean (water). In the sea produced plants (wood). Then through the sun (fire) slowly came the land (earth). From the land, the iron ore (gold) was discovered. Then, from the iron ore, the iron was refined and made into pots to draw water.

This is the earth's natural water born of wood → wood born of fire → fire born of earth → earth born of gold → gold born of water cycle state. And *** bare earth must be planted trees (wood), with the roots of large trees to arch solid soil when the rain will not soil loss (earth), heavy rain will cause flooding will need to use the earth to build walls to defend the home (water), the ancient home of the door to set up a large tank when it rains when the water in preparation for the fire can be extinguished (fire), in order to defend the home and home cooking fire must be a knife, gun, axe and utensils, so the refining of stubborn iron (gold), fire! Need to use saws and axes to split wood (wood), which is the natural reasoning of the phase check and balance is that the wood is earth → earth grams of water → water grams of fire → fire grams of gold → gold grams of wood.

After the creation of all things in heaven and earth, although there is a symbiosis, but there should be checks and balances, such as water will make the trees grow, but also the loss of soil, and wood in accordance with the 'wood and earth' reason to the earth, which is the natural cycle of the state. This is the natural cycle of the world.

In the ancient Chinese calendar, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, C, N, N, D is called "ten heavenly stems", son, ugly, c, d, e, S, F, N, U, S, U, S, S, U, S, U, U, X, H, H, H, H, H, H. Called "twelve earthly branches". Ten dry and twelve branches in order to match, composed of sixty basic units, the two in a fixed order to match each other, composed of the dry and branch chronology.

From the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed in Yinxu, the heavenly stems and earthly branches were mainly used in China in ancient times to record the day, but also used to record the month, the year, the time, etc. The twelve stems and twelve branches were matched in order to form the sixty basic units. Tiān'gāndìzhī 天干地支tiān'gāndìzhī 天干地支 arose in the Han Dynasty, which started the year with the beginning of spring instead of the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar.

天干地支 天干地支 abbreviated as "stem and branch". According to "Dictionary", "Ganzhi" is derived from the "branches" of a tree.

Ten Heavenly Stems: A (jiǎ), B (yǐ), C (bǐng), D (dīng), E (wù), F (jǐ), G (gēng), X (xīn), N (rén), K (guǐ); Twelve Earthly Branches: Zi (zǐ), Chou (chǒu), Yin (yín), Mao (mǎo), C (chén), Si (sì), W (wǔ), Wei (wǔ). wǔ), Wei (wèi), Shen (shēn), You (yǒu), Xu (xū), Hai (hài) (Note: the twelve earthly branches correspond to the twelve Chinese zodiac signs[1] - Zi: Rat; U: Ox; Yin: Tiger; U: Rabbit; Chen: Dragon; Si: Snake; N: Horse; Wei: Sheep; Shen: Monkey; You: Rooster; Xu: Dog; Hai: Pig.) .

As early as 2697 BC, in the Chinese founder of the Yellow Emperor, when he founded the country, ordered the Daxue clan to explore the qi of heaven and earth, to explore the five elements (gold, wood, water, fire and earth)), the beginning of a, b, c, d, e, f, g, xin, nong, kai ten heavenly stems, and the son (zǐ), ugly (chǒu), c (yín), d (mǎo), c (chén), six (sì), Wu (wǔ), not yet (wèi), Shen (wèi), and the first (zǐ), the first (zǐ), ugly (chǒu), yin (yín), Mao (mǎo), Chen (chén), six (sì), Wu (wǔ), not yet (wèi). wèi), shēn (申), yǒu (酉), xū (xū), and hài (hài), the twelve earthly branches of the Chinese calendar, which are used as symbols for the calendar. According to "The Five Elements of the Great Meanings", the stem and branch were created by Da Xue.

Daxue "take the five elements of the situation, accounting for the building of the Douji, the beginning of the A and B to the name of the day, known as the dry, for the son of the ugly to the name of the month, known as the branch. Something in the sky with the day, something on the ground with the month.

The difference between yin and yang, so there are branches and dry name." Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches Our calendar to the moon around the Earth for a week (29.5306 days) for January, to the Earth around the Sun for a week (365.2419 days) for a year, in order to make the average number of days in a year and the return of the number of days in the year in line with the setting of intercalary months.

According to records, in the sixth century BC China began to use nineteen years of seven intercalary month method to harmonize the lunar and solar calendars. The Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches are the symbols used by the ancients to build their calendars to make it easier to do the 60th percentile.

For the ancient Chinese, the existence of the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches was as simple as *** numbers.

2. language and history have no connection

Surely there is a connection, literature and history are not separated from the family this sentence is reasonable, if the closest connection is the language of the study of the reading of the language in the ancient culture of general knowledge that piece.

Ancient cultural knowledge will often be out of the four options for you to analyze which is wrong to give a chestnut: we will learn in the history of the two characters Bo Ya, pipe Zhong, if you know them well enough, will do cultural knowledge questions at a glance to see that "brothers ranked title: Bo Zhong Uncle Ji" is right I give another I am impressed with the example: I like to watch the year of the "Biao Zhong Shu Ji", and the "Biao Zhong Shu Ji". The example: I like to read the year Ming Yue wrote "Ming Dynasty those things", there is a period of time I read every day, obsessed with it, but also by the teacher confiscated several books, as a result of the end of the province's bottom of the language exams in the language exams happen to be examined in the Ming Dynasty - Lu Bing biography of the time I was in the examination room simply to laugh out loud. After the collection of my classmates are next to say that this time the language is so difficult and difficult, what can not read, I just because I read this book to see this piece of literature is like reading the vernacular language.

2018 before the college entrance examination I in order to relax to visit the former residence of Jia Yi tour, the results of this year's college entrance examination literature on the test about Jia Yi's literature, because the visit to the former residence of the time to understand a lot of biography ah article ah and so on, so ...... hee hee and then it is more associated with your composition, learn history to learn a lot, you Will feel that their realm is very different, often after reading the material given in the essay you will open up a lot of other ideas angle. The first thing you need to do is to take a look at the history of the world and see if you can find a way to make it work for you.

Another example: now often are task-driven essay, the material is generally given now happened xxx things, some people say xxxx, while another set of people think xxxx. this triggered you how to think, please write a composition on the subject of their own.

You can be in China's ancient historical figures thought, such as Confucianism Laozi ("Analects") the middle way, is not it can be used as the title of your essay, others are written I think xxx is right / xxx is wrong, you write "the middle way" a different. In addition, you know a lot of historical figures, they have become your composition character material, you are arguing your composition argument, often can quote historical figures to add color to your argument, not only show your cultural literacy, but also perfect your logic to make it tight.

A little of my own experience and advice, I hope to help you.

3. How to test ancient cultural knowledge in the language of the college entrance examination

The summary of ancient cultural knowledge in the language of the college entrance examination, I hope it can help you!

First, the person's title

There are roughly three cases of direct name: (1) self-referring to the name or name. Such as "within five steps, Xiangru please be able to neck blood splash the king carry on", "Luling Wen Tianxiang self-preface his poem. (2) Used for introduction or biography. For example, "So and Lu Su went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting, Yang's Taizhou people". (3) It is used to refer to the person whom one detests or despises. Such as "Unfortunately, Lv Shimeng constructed in front of the evil, Jia Yuqing offer sycophancy in the back".

Called the word of the ancients named at a young age, adult (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) to take the word, the word and the name have a meaningful connection. The word is to facilitate the others to call, to the generation of the same or honored generation called the word out of courtesy and respect. Such as Qu Ping for Qu Yuan, Sima Qian for Sima Zi long, Tao Yuanming for Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai for Li Taibai, Du Fu for Du Zimei, Han Yu for Han retreat, Liu Zongyuan for Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu for Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang for

Titles number is also known as the alias, the table number. The fundamental difference between name, word and number is: the former is taken by the father or honored elder, the latter is taken by himself. No., generally used only for self-proclaimed, in order to show some kind of interest or express some kind of emotion; to the person title is also a kind of honorific. For example: Tao Qian number five

Posthumous name ancient princes and generals, senior officials, famous scribes, etc. After death was added to the title called posthumous name. Such as Tao Yuanming for Jingjie Zhengshi, Ouyang Xiu for Ouyang Wenzhong Gong, Wang Anshi for Wang Wen Gong, Fan Zhongyan for Fan Wenzheng Gong, Wang Ao for Wang Zhongsu Gong, Zuo Guangdou for Zuo Zhongyi Gong, Shi Kefa for Shi Zhonglie Gong, Lin Zexu for Lin Wenzhong Gong. And called the traitor Qin Hui for mu ugly is a "bad posthumous".

The name of the fast refers to the name of the fast or room. For example, the Southern Song poet Yang Wanli's lent is called Chengzhai, and people call it Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai's lent is called Shihou Xuan, and he is called Yao Shihou and Mr. Shihou. Another example is to call Pu Songling as Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao as the master of the ice drinking room, Tan Sitong as Tan Zhuangfei (his lenten name Zhuangfeilou).

Called place of origin, such as the Tang poet Meng Haoran is Xiangyang people, so people called Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling is Qujiang people, so people called Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan is Hedong (now Shanxi Yongji) people, so people called Liu Hedong; Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi is a Jiangxi Linchuan people, so people called Wang Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty opera singer Tang Xianzu is known as Tang Linchuan (Linchuan, Jiangxi); the early Qing Dynasty scholars Gu Yanwu is the town of Tinglin in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, people, known as Gu Tinglin; Kang Youliang is a person called Gu Tinglin, a person called Gu Tinglin. Gu Tinglin (a native of Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province); Kang Youwei (a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province); and Yuan Shikai (a native of Xiangcheng, Henan Province), the leader of the Northern Warlords. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was a famous couplet full of ridicule: "The prime minister Hefei is thin in the world, the minister Changshu is barren in the world." The first line "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (Anhui Hefei), the second line "Changshu" that is, born in Changshu, Jiangsu Weng Tongxie.

Although Han Yu is a member of the Han River Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province), but because of the Changli (now Yixian, Liaoning Province) Han for the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu often "Changli Han Yu" self-proclaimed, the world then called it Han Changli. Another example is Su Shi was Sichuan Meizhou people, but he sometimes called himself "Zhao County Su Shi", "Su Zhao County", because Su is a prominent family in Zhao County.

The name of the official, such as "Sun Zharu smart and benevolent", "Sun Zharu" that is, Sun Quan, because he had been awarded the official position of General Zharu, so called. Plum Blossom Ridge Records" has "Secretary from the north", "said Yan Taishi to soldiers to solve, Wen Shaobao also to realize the great light method of cicadas off" sentence, "Secretary" is the official position of Hong Chengchou, "Taishi" is the official position of Hong Chengchou, "Secretary" is the official position of Hong Chengchou, "Secretary" is the official position of Hong Chengchou, "Secretary" is the official position of Hong Chengchou. "Master" is the official position of Yan Zhenqing "Prince Master" of the provincial title, "Shaobao" is the official position of Wen Tianxiang. The book with his wife: "Sima spring shirt, I can't learn to forget the love of Taishang also." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was the Secretary of Jiangzhou. The official name used as a person's title in ancient times is quite common, such as Jia Yi for Jia Tai Fu; "Bamboo Forest Seven Sages" one of the Ruan Ji had served as a foot soldier lieutenant, the world called Ruan foot soldier; Jikang had to worship in the San doctor, the world called Jik in the San; Eastern Jin Dynasty calligraphy Wang Xizhi official to the right army generals, and so far, people still say that the king's right army; Wang Wei had served as Shangshu right, the world called the right Wang; Du Fu had served as left collector, the world called the right Wang Du Fu was the left pickup, so it is called Du pickup, and because of the inspection of the Ministry of Public Works, so it is also known as the Ministry of Public Works; Liu Yuxi was the Prince's guest, known as Liu guest; Liu Yong was the Tun Tian, known as Liu Tun Tian; Su Shi was the Duanming Hall of the Hanlin School, known as the Su Bachelor.

The name of the title of the "training thrifty show Kang" "recent Kou Lai Gong luxury crown a moment", Kou Zhun's title is the Duke of Laiguo, Lai Gong is the provincial name. Plum Blossom Ridge" "Heshuo Yu pro

The official place refers to the name of the place where the official to call. For example, "The Battle of Red Cliff": "Where does Yuzhou want to be today?" Because Liu Bei was once the assassin of Yuzhou, he was called by his official place. For example, Jia Yi was once relegated to the post of Taifu of Changsha, and was called Jia Changsha; Kong Rong, one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", was once the minister of Beihai, and was called Kong Beihai; Tao Yuanming was once the magistrate of Pengze, and was called Tao Pengze; Luo Binwang was once the prime minister of Linhai County, and was called Luo Linhai; Cen Sen was once the assassin of Jiazhou, and was called Cen Jiazhou; and Wei Yingwu was once the assassin of Suzhou, and was called Wei Suzhou; Liu Zongyuan was the assassin of Liuzhou, known as Liu Liuzhou; Jia Dao was the chief bookkeeper of Changjiang County, known as Jia Changjiang, and his collection of poems is called The Collection of Changjiang.

The name of a person is also used to refer to himself, such as "Tour to Mount Baochan", "Four people, Luling

Modesty (1) expresses humility, used to refer to himself. Foolishness, humbly claiming to be unintelligent. I mean, humbly call themselves shallow knowledge. I, humbly calling myself or my things bad. Humble, humbly calling oneself lowly in status. Stealing, with the meaning of privately, privately, using it often has the meaning of impudence and abruptness. Minister, to claim that one's status is not as high as the other's. Servant, humbly call themselves the other party's servant, the use of it contains for the other party to serve the meaning.

4. Seek an ancient cultural knowledge of the composition 800 words

Hunan culture, refers to a distinctive features, relatively stable and inheritance relationship between the historical and cultural forms.

The culture of Hunan in the pre-Qin and the two Han dynasties should be included in another historical and cultural form, the Chu culture. Qu Yuan's poetry and art, and Mawangdui's historical relics have distinctive characteristics of Chu culture.

But since the North and South Dynasties and the Tang and Song dynasties, due to the development of historical changes, especially after several large-scale migrations in the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, the people of Hunan have undergone important changes in population, customs, mores, and ideological concepts, which have combined and constructed a new form of regional culture, called Hunan culture. The Chu culture of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties had an important influence on the Hunan culture constructed after the Song Dynasty, which is one of the sources of Hunan culture.

Hunan culture is a regional culture. Hunan people are all y influenced by it, baptized by it, and imprinted with it from head to toe, inside and out.

For many people in Hunan, they are proud of the deep heritage of this culture, and proud. It is with this culture, those who traveled to Hunan, to interpret their own light of life, and the world admired, in this sense, Hunan culture and beyond her region, has become the culture of China and even the world's attention.

" South of the Central Plains culture, in the context of the cultural center of gravity of the south, Hunan has become a Confucian culture as the orthodox provinces and regions, by scholars called "Xiaxiang Su Si," "Jingban Zulu"; Tang and Song dynasty before the local culture, including the Jingchu culture. These two sources influence the two dimensions of Hunan culture.

At the ideological and academic level, Confucianism in the Central Plains is the source of Hunan culture, and the plaque of "Taoist South" hanging in the lecture hall of Yuelu Academy shows the Confucian orthodoxy represented by Hunan culture. The psycho-social aspects, such as the folkways and customs of Hunan, and the psychological characteristics, are mainly derived from the local cultural traditions.

These two distinctive cultures were reunited, leading to the formation of a unique regional culture. Therefore, to explore the study of Hunan scholars, can be found in the Hunan culture of Confucianism orthodox characteristics, whether it is Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Nanxuan, or Wang Fushan, Zeng Guofan, their academic thinking, academic pursuit, are the orthodox Confucius and Mencius as the goal; and the study of Hunan people, will feel more Jingchu mountain people rigid, stubborn personality.

Of course, these two cultural combinations are interpenetrating: the academic thinking of Xiangxue always reveals that Xiang people are strong, pragmatic, and dare to be the first in the style of practical learning and the spirit of hard work, while Xiang people's character traits, but also by the moral spirit of Confucianism to cultivate, and therefore can show a charm of the personality and the sublimation of the spirit. Such as Zeng Guofan in the self-personality training in the pursuit of "blood sincerity", "Ming strong", often make us taste the beauty of this dual cultural combination, "sincerity", "Ming" concepts are from the Confucian canonical books and Confucian students on the pursuit of personality perfection; and "blood", "strong" concepts and clearly surging with the Confucian moral spirit and the pursuit of the perfect personality; and "blood", "strong" concepts and clearly surging with the Confucian moral spirit and the pursuit of the perfect personality. The concept of "blood", "strong" and clearly surging with the Jingchu savage people of a blood! Including the formation of Zeng Guofan's Xiang army, whose members are mainly the Hunan land of the mountain people, Zeng Guofan not only looked at their straight, strong Xiang character, but also required them to learn Confucian morality and cultural cultivation, reflecting his conscious use of this dual cultural combination.

The threefold evolution and the karma of Hunan culture. Hunan culture was formed after the two Song dynasties.

Historically, Hunan was "blocked by the Yangtze River in the north, thinned by the Five Ridges in the south, and bordered by Qianshu in the west, with a large number of seedlings", and it was a piece of thorny and barbaric land "not touched by humanities of the Central Plains". So, in this piece of "four plugs" on how to form the main source of culture in the Central Plains of Hunan culture? At the time of the Song Dynasty, Chinese culture underwent three major evolutions, which played a crucial role in the rise of Hunan culture.

Following the pre-Qin and Han scriptures, the Wei and Jin metaphysics, and the Sui and Tang Buddhism, the Song dynasty saw the emergence of the science of culture. As a new cultural trend, the main feature of rationalism is the synthesis of traditional thought and culture.

It took the revival of Confucianism as its banner, and demanded the reinterpretation of Confucian classics, trying to revitalize Confucian culture in the new historical period. On the other hand, it drew on and synthesized the cosmic philosophies and methods of thinking and reasoning of Buddhism and Taoism, and supplemented them into Confucianism, so as to develop Confucianism into a system of thought with profound philosophies.

Because Rigaku was able to revitalize and develop Confucianism, and adapt to the needs of the late feudal society in China, it soon became a dominant ideology until it continued into the late Qing period. Before the Wei and Jin dynasties, the political, economic, and cultural centers of China were located in the north.

On behalf of the main body of Chinese culture in the Central Plains culture was originally produced in the north, since the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the two Song Dynasty, the center of gravity of China's economy began to move south, and the culture also moved south. In particular, due to the constant worries of some nomads in the north, the Yongjia Rebellion of the two Jin dynasties, the Anshi Rebellion of the Tang Dynasty, and the Jingkang Rebellion of the Song Dynasty, which led to incessant wars in the Central Plains, forced the people of the Central Plains to go south.

As a result, the position of the north, which has always been the political, economic and cultural center of China, began to decline, and the south gradually rose in economic and cultural terms. By the time of the Song Dynasty, the economy and culture of the south was so developed that it had surpassed that of the north.

Especially in the Southern Song Dynasty after the Jingkang Rebellion, famous literati were engaged in cultural and educational activities in the South, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and other provinces became the most culturally developed places, resulting in a number of famous schools of thought, the establishment of many famous academies. An important academic phenomenon that emerged in China during the Song Dynasty, namely, Confucianism evolved into a regional school with local characteristics and historical inheritance, which is the so-called "regionalization of Confucianism".

Confucianism also flourished during the Han Dynasty, but the opportunity to flourish was the implementation by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty of the "Dismissal of the Hundred Schools, Exclusive Respect for Confucianism", which made Confucianism during the Han Dynasty a kind of national ideology from top to bottom. Fundamentally, Han Confucianism is a kind of unified Confucianism.

The revival of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty was a bottom-up academic and cultural trend, not through the central or local government schools, but mainly through the local academies to carry out academic research and dissemination. A group of Neo-Confucian scholars who aspire to revitalize Confucian beliefs and rebuild the Confucian knowledge system gathered in different academies in different regions to write and teach.

As a result, regional schools with their own academic traditions and ideological characteristics were formed. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Zhou Dunyi's Lianxue, Zhang Zai's Guanxue, and Ercheng Brothers' Luoxue.